Khảo sát ảnh hưởng của quá trình xử lý đến chất lượng sản phẩm táo tươi cắt miếng

----------------------------------------- * denotes a statistically significant difference. 2.2.3 Kết quả thống kê ảnh hưởng của nồng đô acid ascorbic đến màu sắc và khối lượng ở các thời điểm khác nhau * Ngày 0 ANOVA Table for Gia tri L by Nong do Analysis of Variance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Between groups 495.52 4 123.88 19.25 0.0000 Within groups 353.951 55 6.43547 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total (Corr.) 849.47 59 Multiple Range Tests for Gia tri L by Nong do -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Method: 95.0 percent LSD Nong do Count Mean Homogeneous Groups -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 12 73.5483 X 1 12 78.7558 X 3 12 79.7792 X 2 12 79.9983 X 4 12 82.1658 X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contrast Difference +/- Limits -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 - 1 *-5.2075 2.0755 0 - 2 *-6.45 2.0755 0 - 3 *-6.23083 2.0755 0 - 4 *-8.6175 2.0755 1 - 2 -1.2425 2.0755 1 - 3 -1.02333 2.0755 1 - 4 *-3.41 2.0755 2 - 3 0.219167 2.0755 2 - 4 *-2.1675 2.0755 3 - 4 *-2.38667 2.0755 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * denotes a statistically significant difference. * Ngày 2 ANOVA Table for Gia tri L by Nong do Analysis of Variance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Between groups 434.863 4 108.716 19.26 0.0000 Within groups 310.413 55 5.64387 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total (Corr.) 745.275 59 Multiple Range Tests for Gia tri L by Nong do -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Method: 95.0 percent LSD Nong do Count Mean Homogeneous Groups -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 12 73.7292 X 1 12 77.9542 X 2 12 78.8675 XX 3 12 80.27 XX 4 12 81.6483 X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contrast Difference +/- Limits -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 - 1 *-4.225 1.94366 0 - 2 *-5.13833 1.94366 0 - 3 *-6.54083 1.94366 0 - 4 *-7.91917 1.94366 1 - 2 -0.913333 1.94366 1 - 3 *-2.31583 1.94366 1 - 4 *-3.69417 1.94366 2 - 3 -1.4025 1.94366 2 - 4 *-2.78083 1.94366 3 - 4 -1.37833 1.94366 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * denotes a statistically significant difference. ANOVA Table for Do giam khoi luong by Nong do Analysis of Variance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Between groups 0.35286 4 0.088215 1.36 0.3667 Within groups 0.3253 5 0.06506 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total (Corr.) 0.67816 9 Multiple Range Tests for Do giam khoi luong by Nong do -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Method: 95.0 percent LSD Nong do Count Mean Homogeneous Groups -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 2 0.93 X 4 2 0.95 X 3 2 1.115 X 1 2 1.335 X 0 2 1.38 X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contrast Difference +/- Limits -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 - 1 0.045 0.655677 0 - 2 0.45 0.655677 0 - 3 0.265 0.655677 0 - 4 0.43 0.655677 1 - 2 0.405 0.655677 1 - 3 0.22 0.655677 1 - 4 0.385 0.655677 2 - 3 -0.185 0.655677 2 - 4 -0.02 0.655677 3 - 4 0.165 0.655677 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * denotes a statistically significant difference. * Ngày 4 ANOVA Table for Gia tri L by Nong do Analysis of Variance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Between groups 676.186 4 169.046 77.10 0.0000 Within groups 122.786 56 2.19261 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total (Corr.) 798.972 60 Multiple Range Tests for Gia tri L by Nong do -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Method: 95.0 percent LSD Nong do Count Mean Homogeneous Groups -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 13 73.8038 X 1 12 79.93 X 2 12 80.4733 X 4 12 82.6225 X 3 12 82.7942 X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contrast Difference +/- Limits -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 - 1 *-6.12615 1.18747 0 - 2 *-6.66949 1.18747 0 - 3 *-8.99032 1.18747 0 - 4 *-8.81865 1.18747 1 - 2 -0.543333 1.21099 1 - 3 *-2.86417 1.21099 1 - 4 *-2.6925 1.21099 2 - 3 *-2.32083 1.21099 2 - 4 *-2.14917 1.21099 3 - 4 0.171667 1.21099 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * denotes a statistically significant difference. ANOVA Table for Do giam khoi luong by Nong do Analysis of Variance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Between groups 0.48594 4 0.121485 0.88 0.5383 Within groups 0.6937 5 0.13874 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total (Corr.) 1.17964 9 Multiple Range Tests for Do giam khoi luong by Nong do -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Method: 95.0 percent LSD Nong do Count Mean Homogeneous Groups -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 2 1.83 X 4 2 1.97 X 3 2 2.235 X 0 2 2.34 X 1 2 2.405 X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contrast Difference +/- Limits -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 - 1 -0.065 0.957488 0 - 2 0.51 0.957488 0 - 3 0.105 0.957488 0 - 4 0.37 0.957488 1 - 2 0.575 0.957488 1 - 3 0.17 0.957488 1 - 4 0.435 0.957488 2 - 3 -0.405 0.957488 2 - 4 -0.14 0.957488 3 - 4 0.265 0.957488 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * denotes a statistically significant difference. * Ngày 6 ANOVA Table for Gia tri L by Nong do Analysis of Variance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Between groups 466.759 4 116.69 27.75 0.0000 Within groups 231.263 55 4.20479 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total (Corr.) 698.023 59 Multiple Range Tests for Gia tri L by Nong do -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Method: 95.0 percent LSD Nong do Count Mean Homogeneous Groups -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 12 74.4 X 1 12 78.4783 X 2 12 79.4325 XX 3 12 80.465 X 4 12 82.9017 X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contrast Difference +/- Limits -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 - 1 *-4.07833 1.67766 0 - 2 *-5.0325 1.67766 0 - 3 *-6.065 1.67766 0 - 4 *-8.50167 1.67766 1 - 2 -0.954167 1.67766 1 - 3 *-1.98667 1.67766 1 - 4 *-4.42333 1.67766 2 - 3 -1.0325 1.67766 2 - 4 *-3.46917 1.67766 3 - 4 *-2.43667 1.67766 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * denotes a statistically significant difference. ANOVA Table for Do giam khoi luong by Nong do Analysis of Variance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Between groups 0.58654 4 0.146635 0.43 0.7861 Within groups 1.7237 5 0.34474 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total (Corr.) 2.31024 9 Multiple Range Tests for Do giam khoi luong by Nong do -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Method: 95.0 percent LSD Nong do Count Mean Homogeneous Groups -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 2 2.68 X 4 2 2.89 X 3 2 3.205 X 0 2 3.23 X 1 2 3.325 X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contrast Difference +/- Limits -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 - 1 -0.095 1.50931 0 - 2 0.55 1.50931 0 - 3 0.025 1.50931 0 - 4 0.34 1.50931 1 - 2 0.645 1.50931 1 - 3 0.12 1.50931 1 - 4 0.435 1.50931 2 - 3 -0.525 1.50931 2 - 4 -0.21 1.50931 3 - 4 0.315 1.50931 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * denotes a statistically significant difference. * Ngày 8 ANOVA Table for Gia tri L by Nong do Analysis of Variance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Between groups 400.856 4 100.214 20.77 0.0000 Within groups 265.36 55 4.82473 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total (Corr.) 666.216 59 Multiple Range Tests for Gia tri L by Nong do -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Method: 95.0 percent LSD Nong do Count Mean Homogeneous Groups -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 12 75.1275 X 1 12 77.6908 X 2 12 78.645 XX 3 12 79.8442 X 4 12 82.9942 X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contrast Difference +/- Limits -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 - 1 *-2.56333 1.79709 0 - 2 *-3.5175 1.79709 0 - 3 *-4.71667 1.79709 0 - 4 *-7.86667 1.79709 1 - 2 -0.954167 1.79709 1 - 3 *-2.15333 1.79709 1 - 4 *-5.30333 1.79709 2 - 3 -1.19917 1.79709 2 - 4 *-4.34917 1.79709 3 - 4 *-3.15 1.79709 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * denotes a statistically significant difference. ANOVA Table for Do giam khoi luong by Nong do Analysis of Variance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Between groups 1.04066 4 0.260165 0.61 0.6718 Within groups 2.1203 5 0.42406 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total (Corr.) 3.16096 9 Multiple Range Tests for Do giam khoi luong by Nong do -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Method: 95.0 percent LSD Nong do Count Mean Homogeneous Groups -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 2 3.45 X 4 2 3.535 X 3 2 4.025 X 1 2 4.15 X 0 2 4.23 X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contrast Difference +/- Limits -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 - 1 0.08 1.67396 0 - 2 0.78 1.67396 0 - 3 0.205 1.67396 0 - 4 0.695 1.67396 1 - 2 0.7 1.67396 1 - 3 0.125 1.67396 1 - 4 0.615 1.67396 2 - 3 -0.575 1.67396 2 - 4 -0.085 1.67396 3 - 4 0.49 1.67396 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * denotes a statistically significant difference. 2.3 Kết quả thống kê ảnh hưởng của NaHSO3, acid ascorbic, acid citric và NaCl đến màu sắc và độ giảm khối lượng 2.3.1 Màu sắc Analysis of Variance for Gia tri L - Type III Sums of Squares -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MAIN EFFECTS A:Hoa chat 1616.54 3 538.845 113.68 0.0000 B:Ngay 157.596 4 39.399 8.31 0.0000 INTERACTIONS AB 51.8007 12 4.31672 0.91 0.5370 RESIDUAL 1042.79 220 4.73994 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL (CORRECTED) 2868.72 239 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All F-ratios are based on the residual mean square error. Multiple Range Tests for Gia tri L by Hoa chat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Method: 95.0 percent LSD Hoa chat Count LS Mean Homogeneous Groups -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Citrric 60 75.498 X NaHSO3 60 80.3895 X NaCl 60 81.788 X Ascorbic 60 81.8397 X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contrast Difference +/- Limits -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ascorbic - Citrric *6.34167 0.783376 Ascorbic - NaCl 0.0516667 0.783376 Ascorbic - NaHSO3 *1.45017 0.783376 Citrric - NaCl *-6.29 0.783376 Citrric - NaHSO3 *-4.8915 0.783376 NaCl - NaHSO3 *1.3985 0.783376 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * denotes a statistically significant difference. Analysis of Variance for Gia tri L - Type III Sums of Squares -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MAIN EFFECTS A:Ngay 157.596 4 39.399 8.31 0.0000 B:Hoa chat 1616.54 3 538.845 113.68 0.0000 INTERACTIONS AB 51.8007 12 4.31672 0.91 0.5370 RESIDUAL 1042.79 220 4.73994 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL (CORRECTED) 2868.72 239 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All F-ratios are based on the residual mean square error. Multiple Range Tests for Gia tri L by Ngay -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Method: 95.0 percent LSD Ngay Count LS Mean Homogeneous Groups -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- N8 48 78.5742 X N6 48 79.5848 X N4 48 80.0298 X N2 48 80.1421 X N0 48 81.0631 X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contrast Difference +/- Limits -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- N0 - N2 *0.921042 0.875841 N0 - N4 *1.03333 0.875841 N0 - N6 *1.47833 0.875841 N0 - N8 *2.48896 0.875841 N2 - N4 0.112292 0.875841 N2 - N6 0.557292 0.875841 N2 - N8 *1.56792 0.875841 N4 - N6 0.445 0.875841 N4 - N8 *1.45562 0.875841 N6 - N8 *1.01063 0.875841 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * denotes a statistically significant difference. 2.3.2 Khối lượng Analysis of Variance for Do giam khoi luong - Type III Sums of Squares -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MAIN EFFECTS A:Hoa chat 0.587028 3 0.195676 1.15 0.3528 B:Ngay 65.5503 4 16.3876 96.41 0.0000 INTERACTIONS AB 1.78941 12 0.149117 0.88 0.5811 RESIDUAL 3.39945 20 0.169973 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL (CORRECTED) 71.3262 39 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All F-ratios are based on the residual mean square error. Multiple Range Tests for Do giam khoi luong by Hoa chat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Method: 95.0 percent LSD Hoa chat Count LS Mean Homogeneous Groups -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Citric 10 1.765 X Ascorbic 10 1.891 X NaCl 10 1.997 X NaHSO3 10 2.09 X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contrast Difference +/- Limits -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ascorbic - Citric 0.126 0.384602 Ascorbic - NaCl -0.106 0.384602 Ascorbic - NaHSO3 -0.199 0.384602 Citric - NaCl -0.232 0.384602 Citric - NaHSO3 -0.325 0.384602 NaCl - NaHSO3 -0.093 0.384602 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * denotes a statistically significant difference. Analysis of Variance for Do giam khoi luong - Type III Sums of Squares -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MAIN EFFECTS A:Ngay 65.5503 4 16.3876 96.41 0.0000 B:Hoa chat 0.587027 3 0.195676 1.15 0.3528 INTERACTIONS AB 1.78941 12 0.149117 0.88 0.5811 RESIDUAL 3.39945 20 0.169973 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL (CORRECTED) 71.3262 39 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All F-ratios are based on the residual mean square error. Multiple Range Tests for Do giam khoi luong by Ngay -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Method: 95.0 percent LSD Ngay Count LS Mean Homogeneous Groups -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 8 0.0 X 2 8 1.145 X 4 8 1.93375 X 6 8 3.0775 X 8 8 3.5225 X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contrast Difference +/- Limits -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 - 2 *-1.145 0.429999 0 - 4 *-1.93375 0.429999 0 - 6 *-3.0775 0.429999 0 - 8 *-3.5225 0.429999 2 - 4 *-0.78875 0.429999 2 - 6 *-1.9325 0.429999 2 - 8 *-2.3775 0.429999 4 - 6 *-1.14375 0.429999 4 - 8 *-1.58875 0.429999 6 - 8 *-0.445 0.429999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * denotes a statistically significant difference. 2.2.3 Kết quả thống kê ảnh hưởng của nồng đô NaHSO3, acid ascorbic, acid citric và NaCl đến màu sắc và khối lượng ở các thời điểm khác nhau * Ngày 0 ANOVA Table for Gia tri L by Hoa chat Analysis of Variance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Between groups 216.169 3 72.0563 53.53 0.0000 Within groups 59.2312 44 1.34616 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total (Corr.) 275.4 47 Multiple Range Tests for Gia tri L by Hoa chat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Method: 95.0 percent LSD Hoa chat Count Mean Homogeneous Groups -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Citrric 12 77.55 X NaHSO3 12 81.2175 X Ascorbic 12 82.6808 X NaCl 12 82.8042 X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contrast Difference +/- Limits -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ascorbic - Citrric *5.13083 0.954615 Ascorbic - NaCl -0.123333 0.954615 Ascorbic - NaHSO3 *1.46333 0.954615 Citrric - NaCl *-5.25417 0.954615 Citrric - NaHSO3 *-3.6675 0.954615 NaCl - NaHSO3 *1.58667 0.954615 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * denotes a statistically significant difference. * Ngày 2 ANOVA Table for Gia tri L by Hoa chat Analysis of Variance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Between groups 343.647 3 114.549 55.34 0.0000 Within groups 91.0804 44 2.07001 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total (Corr.) 434.727 47 Multiple Range Tests for Gia tri L by Hoa chat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Method: 95.0 percent LSD Hoa chat Count Mean Homogeneous Groups -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Citrric 12 75.8167 X NaHSO3 12 80.0542 X NaCl 12 82.0475 X Ascorbic 12 82.65 X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contrast Difference +/- Limits -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ascorbic - Citrric *6.83333 1.18377 Ascorbic - NaCl 0.6025 1.18377 Ascorbic - NaHSO3 *2.59583 1.18377 Citrric - NaCl *-6.23083 1.18377 Citrric - NaHSO3 *-4.2375 1.18377 NaCl - NaHSO3 *1.99333 1.18377 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * denotes a statistically significant difference. ANOVA Table for Do giam khoi luong by Hoa chat Analysis of Variance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Between groups 0.2399 3 0.0799667 0.77 0.5686 Within groups 0.4163 4 0.104075 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total (Corr.) 0.6562 7 Multiple Range Tests for Do giam khoi luong by Hoa chat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Method: 95.0 percent LSD Hoa chat Count Mean Homogeneous Groups -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ascorbic 2 0.96 X NaCl 2 1.045 X Citric 2 1.155 X NaHSO3 2 1.42 X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contrast Difference +/- Limits -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ascorbic - Citric -0.195 0.895702 Ascorbic - NaCl -0.085 0.895702 Ascorbic - NaHSO3 -0.46 0.895702 Citric - NaCl 0.11 0.895702 Citric - NaHSO3 -0.265 0.895702 NaCl - NaHSO3 -0.375 0.895702 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * denotes a statistically significant difference. * Ngày 4 ANOVA Table for Gia tri L by Hoa chat Analysis of Variance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Between groups 359.136 3 119.712 100.40 0.0000 Within groups 52.4644 44 1.19237 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total (Corr.) 411.601 47 Multiple Range Tests for Gia tri L by Hoa chat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Method: 95.0 percent LSD Hoa chat Count Mean Homogeneous Groups -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Citrric 12 75.42 X NaHSO3 12 80.5367 X Ascorbic 12 82.0367 X NaCl 12 82.1258 X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contrast Difference +/- Limits -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ascorbic - Citrric *6.61667 0.898433 Ascorbic - NaCl -0.0891667 0.898433 Ascorbic - NaHSO3 *1.5 0.898433 Citrric - NaCl *-6.70583 0.898433 Citrric - NaHSO3 *-5.11667 0.898433 NaCl - NaHSO3 *1.58917 0.898433 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * denotes a statistically significant difference. ANOVA Table for Do giam khoi luong by Hoa chat Analysis of Variance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Between groups 0.370238 3 0.123413 1.84 0.2796 Within groups 0.26775 4 0.0669375 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total (Corr.) 0.637988 7 Multiple Range Tests for Do giam khoi luong by Hoa chat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Method: 95.0 percent LSD Hoa chat Count Mean Homogeneous Groups -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Citric 2 1.795 X NaCl 2 1.795 X Ascorbic 2 1.84 X NaHSO3 2 2.305 X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contrast Difference +/- Limits -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ascorbic - Citric 0.045 0.718332 Ascorbic - NaCl 0.045 0.718332 Ascorbic - NaHSO3 -0.465 0.718332 Citric - NaCl 0.0 0.718332 Citric - NaHSO3 -0.51 0.718332 NaCl - NaHSO3 -0.51 0.718332 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * denotes a statistically significant difference. * Ngày 6 ANOVA Table for Gia tri L by Hoa chat Analysis of Variance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Between groups 442.078 3 147.359 109.08 0.0000 Within groups 59.4422 44 1.35096 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total (Corr.) 501.52 47 Multiple Range Tests for Gia tri L by Hoa chat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Method: 95.0 percent LSD Hoa chat Count Mean Homogeneous Groups -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Citrric 12 74.4483 X NaHSO3 12 80.4083 X NaCl 12 81.2525 X Ascorbic 12 82.23 X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contrast Difference +/- Limits -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ascorbic - Citrric *7.78167 0.956314 Ascorbic - NaCl *0.9775 0.956314 Ascorbic - NaHSO3 *1.82167 0.956314 Citrric - NaCl *-6.80417 0.956314 Citrric - NaHSO3 *-5.96 0.956314 NaCl - NaHSO3 0.844167 0.956314 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * denotes a statistically significant difference. ANOVA Table for Do giam khoi luong by Hoa chat Analysis of Variance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Between groups 1.53685 3 0.512283 1.59 0.3254 Within groups 1.2925 4 0.323125 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total (Corr.) 2.82935 7 Multiple Range Tests for Do giam khoi luong by Hoa chat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Method: 95.0 percent LSD Hoa chat Count Mean Homogeneous Groups -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Citric 2 2.545 X Ascorbic 2 2.99 X NaHSO3 2 3.01 X NaCl 2 3.765 X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contrast Difference +/- Limits -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ascorbic - Citric 0.445 1.57825 Ascorbic - NaCl -0.775 1.57825 Ascorbic - NaHSO3 -0.02 1.57825 Citric - NaCl -1.22 1.57825 Citric - NaHSO3 -0.465 1.57825 NaCl - NaHSO3 0.755 1.57825 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * denotes a statistically significant difference. * Ngày 8 ANOVA Table for Gia tri L by Hoa chat Analysis of Variance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Between groups 307.307 3 102.436 5.77 0.0020 Within groups 780.569 44 17.7402 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total (Corr.) 1087.88 47 Multiple Range Tests for Gia tri L by Hoa chat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Method: 95.0 percent LSD Hoa chat Count Mean Homogeneous Groups -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Citrric 12 74.255 X Ascorbic 12 79.6008 X NaHSO3 12 79.7308 X NaCl 12 80.71 X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contrast Difference +/- Limits -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ascorbic - Citrric *5.34583 3.46544 Ascorbic - NaCl -1.10917 3.46544 Ascorbic - NaHSO3 -0.13 3.46544 Citrric - NaCl *-6.455 3.46544 Citrric - NaHSO3 *-5.47583 3.46544 NaCl - NaHSO3 0.979167 3.46544 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * denotes a statistically significant difference. ANOVA Table for Do giam khoi luong by Hoa chat Analysis of Variance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Between groups 0.22945 3 0.0764833 0.22 0.8814 Within groups 1.4229 4 0.355725 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total (Corr.) 1.65235 7 Multiple Range Tests for Do giam khoi luong by Hoa chat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Method: 95.0 percent LSD Hoa chat Count Mean Homogeneous Groups -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Citric 2 3.33 X NaCl 2 3.38 X Ascorbic 2 3.665 X NaHSO3 2 3.715 X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contrast Difference +/- Limits -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ascorbic - Citric 0.335 1.65595 Ascorbic - NaCl 0.285 1.65595 Ascorbic - NaHSO3 -0.05 1.65595 Citric - NaCl -0.05 1.65595 Citric - NaHSO3 -0.385 1.65595 NaCl - NaHSO3 -0.335 1.65595 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * denotes a statistically significant difference. 2.4 Kết quả thống kê ảnh hưởng của các lần nhúng NaHSO3 đến mật số TVKHK, màu sắc và giá trị cảm quan 2.4.1 Màu sắc Analysis of Variance for Gia tri L - Type III Sums of Squares -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MAIN EFFECTS A:Lan nhung 6.7862 4 1.69655 1.56 0.1852 B:Ngay 104.997 4 26.2492 24.18 0.0000 INTERACTIONS AB 14.7711 16 0.923195 0.85 0.6274 RESIDUAL 244.297 225 1.08576 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL (CORRECTED) 370.851 249 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All F-ratios are based on the residual mean square error. Multiple Range Tests for Gia tri L by Lan nhung -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Method: 95.0 percent LSD Lan nhung Count LS Mean Homogeneous Groups -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 50 80.3294 X 4 50 80.4774 X 5 50 80.7048 X 2 50 80.7302 X 1 50 80.74 X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contrast Difference +/- Limits -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 - 2 0.0098 0.410666 1 - 3 0.4106 0.410666 1 - 4 0.2626 0.410666 1 - 5 0.0352 0.410666 2 - 3 0.4008 0.410666 2 - 4 0.2528 0.410666 2 - 5 0.0254 0.410666 3 - 4 -0.148 0.410666 3 - 5 -0.3754 0.410666 4 - 5 -0.2274 0.410666 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * denotes a statistically significant difference. Analysis of Variance for Gia tri L - Type III Sums of Squares -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MAIN EFFECTS A:Ngay 104.997 4 26.2492 24.18 0.0000 B:Lan nhung 6.7862 4 1.69655 1.56 0.1852 INTERACTIONS AB 14.7711 16 0.923195 0.85 0.6274 RESIDUAL 244.297 225 1.08576 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL (CORRECTED) 370.851 249 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All F-ratios are based on the residual mean square error. Multiple Range Tests for Gia tri L by Ngay -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Method: 95.0 percent LSD Ngay Count LS Mean Homogeneous Groups -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 50 79.4486 X 6 50 80.464 X 4 50 80.6638 X 2 50 81.0904 X 0 50 81.315 X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contrast Difference +/- Limits -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 - 2 0.2246 0.410666 0 - 4 *0.6512 0.410666 0 - 6 *0.851 0.410666 0 - 8 *1.8664 0.410666 2 - 4 *0.4266 0.410666 2 - 6 *0.6264 0.410666 2 - 8 *1.6418 0.410666 4 - 6 0.1998 0.410666 4 - 8 *1.2152 0.410666 6 - 8 *1.0154 0.410666 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * denotes a statistically significant difference. 2.4.2 Khối lượng Analysis of Variance for Do giam khoi luong - Type III Sums of Squares -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MAIN EFFECTS A:Lan nhung 0.624688 4 0.156172 2.73 0.0517 B:Ngay 72.5161 4 18.129 316.99 0.0000 INTERACTIONS AB 0.528872 16 0.0330545 0.58 0.8713 RESIDUAL 1.4298 25 0.057192 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL (CORRECTED) 75.0995 49 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All F-ratios are based on the residual mean square error. Multiple Range Tests for Do giam khoi luong by Lan nhung -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Method: 95.0 percent LSD Lan nhung Count LS Mean Homogeneous Groups -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 10 1.758 X 3 10 1.812 X 4 10 1.838 X 1 10 1.958 XX 5 10 2.068 X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contrast Difference +/- Limits -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 - 2 0.2 0.220269 1 - 3 0.146 0.220269 1 - 4 0.12 0.220269 1 - 5 -0.11 0.220269 2 - 3 -0.054 0.220269 2 - 4 -0.08 0.220269 2 - 5 *-0.31 0.220269 3 - 4 -0.026 0.220269 3 - 5 *-0.256 0.220269 4 - 5 *-0.23 0.220269 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * denotes a statistically significant difference. Analysis of Variance for Do giam khoi luong - Type III Sums of Squares -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MAIN EFFECTS A:Ngay 72.5161 4 18.129 316.99 0.0000 B:Lan rua 0.624688 4 0.156172 2.73 0.0517 INTERACTIONS AB 0.528872 16 0.0330545 0.58 0.8713 RESIDUAL 1.4298 25 0.057192 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL (CORRECTED) 75.0995 49 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All F-ratios are based on the residual mean square error. Multiple Range Tests for Do giam khoi luong by Ngay -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Method: 95.0 percent LSD Ngay Count LS Mean Homogeneous Groups -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 10 0.0 X 2 10 1.217 X 4 10 1.995 X 6 10 2.769 X 8 10 3.453 X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contrast Difference +/- Limits -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 - 2 *-1.217 0.220269 0 - 4 *-1.995 0.220269 0 - 6 *-2.769 0.220269 0 - 8 *-3.453 0.220269 2 - 4 *-0.778 0.220269 2 - 6 *-1.552 0.220269 2 - 8 *-2.236 0.220269 4 - 6 *-0.774 0.220269 4 - 8 *-1.458 0.220269 6 - 8 *-0.684 0.220269 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * denotes a statistically significant difference. 2.2.3 Kết quả thống kê ảnh hưởng của các lần nhúng NaHSO3 đến màu sắc và khối lượng ở các thời điểm khác nhau * Ngày 0 ANOVA Table for Gia tri L by Lan nhung Analysis of Variance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Between groups 5.45984 4 1.36496 0.82 0.5163 Within groups 74.4598 45 1.65466 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total (Corr.) 79.9197 49 Multiple Range Tests for Gia tri L by Lan nhung -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Method: 95.0 percent LSD Lan nhung Count Mean Homogeneous Groups -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 10 80.969 X 5 10 81.06 X 1 10 81.154 X 4 10 81.546 X 2 10 81.846 X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contrast Difference +/- Limits -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 - 2 -0.692 1.15865 1 - 3 0.185 1.15865 1 - 4 -0.392 1.15865 1 - 5 0.094 1.15865 2 - 3 0.877 1.15865 2 - 4 0.3 1.15865 2 - 5 0.786 1.15865 3 - 4 -0.577 1.15865 3 - 5 -0.091 1.15865 4 - 5 0.486 1.15865 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * denotes a statistically significant difference. * Ngày 2 ANOVA Table for Gia tri L by Lan nhung Analysis of Variance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Between groups 4.00489 4 1.00122 1.01 0.4136 Within groups 44.7137 45 0.993638 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total (Corr.) 48.7186 49 Multiple Range Tests for Gia tri L by Lan nhung ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Method: 95.0 percent LSD Lan nhung Count Mean Homogeneous Groups -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 10 80.77 X 5 10 80.785 X 2 10 81.169 X 4 10 81.208 X 1 10 81.52 X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contrast Difference +/- Limits -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 - 2 0.351 0.897866 1 - 3 0.75 0.897866 1 - 4 0.312 0.897866 1 - 5 0.735 0.897866 2 - 3 0.399 0.897866 2 - 4 -0.039 0.897866 2 - 5 0.384 0.897866 3 - 4 -0.438 0.897866 3 - 5 -0.015 0.897866 4 - 5 0.423 0.897866 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * denotes a statistically significant difference. ANOVA Table for Do giam khoi luong by Lan rua Analysis of Variance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Between groups 0.01786 4 0.004465 0.07 0.9893 Within groups 0.33355 5 0.06671 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total (Corr.) 0.35141 9 Multiple Range Tests for Do giam khoi luong by Lan rua -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Method: 95.0 percent LSD Lan rua Count Mean Homogeneous Groups -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 2 1.165 X 2 2 1.18 X 5 2 1.21 X 1 2 1.255 X 4 2 1.275 X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contrast Difference +/- Limits -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 - 2 0.075 0.663939 1 - 3 0.09 0.663939 1 - 4 -0.02 0.663939 1 - 5 0.045 0.663939 2 - 3 0.015 0.663939 2 - 4 -0.095 0.663939 2 - 5 -0.03 0.663939 3 - 4 -0.11 0.663939 3 - 5 -0.045 0.663939 4 - 5 0.065 0.663939 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * denotes a statistically significant difference. * Ngày 4 ANOVA Table for Gia tri L by Lan nhung Analysis of Variance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Between groups 4.41943 4 1.10486 1.40 0.2495 Within groups 35.5255 45 0.789457 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total (Corr.) 39.945 49 Multiple Range Tests for Gia tri L by Lan nhung -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Method: 95.0 percent LSD Lan nhung Count Mean Homogeneous Groups -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 10 80.364 X 2 10 80.445 X 3 10 80.499 X 1 10 80.858 X 5 10 81.153 X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contrast Difference +/- Limits -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 - 2 0.413 0.800317 1 - 3 0.359 0.800317 1 - 4 0.494 0.800317 1 - 5 -0.295 0.800317 2 - 3 -0.054 0.800317 2 - 4 0.081 0.800317 2 - 5 -0.708 0.800317 3 - 4 0.135 0.800317 3 - 5 -0.654 0.800317 4 - 5 -0.789 0.800317 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * denotes a statistically significant difference. ANOVA Table for Do giam khoi luong by Lan rua Analysis of Variance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Between groups 0.138 4 0.0345 0.42 0.7869 Within groups 0.40685 5 0.08137 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total (Corr.) 0.54485 9 Multiple Range Tests for Do giam khoi luong by Lan rua -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Method: 95.0 percent LSD Lan rua Count Mean Homogeneous Groups -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 2 1.865 X 2 2 1.88 X 3 2 1.97 X 1 2 2.1 X 5 2 2.16 X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contrast Difference +/- Limits -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 - 2 0.22 0.733271 1 - 3 0.13 0.733271 1 - 4 0.235 0.733271 1 - 5 -0.06 0.733271 2 - 3 -0.09 0.733271 2 - 4 0.015 0.733271 2 - 5 -0.28 0.733271 3 - 4 0.105 0.733271 3 - 5 -0.19 0.733271 4 - 5 -0.295 0.733271 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * denotes a statistically significant difference. * Ngày 6 ANOVA Table for Gia tri L by Lan nhung Analysis of Variance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Between groups 3.61256 4 0.90314 1.07 0.3815 Within groups 37.906 45 0.842356 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total (Corr.) 41.5186 49 Multiple Range Tests for Gia tri L by Lan nhung -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Method: 95.0 percent LSD Lan nhung Count Mean Homogeneous Groups -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 10 80.163 X 3 10 80.183 X 2 10 80.439 X 5 10 80.709 X 1 10 80.826 X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contrast Difference +/- Limits -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 - 2 0.387 0.826696 1 - 3 0.643 0.826696 1 - 4 0.663 0.826696 1 - 5 0.117 0.826696 2 - 3 0.256 0.826696 2 - 4 0.276 0.826696 2 - 5 -0.27 0.826696 3 - 4 0.02 0.826696 3 - 5 -0.526 0.826696 4 - 5 -0.546 0.826696 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * denotes a statistically significant difference. ANOVA Table for Do giam khoi luong by Lan rua Analysis of Variance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Between groups 0.41784 4 0.10446 2.33 0.1896 Within groups 0.22445 5 0.04489 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total (Corr.) 0.64229 9 Multiple Range Tests for Do giam khoi luong by Lan rua -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Method: 95.0 percent LSD Lan rua Count Mean Homogeneous Groups -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 2 2.5 X 3 2 2.64 XX 4 2 2.71 XX 1 2 2.92 XX 5 2 3.075 X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contrast Difference +/- Limits -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 - 2 0.42 0.544637 1 - 3 0.28 0.544637 1 - 4 0.21 0.544637 1 - 5 -0.155 0.544637 2 - 3 -0.14 0.544637 2 - 4 -0.21 0.544637 2 - 5 *-0.575 0.544637 3 - 4 -0.07 0.544637 3 - 5 -0.435 0.544637 4 - 5 -0.365 0.544637 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * denotes a statistically significant difference. * Ngày 8 ANOVA Table for Gia tri L by Lan nhung Analysis of Variance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Between groups 4.06059 4 1.01515 0.88 0.4813 Within groups 51.6916 45 1.1487 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total (Corr.) 55.7522 49 Multiple Range Tests for Gia tri L by Lan nhung -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Method: 95.0 percent LSD Lan nhung Count Mean Homogeneous Groups -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 10 79.106 X 3 10 79.226 X 1 10 79.342 X 2 10 79.752 X 5 10 79.817 X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contrast Difference +/- Limits -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 - 2 -0.41 0.965387 1 - 3 0.116 0.965387 1 - 4 0.236 0.965387 1 - 5 -0.475 0.965387 2 - 3 0.526 0.965387 2 - 4 0.646 0.965387 2 - 5 -0.065 0.965387 3 - 4 0.12 0.965387 3 - 5 -0.591 0.965387 4 - 5 -0.711 0.965387 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * denotes a statistically significant difference. ANOVA Table for Do giam khoi luong by Lan rua Analysis of Variance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Between groups 0.57986 4 0.144965 1.56 0.3154 Within groups 0.46495 5 0.09299 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total (Corr.) 1.04481 9 Multiple Range Tests for Do giam khoi luong by Lan rua -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Method: 95.0 percent LSD Lan rua Count Mean Homogeneous Groups -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 2 3.23 X 3 2 3.285 X 4 2 3.34 X 1 2 3.515 X 5 2 3.895 X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contrast Difference +/- Limits -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 - 2 0.285 0.783882 1 - 3 0.23 0.783882 1 - 4 0.175 0.783882 1 - 5 -0.38 0.783882 2 - 3 -0.055 0.783882 2 - 4 -0.11 0.783882 2 - 5 -0.665 0.783882 3 - 4 -0.055 0.783882 3 - 5 -0.61 0.783882 4 - 5 -0.555 0.783882 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * denotes a statistically significant difference.