Dạy một bài thực hành nói trong chương trình tiếng Anh lớp 8

A -§Æt vÊn ®Ò 1-Tªn ®Ò tµi : D¹y mét bµi thùc hµnh nãi trong ch­¬ng tr×nh tiÕng Anh líp 8 2-Ph¹m vi ®Ò tµi : HÑp 3- LÝ do chän ®Ò tµi : TiÕng Anh lµ mét c«ng cô v« cïng quan träng trong ®êi sèng x· héi hiÖn ®¹i kh«ng nh÷ng thÕ nã cßn lµ c«ng cô t¹o ®iÒu kiÖn hoµ nhËp víi céng ®ång Quèc tÕ vµ khu vùc nã gióp chóng ta tiÕp cËn ®­îc nh÷ng th«ng tin quèc tÕ vÒ khoa häc kü thuËt , gi¸o dôc v¨n ho¸ , y tÕ , c«ng nghiÖp , n«ng nghiÖp ... ®ang thay ®æi hµng giê hµng ngµy , nã cßn gióp chóng ta tiÕp cËn c¸c nÒn v¨n ho¸ tiªn tiÕn còng nh­ c¸c sù kiÖn quèc tÕ quan träng . Víi c¸c lÝ do trªn, lµ 1 gi¸o viªn d¹y tiÕng Anh ë THCS t«i lu«n tr¨n trë vµ b¨n kho¨n lµm thÕ nµo gióp c¸c em tiÕp cËn ®­îc TiÕng Anh mét c¸ch dÔ dµng th«ng qua 4 kü n¨ng c¬ b¶n : Nghe – Nãi - §äc – ViÕt . Song cã mét kü n¨ng lu«n g©y cho c¸c em gÆp khã kh¨n ®ã lµ kü n¨ng nãi . Cã rÊt nhiÒu em ¸p dông ng÷ ph¸p vµo bµi tËp rÊt tèt , song kh¶ n¨ng nãi rÊt kÐm , lu«n Êp óng kh«ng râ lêi . VËy gi¸o viªn ph¶i lµm g× ®Ó gióp c¸c em v­ît qua nh÷ng khã kh¨n nµy ? §Ó tiÕng Anh sÏ lµ tiÕng Anh giao tiÕp , ®Ó khi giao tiÕp víi b¹n bÌ n­íc ngoµi , chóng ta tù tin m¹nh d¹n h¬n . CÇn phèi hîp sö dông th­êng xuyªn c¸c h×nh thøc tËp nãi theo cÆp ( pairs) HoÆc theo nhãm ( groups) ®Ó c¸c em cã nhiÒu c¬ héi sö dông tiÕng Anh trong líp . Qua ®ã c¸c em cã thÓ c¶m thÊy tù tin vµ m¹nh d¹n h¬n trong giao tiÕp tr­íc khi cho häc sinh lµm bµi tËp gi¸o viªn nªn gîi ý hay cung cÊp ng÷ liÖu míi cho häc sinh lµm viÖc theo cÆp hoÆc nhãm . Ng÷ c¶nh cÇn ®­îc giíi thiÖu râ rµng , sö dông thªm c¸c gi¸o cô trùc quan ®Ó gîi ý hay t¹o t×nh huèng . Cã thÓ më réng t×nh huèng , khai th¸c c¸c t×nh huèng cã liªn quan ®Õn chÝnh hoµn c¶nh cña ®Þa ph­¬ng , khuyÕn khÝch liªn hÖ ®Õn t×nh h×nh cô thÓ cña chÝnh cuéc sèng thËt cña c¸c em . -S¬ l­îc lÞch sö ®Ò tµi : §©y lµ mét ®Ò tµi mang tÝnh chÊt hÑp . §èi víi häc sinh phæ th«ng bµi thùc hµnh nãi ®· ®­îc ®­a ra thö nghiÖm vµ ®· tiÕn hµnh trong c¸c nhµ tr­êng phæ th«ng ®èi víi häc sinh líp 8 tõ n¨m häc 2004- 2005 , häc sinh líp 9 tõ n¨m häc 2005- 2006 . -Môc tiªu chän ®Ò tµi : Nh»m ph¸t huy tÝnh tÝch cùc, tù tin, m¹nh d¹n vµ s¸ng t¹o cña häc sinh, nh»m t¹o kh¶ n¨ng giao tiÕp vµ t×nh huèng gi¶i quyÕt c¸c vÊn ®Ò cho c¸c em, coi häc sinh lµ chñ thÓ ho¹t ®éng . KhuyÕn khÝch c¸c ho¹t ®éng tÝch cùc, chñ ®éng, s¸ng t¹o, tù tin, m¹nh d¹n trong giao tiÕp vµ sö dông tèt ng«n ng÷ trong giao tiÕp . B- Néi dung ®Ò tµi 1- §èi t­îng nghiªn cøu : Häc sinh líp 8 tr­êng THCS Thôy Duyªn – Th¸i Thôy – Th¸i B×nh 2 – C¬ së nghiªn cøu : a- C¬ së lý luËn : Dùa vµo mét sè tµi liÖu tiÕng Anh : English 8 , Teachers note, Speaking techniques , reference books, worksb«ks, Acause–technology and practice, ELTTP methodology course. C¸c tiÕt d¹y ë líp 8A, 8B, 8C VÝ dô : Unit 5 lesson 2 : Speak Unit 6 lesson 2 : Speak 3- Ph­¬ng ph¸p nghiªn cøu : Tõ thùc tÕ gi¶ng d¹y t«i ®· cã mét vµi s¸ng t¹o, t«i ®· thùc nghiÖm ë c¸c líp vµ thÊy cã hiÖu qu¶ nh­ c¸c líp 8A, 8B, 8C Qua c«ng t¸c ®iÒu tra : T«i ®· dù giê c¸c ®ång nghiÖp ë nhiÒu líp, ë nhiÒu tr­êng kh¸c nhau, ph­¬ng ph¸p d¹y nµy cã hiÖu qu¶ cao , ®· gióp häc sinh høng thó víi bµi häc vµ hiÓu bµi , n¾m ch¾c ®­îc cÊu tróc , tõ vùng míi vµ ¸p dông trong giao tiÕp kh¸ l­u lo¸t ,cã hiÖu qu¶ . BiÖn ph¸p tiÕn hµnh : Qua tham gia häc tËp vµo c¸c kho¸ häc vÒ ph­¬ng ph¸p gi¶ng d¹y míi, líp häc båi d­ìng gi¸o viªn tiÕng Anh vµ qua nghiªn cøu c¸c tµi liÖu t«i ®· rót ra c¸c kÜ thuËt d¹y bµi thùc hµnh nãi gåm ba phÇn nh­ sau: @.Speaking techniques: There are three parts I.Pre-Speaking - Net work - Jumbled words - Brainstorming - Noughts and crosses - Chatting - Find some one who - Hangman II.While speaking: - Matching - picture drill - Questions- answers - Group – Discussion - Survey - Pair works - Ordering - Group works - word cue drill III Post – speaking: - Role play - Mapped dialogues - Write it up - Poster Exhibition - Discussion - Transformation writing - Make similar dialogues Môc ®Ých,yªu cÇu cña tõng phÇn I Pre (5-7/) T sets the scence ( use pictures, draw pictures ) Gi¸o viªn ph¶i chuÈn bÞ tr­íc : ®­a ra c¸c chñ ®Ò hoÆc t×nh huèng tr­íc khi häc sinh luyÖn nãi . Häc sinh cã thÓ th¶o luËn vÒ chñ ®Ò , cã thÓ tËp chung ý kiÕn vÒ chñ ®Ò . *Pre teach : Gi¸o viªn chuÈn bÞ tõ vùng vµ giíi thiÖu tõ míi, khi ®ã ph¶i h­íng häc sinh ®i vµo träng t©m bµi b»ng nhiÒu c¸ch . ( pictures, explanation , translation , antonym , symnonym, situation , realia , drawing , mime ... ) II : While ( 10 – 15 / ) Gi¸o viªn ®­a ra sù h­íng dÉn ®Ó häc sinh rÌn luyÖn kü n¨ng cña bµi thùc hµnh nãi , bao gåm : Instruction -> check §Çy lµ phÇn häc sinh cã thÓ dùa vµo gîi ý cña gi¸o viªn , c¸c th«ng tin cã trong s¸ch ®Ó rÌn luyÖn b»ng cÆp , b»ng nhãm hay c¸ nh©n . Gi¸o viªn theo dâi vµ gîi ý häc sinh tù ch÷a lçi vµ ®­a ra ph­¬ng ¸n ®óng . III : Post ( 7 -10 / ) Sau khi häc sinh luyÖn phÇn while, chóng ®­îc tù th¶o luËn . §©y lµ 1 ho¹t ®éng më réng gi¸o viªn cã thÓ ®æi kü n¨ng cña phÇn nµy ®Ó gióp häc sinh më réng kh¾c s©u kiÕn thøc mµ c¸c em võa míi luyÖn . Cã thÓ cho c¸c em viÕt hay tãm t¾t néi dung , sau ®ã yªu cÇu mét sè häc sinh ®¹i diÖn tr×nh bµy bµi tõng cÆp , nhãm cña m×nh , c¶ líp theo dâi vµ ch÷a lçi nÕu cã . Sau ®©y lµ 1 vµi minh ho¹ bµi thùc hµnh nãi trªn líp . VÝ dô 1 : Unit 5 :Study habits; lesson 2 :Speak Aim : To talk about sts/ study Objectives: By the end of this lesson the students will be able to talk about sts/ study Teaching aids: Books , pictures, posters, cards ... I – Organization : Class 8A 8B 8C Date of preparing Sts/absent II : Warm up : Brainstorming T divides the class in to 2 groups ( A $ B ) and write adverbs of frequency to answer the class questions Everyday twice a day How often How often T corrects and gives marks to 2 groups III : New lesson : Pre – Speaking * Tsets the scense : - Do you like English ? - Do you want to speak English fluently ? So, today we/re going to learn English in speaking skill T - Which subject do you like best ? Sts : I like ..... best . I want all ofn you to discuss which subject do you have problem with? T Elicits the tables in the book on page 48 1 st table : Are they questions or answers ? How many quesons are there ? - 2nd table : Are they answers or questions ? - How many answers ? T models with a student and write the table on the board Name When/ homework Who/help Howmuch time/ English Which subject What improve How often/ English Mai After chool Parents An hour English Speaking 3week lessons Teacher What/s your name ? When do you do your homework? Who helps you with your homework? How much time do you need to improve? - Which suject do you need to improve? - What do you do to improve your English ? How often do you learn English ? Student My name/s Mai I do my homework after school My parents I spend an hour on English I need to improve English I do grammar exercises Three times a week While speaking : * Survey : Sts copy the table on the notebook and ask their partner to complete the in formation. Sts work in pairs ( closed pairs ) Name When/homework Who/help How much time / English Which subject What/ improve Howoften/ English Nam After diner Bother Two hours Biology do exerci T. asks some pairs to speak in front of the class T. litens and corrects them all 3- Post speaking * Write it up Sts write about their partner/s study basing on the survey T models : She/s Mai . She does her homework after school. Her parents help her with her homework . She spends an hour on English . She needs to improve her English . She has to speak English everyday and do exercises to improve her English . She learns English three times a week IV - Summany Talk about Sts/ study V- Home work Sts complete their writing on the note books Prepare for unit 5 lesson 3 Evaluation VÝ dô 2 : Unint 16 inventions lesson 2 : Speak Aims : To talk about the Inventions all over the world Objectives : By the end of this lesson the students will be able to talk about the inventions Teaching aids : Books ,posters , cards , cues .... I – Organization Class Date of preparing teaching Ss/ absents II – Warm up: Kim/s game T: asks Ss to read the dialogue P148 about 3 minutes , and close the book - T devides the class into 2 groups A &B and write the sentences of passive voice. A The cacao beans are stored B - The beans are washed T corects and gives marks and gives the comments II – New lesson Pre – Speaking * Preteach : New words and phrases Reinforced concrete (n) bª t«ng cèt thÐp ( realia) Microphone (n) lß n­íng b»ng sãng vi ba ( explanation ) Loud speaker (n) loa ph¸t thanh ( translation ) Helicopter (n) phi c¬ trùc th¨ng ( picture ) Tsets the scence ( use picture P149 ) Who are they ? Whese are they ? What are they talking about ? T elicits the table P 150 ( Student A) Invention -------------------------Facsimile Reinforced concrote Microphone X-ray Loudspeaker Helicopter Color television Laser Date 1816 1845 1849 1878 1895 1924 1950 1955 1958 Inventor Friedrich Koenig Karl D. Sauerbronn Elias Howe C.W.Rice Igor Sikorsky Peter Carl Goldmark Narinder Kapany Gordon Gould Nationnality German American American American German American T asks ( models ) : When was the facsimile invented ? Sts/ answer : It was in vented in 1843 T - Who was it invented by ? S - By Alexander bain T runs through the table P 156 ( student B ) Invention Bicycle Facsimile Helicopter Microphone Optical fiber Printing Press Sewing machine ------------------- Date 1924 1816 1843 1939 1955 1810 1849 1895 Inventor C.W>Rice Gordon Gould Peter Carl Goldmark Alexander Bain D.E . Hunhes Friedrich Koening F.J monier Elias Howe Wilhelm Konarad Nationnnality German English American American French German Sts use two tables to complete the information T elicits more clearly about passive voice of the past tense S+ was/were + P2 + by 0 While speaking : Sts work in pairs ( closed pairs ) Example : S1 : When was the printing press invented? S2 : It was invented in 1810 S1 : who was it invented by ? S2 : By Friedrich Koenig ------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------ T calls some pairs to speak in front of the class T listens and corrects Ss/ mistakes 3- Post speaking * Write it up Sts read the complete table and report their finding to the class T devides class into two groups (A&B) and asks them to write the sentences A The facsimile was invented by Alexan der Bain in 1843 B T checks and gives marks for two groups IV – Summary: Talk about the invenions V- Homework Sts write about the inventions Prepare for the new lesson Unit 16 lesson 3 : Listen Evaluation : C- KÕt thóc vÊn ®Ò C¸c bµi thùc hµnh nãi t«i th­êng xuyªn ¸p dông cho c¸c khèi 8,9 . Nh×n chung häc sinh rÊt thÝch häc tiÕt nµy, giê d¹y ®¹t kÕt qu¶ cao, g©y ®­îc høng thó trong häc sinh . MÆc dï chuÈn bÞ mét bµi thùc hµnh nãi hiÖu qu¶ cao rÊt tèn thêi gian vµ c«ng søc, nh­ng t«i lu«n ®Çu t­ cho c«ng t¸c gi¶ng d¹y cña m×nh . Do ®ã mçi lÇn d¹y t«i lu«n lu«n cè g¾ng t×m tßi thªm c¸ch häc, biÕt nh÷ng kiÕn thøc khã , phøc t¹p ®Ó häc sinh ¸p dông kh«ng cøng nh¾c mµ nhø l©u , kh«ng g©y nhµm ch¸n . Bµi häc kinh nghiÖm Muèn cã kÕt qu¶ cao trong viÖc d¹y vµ häc th× c«ng viÖc chuÈn bÞ cña thÇy vµ trß lµ rÊt cÇn thiÕt . ThÇy ph¶i chuÈn bÞ c¸c gi¸o cô trùc quan nh­ : Pictures, posters cards , cues ,books ,realias ... vµ kÕt hîp víi viÖc chuÈn bÞ bµi ë nhµ cña c¸c em lµ v« cïng quan träng , tËp cho c¸c em x©y dùng cho m×nh mét vèn tõ ®Ó ¸p dông cho giê nãi . Trªn ®©y lµ mét vµi kinh nghiÖm nhá cña t«i trong viÖc gi¶ng d¹y mét bµi thùc hµnh nãi vµo c¸c tiÕt nãi ë líp 8,9 . Kinh nghiÖm nµy ch¾c ch¾n ch­a thùc sù hoµn thiÖn vµ ®¸p øng ®­îc trän vÑn nh÷ng yªu cÇu cÇn cã trong viÖc d¹y – häc TiÕng Anh . RÊt mong ®­îc sù ®ãng gãp x©y dùng cña b¹n bÌ , ®ång nghiÖp ®Ó ®Ò tµi ®­îc hoµn thiÖn h¬n . Tµi liÖu tham kh¶o Trong qu¸ tr×nh gi¶ng d¹y vµ thùc hiÖn ®Ò tµi nµy t«i ®· sö dông c¸c lo¹i s¸ch gi¸o khoa , s¸ch tham kh¶o sau : Teacher/s books class 6,7,8,9 Workbooks class 6,7,8,9 Grammar books Tham gia kho¸ häc båi d­ìng TiÕng Anh cña phßng gi¸o dôc Tham gia c¸c chuyªn ®Ò cña cum , huyÖn Thôy Duyªn, ngµy 27 th¸ng 5 n¨m 2007 Ng­êi viÕt: Vò Tung Kiªn