SOURCING commune OFFICIALS AND CIVIL SERVANTS AS ETHNIC MINORITIES AT THE WESTERN HIGHLANDS PROVINCES AT PRESENT PERIOD

the present period, suggesting critical solutions for promoting the sourcing of the body of cadres as for 2020. * Task: Over-viewing research related to the subject; generalizing situation, features and roles of officials and civil servants and source of commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands; clarifying concept, content, manner and roles of sourcing commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands provinces; evaluating actual situation of source of and sourcing commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands; withdrawing reason of the actual situation, experiences and reality-related problems to be addressed; proposing main directions and solutions to promote the sourcing of commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands provinces as for 2020. 4 3. Objects and scope of research under the Dissertation * Objects of research: Sourcing commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands provinces. * Scope of research: Five provinces of the Western Highlands; period from the time when the Cadres Strategy at the period of industrialization and modernization was launched to now; directions and solutions as for 2020. 4. Reasoning, reality basis and method of research 4.1. Reasoning and reality basis * Reasoning basis: The Dissertation is performed relying on reasoning basis of the Marxism - Leninist, the Ho Chi Minh ideology and viewpoints of the Party in term of personnel work, personnel sourcing; succession of announced results of related scientific projects. * Reality basis: The Dissertation is researched from reality of building the body of cadres in general, sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands in particular, which have been presented at statistic reports and tables of the Party organizations, governments, unions and other related agencies, and result of direct inspection and survey. 4.2. Method of research under the Dissertation On the methodology basis of the Marxism - Leninist; research methods of jointed and specific sciences such as logic-history, analysis-synthesis, system, statistics-comparison, inspection, survey, reality summing-up and specialist interview are applied comprehensively. 5. New scientific contribution of the Dissertation - Clarifying concept, content and method for sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands provinces. - Withdrawing experiences and problems to be addressed in sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands provinces in the last years. - Suggesting two specific and feasible solutions to promote the sourcing of commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities as for 2020: Firstly, strengthening, developing and assigning detail jobs for the system of ethnic boarding schools, training and education institutions at the Western Highlands to participate in sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities. Secondly, building, strengthening and bringing into play the role 5 of the political systems at communes, reputed people in the ethnic minorities at hamlets and villages in sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities. 6. Real meanings of the Dissertation The Dissertation's research results can be used as references, helping the party executive committee to promote the sourcing of commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands. It is also used as references for researching and learning Building the Party in the system of Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics, provincial political schools, political training centers of districts. 7. The Dissertation's structure: Apart from Forewords, Conclusions, List of the author's scientific projects related to the subject, List of references and appendixes, main contents of the Dissertation include Overview on research situation in relation with the subject and three chapters and six items. 6 OVERVIEW RESEARCH SITUATION IN RELATION WITH THE SUBJECT I. RESEARCH PROJECTS IN VIETNAM 1.1. Researches in relation with personnel work and personnel sourcing in general Personnel work is described by various authors, affirming subject role, subject's responsibilities and method at each stage. They are available typically with books titled "Defining mechanism and standards of key leaders in the renovated political system" (1998) by Tran Xuan Sam (chief author) and "Scientific foundation for qualification improvement toward the body of officials at the stage of strengthening industrialization and modernization of the country" (2001) by Nguyen Phu Trong, Tran Xuan Sam. A Ministry-leveled Project (1998- 1999) "Reasoning and reality basis for determining content, training program for key grass- root officials at mountainous areas to meet revolutionary requirements at the present period" by Dr. Tran Ngoc Uan as owner. A State-leveled project (2002)-07 "Reasoning and reality basis for assessing, seconding leaders and managers in the period of industrialization and modernization of the country" is undertaken by Prof. Dr. Tran Dinh Hoan. Personnel sourcing is researched as a stage of the personnel work. Dr. Do Xuan Dinh (1998) in "Sourcing in personnel planning" (Seminar "Some problems on the work of personnel planning", Program KHXH.05), addresses two methods of sourcing: remote and direct. A project "Personnel sourcing at remote and special difficulty-suffering areas - reality and solutions" (KHBD (2009)-51) by MA. Tran Thi Huong and a Master Dissertation "Present sourcing the district-leveled leaders and managers at Bac Lieu province" (2010) by Tran Hoang Khai set up concept of source, sourcing; define contents of sourcing: finding, selecting, assessing, planning; training, fostering, managing; arranging and employing. 1.2. Researches in relation with commune-leveled cadres, ethnic minority cadres and sourcing ethnic minority cadres Setting up body of commune-leveled cadres that pertains to role of the political system is given attention by many scientists. It is available typically with books titled "Political system at grass-root level and social life democratization at mountainous and ethnic minority areas" by Nguyen Quoc Pham as Chief Author (National Political Publishing House, Hanoi, 2000); "Present political system at rural localities of our country" by Hoang Chi Bao (Political Reasoning Publishing House, Hanoi, 2005); Ministry-leveled scientific project 2007 "Setting up body of grass-root cadres under 5th Central Resolution (IX Session )" by Nguyen The Vinh, etc. 7 As determined by various authors, cadres as ethnic minorities are core of the personnel work at mountainous and ethnic areas. It is available with books titled "Building the body of cadres as ethnic minorities in our country at the period of strengthening industrialization and modernization - Foundations and solutions" (2005) by Le Thi Phuong Thao, Nguyen Cuc, Doan Hung (Political Reasoning Publishing House, Hanoi); "Present development of source of cadres as ethnic minorities at Northern mountainous provinces in our country" by Lo Quoc Toan (Political Publishing House, Hanoi, 2010), etc. 1.3. Researches in relation with the Western Highlands, ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands and sourcing cadres at the Western Highlands The Western Highlands and ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands with reality and tend of development are interpreted by many authors, such as books titled "Some reasoning and reality issues on nation and national relationship at the Western Highlands" (2005) and "Building and strengthening great national unity at the Western Highlands" (2008) by Truong Minh Duc (National Political Publishing House, Hanoi), "Culture, society and people at the Western Highlands" (2005) by Nguyen Tan Dac (Social Sciences Publishing House, Hanoi); "Some present issues on culture - society of ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands" (2010) by Duong Thi Huong, Do Dinh Hang and Dau Tuan Nam as chief co- authors (National Political Publishing House, Hanoi); "Village organizations and activities in sustainable development at the Western Highlands" (2010) by Bui Minh Dao (Social Sciences Publishing House, Hanoi). Sourcing, building the body of ethnic minority cadres at the Western Highlands are objects and targets of various projects. Typical books are titled "Psychological and cultural features of ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands affecting on building the body of ethnic minority cadres at present" by Nguyen Hong Son, and others articles in book titled "Building the body of cadres as ethnic minorities in our country at the period of strengthening industrialization and modernization - Foundations and solutions" (2005) by Le Thi Phuong Thao, Nguyen Cuc, Doan Hung (chief co-authors). Reality and solutions for sourcing commune cadres as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands are reflected by various authors. Typically, they are "Qualification improvement toward the human resource as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands" (2009) Seminar organized by Da Nang University, with speeches titled: "Some issues on qualification improvement toward human resource of cadres as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands" by Nguyen Ban, "The work of training, fostering and sourcing grass-root cadres of Kon Tum province - Reality and solutions" by Kon Tum Department of Home 8 Affairs; "Manner of tertiary education toward ethnic minorities through form of nomination" by Dr. Doan Gia Dung; "It is necessary to renovate method of education toward students as ethnic minorities" by Thai Thi Bich Van. The work of sourcing commune cadres on each locality of the Western Highlands is reflected with articles titled "Gia Lai attach much importance to training source cadres as ethnic minorities for grass-root level " by Tran Ngoc Chi (Party Building Magazine Online, 9- 9-2007); "Gia Lai: Recruiting graduates to work at locality - Results and experiences" by Tran Thiet (Party Building Magazine Online, 19-9-2011); "Sourcing the commune cadres at Lam Ha" by Viet Trong (Lam Dong Online, 26-12-2010); "Seven years of realizing Decision No.253/QD-TTg: "Commune cadres are 'rejuvenating' and 'standardizing' step by step" by Duc Hung (Lam Dong Online, 11-04-2012); "Results and experiences in realization of ethnic work on Dak Nong" by Tran Thanh Long (btd.daknong.gov.vn dated 15-11-2012); "Kon Plong district Party Committee training preparatory source cadres for grass-root level" by Huynh Trung Kim ((Party Building Magazine Online, 1-9-2006); "The work of national education improved qualitatively" and "Place of sourcing ethnic minority cadres" (Website of Dak Lak Department of Education and Training); "Dak Lak strengthen Party's leadership at rural areas, villages and population groups" by Nguyen Phu Lap (Party Building Magazine Online, 7-8- 2012), etc. These are actual researches pertaining to each specific locality. It is responsible for reviewing to general reasoning on sourcing officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities. 2. FOREIGN RESEARCH PROJECTS 2.1. Human resource (HR), HR quality and development are paid attention by Japanese authors like Mitokaza Aoki ("Japan-styled management principle" book, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi, 1993), Matsushita Konouke ("Personnel - key to success" book, Transport Publishing House, 1999); Yasuhiko Inoue ("Japan's experience on human resource development (HRD)" article, and so on. 2.2. Setting up body of officials and civil servants Laotian authors of articles titled "Present province-leveled personnel work in Lao People's Democratic Republic" by Unkeo Sipasot (Party Building Magazine Online, 24-8- 2009); "Breaking-through on personnel work" by Litthi Sisouvong (Party Building Magazine Online, 02-12-2011; Doctoral Dissertation titled "Renovating political grass-root system at rural areas of Laos at present" (2011) by La Chay Sinh Su Van, etc. all highlight that personnel work is solution for the political system's quality. 9 Chinese authors at Vietnamese Communist Party and Chinese Communist Party Reasoning Seminar: "Building the ruling Party - Experiences from Vietnam, experiences from China" (2004), mention various experiences in building the body of cadres. 2.3. Personnel sourcing issue An article titled "Originating from great task, toward long-term target, trying to build the body of qualified preparatory cadres" (Vietnamese Communist Party and Chinese Communist Party Reasoning Seminar: "Building the ruling Party - Experiences from Vietnam, experiences from China") by Chu Phuc Khoi author (Chinese) affirm that building the body of preparatory cadres is a strategic duty related to the great task toward long-term target. Its contents cover: recruiting, training, using and managing preparatory cadres. Overview shows that, on various aspects, such research projects have mentioned sourcing, building the body of cadres. However, neither scientific project research extensionally, systematically and comprehensively the sourcing of officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands provinces. 10 Chapter I SOURCING THE COMMUNE OFFICIALS AND CIVIL SERVANTS AS ETHNIC MINORITIES AT WESTERN HIGHLANDS PROVINCES REASONING AND REALITY ISSUES 1.1. COMMUNES AND SOURCES OF COMMUNE OFFICIALS AND CADRES OF ETHNIC MINORITIES AT THE WESTERN HIGHLANDS PROVINCES 1.1.1. Communes and ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands provinces 1.1.1.1. Overview on the Western Highlands The Western Highlands cover Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Dak Lak, Dak Nong and Lam Dong provinces, lying on the West Central region, where are populated with 5.2 million compatriots of 47 ethnic groups, of whom ethnic minorities account for 37.84%. The Western Highlands is rick of potential but also latent of instability, which is attributed either to inherent difficulties and complexity of a mountainous and border area with high rate of poor households, or that it is a strategic important area to which hostile forces are watching. Political instability from 2001 to now is resulted from communes where ethnic minorities populate. Instability prevention and sustainable economic and social development for the Western Highlands can only be performed when the political systems at communes are strengthened with the powerful body of officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities serving as hard core. 1.1.1.2. Political systems at communes of the Western Highlands The political systems at communes of the Western Highlands comprise of legally recognized organizations such as Party Committee, government, Vietnamese Fatherland Front and other political and social organizations (Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth's Union, Vietnamese Women's Union, Vietnamese Farmers' Union and Vietnamese Veterans' Association). The political systems at communes of the Western Highlands have been established since 1975 and are now stable in term of organization. Its structure and titles of officials and civil servants have been set up on the basis of general stipulation, but applied correspondingly with each commune. Operation quality of the political systems is not even, suitable with qualification of officials and civil servants as well as complexity of each area. Infrastructure, means of working, policy and regime for officials and civil servants have not met necessary demands of living and working. 11 1.1.1.3. Ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands * Features of ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands in relation with sourcing the commune officials and civil servants: Ethnic minorities are varied historically in complexity, more and more diversified in origins, plentiful in composition and full in quantity, with difference in residence area and lifestyle; culture of ethnic minorities of the Western Highlands are nationally characterized, unified in diversity as of cross-culture, long term development, traditional habits governing psychological life of the local people which is featured either progressive or negative and backward; Knowledge improvement is ongoing by ethnic minorities meanwhile cultural standard is still restrictedly generally; some ethnic minorities are emerging economically, but majority has not released from poverty due to backward habits of cultivation and psychology of relying on favor of the State. * Role of ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands: Ethnic minorities are long-term occupiers of the Western Highlands, who have created, developed and preserved cultural value of the Western Highlands; ethnic minorities have contributed significantly to the history of country establishment and dependence of the Vietnam nation and are a powerful and effective force of protecting and maintaining critical border areas of the Fatherland; Ethnic minorities are important social force that are involving in construction and development of the Western Highlands. 1.1.2. Commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities and sources of officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands 1.1.2.1. Commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands * Concept Commune officials of ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands are ethnic minorities who are elected to the office in term in Standing Party Committee, People's Council, People's Committee, heads of political and social organizations in the political systems at communes of the Western Highlands, including: secretary, deputy secretary of the Party Committee, Chairman, Vice Chairman of People's Council; Chairman, Vice Chairman of People's Committee; Chairman of Vietnamese Fatherland Front; Secretary of Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth's Union, Chairwoman of Vietnamese Women's Union; Chairman of Vietnamese Farmers' Union, Chairman of Vietnamese Veterans' Association. Commune civil servants of ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands are ethnic minorities who are employed to hold professional titles affiliated to commune people's committees at the Western Highlands such as Chief of Public Security, Military Commander, 12 Office - Statistics; Land office - Agriculture - Construction and Environment, Financing - Accounting; Justice - Registry; Culture - Society. * Features of officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands They are rather significant, somewhere their structure is corresponding to composition and quantity of ethnic minorities on the locality; qualification and competence are gradually improved in an effort to meet criteria requirements for officials and civil servants at mountainous area as required, but they also show inadequateness toward requirements of new political tasks; they are clearly characterized with traditional psychology and culture, pertaining to and reputed with the community, but still impacted with backward and negative habits during the course of performance; working at such area is complicated and suffered from pressure from various sides (life condition; hostile forces; national habits; social disputes, etc.), thus mistake is potentially high. * Role of the body of officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands: Commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities are those who contribute to and directly organize for people, specially ethnic minorities to realize guidelines and policies of the Party and the State at commune level; commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities are those who affect importantly and positively on such ethnic minorities; officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities create balance and harmony in term of performance quality of the local political system. 1.1.2.2. Source of commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands * Concept: Source of commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands are the body of ethnic minorities who are detected, recruited, improved and prepared being ready for election, employment and appointment to titles of officials and civil servants at the Western Highlands. * Classification of source of commune officials and civil servants: Near source (direct source, adjacent source) are those who are within the planning of the party executive committee, pertaining to specific titles with appropriate (or nearly appropriate) criteria and conditions with their planned criteria, and can put rightly into a list of election and appointment whenever it has demand of arranging and strengthening the body of officials and civil servants. Far source (long-term source) are those who are intentionally directed in the planning of source officials and civil servants, but not pertained to specific titles, further investment should be given to training and fostering them to meet titles' criteria. 13 * Role of the source of commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands: The source of commune officials and civil servants are the body of those who are prepared for being ready to be added to the body of officials and civil servants, thus quantity, structure and qualification of the source of officials and civil servants are critical factors in deciding quantity, structure and qualification of the body of officials and civil servants; the near source comprises mostly of responsible and semi-responsible officials and civil servants in office, who are daily and directly contributing to performance quality of the political system; the far source is prospect of the body of officials and civil servants, as well as a factor that actively affect on development of the current body of officials and civil servants. 1.2. SOURCING THE COMMUNE OFFICIALS AND CIVIL SERVANTS AS ETHNIC MINORITIES AT THE WESTERN HIGHLANDS PROVINCES - CONCEPT, MANNER AND ROLE 1.2.1. Concept Sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands provinces is a task in the grass-root personnel work of local party executive committees, a process comprising of works from setting up standards, source regime to detection, recruitment, training, planning, seconding, placing and using the source for the political system in order to create the body of ethnic minorities qualified for election, employment and appointment to commune officials and civil servants. * Object of sourcing is to build up the body of ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands, who are qualified for election, employment and appointment to commune officials and civil servants. * Requirements of sourcing is to perform actively with scientific and careful plan, for short-term and long-term object; to direct to various groups of candidates, basing on functions and tasks of the apparatus to determine candidates to be sourced; it must be assured dynamically and publically when sourcing; with "in-coming" and "out-coming" when planning; quantity, mechanism and appropriate standard of sourcing are targeted; guidelines and policies for souring must be public, transparent and clearly oriented. * Subjects and forces involving in sourcing commune officials and civil servants - Subjects of sourcing: Sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities is responsibility of the Party, from central level to grass-root one, but directly of Province Party Committee, District Party Committee and Commune Party Committee at the Western Highlands. 14 - Forces involving in sourcing: State agencies at central level and Western Highlands provinces; official training institutions of the Party, the State, unions, sectors and fields; Vietnamese Fatherland Front, political and social organizations and other social associations. * Objects to be sourced as officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities - Far objects: Pupils, student, young laborers, youths demobilized from armed force, members of public unions; irresponsible cadres at communes, hamlets and villages. - Near objects: Officials and civil servants, irresponsible cadres at communes, hamlets and villages; teachers at secondary education, officers, non-commissioned officers of military, young and prospective officials and civil servants who are working at district level. 1.2.2. Contents and methods for sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands Including: Setting up standard and mechanism for souring the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands; education and training development, intellectual standard improvement, nurturing talents at ethnic minorities for the far source and strengthening training and knowledge improvement for the near source; through public movements to detect and foster source and admit new Party members for sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities; attracting candidates to be sourced as commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities to admit to organizations of the grass- root political system, mobilizing, seconding and arranging placement with different working positions for purpose of training and fostering source; planning source of commune cadres as ethnic minorities with each title; implementing supporting policies for sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities. 1.2.3. Role of sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands It is a first-ranked stage for the process of qualification improvement for commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands; helping the Party Executive Committee to take the initiative in selecting, appointing, arranging commune officials and civil servants sufficiently in quantity, adequately in quality and mechanism; and assuring consecutive transit to meet requirements at work; influencing performance quality of the political systems at communes, especially leadership and fighting strength of Party organizations at rural areas; contributing significantly to development of ethnic minorities, strengthening great national unity at the Western Highlands. 15 Chapter 2 PRESENT SOURCE OF AND SOURCING THE COMMUNE OFFICIALS AND CIVIL SERVANTS AS ETHNIC MINORITIES AT THE WESTERN HIGHLANDS PROVINCES - REALITY, REASON, EXPERIENCE AND PROBLEMS TO BE ADDRESSED 2.1. PRESENT REALITY OF THE SOURCE OF THE COMMUNE OFFICIALS AND CIVIL SERVANTS AS ETHNIC MINORITIES AT THE WESTERN HIGHLANDS PROVINCES 2.1.1. Strong points: The near source is mostly the body of officials and civil servants and irresponsible cadres. Some of them have high qualification and good conduct, who are teachers of secondary education and preparatory officials as ethnic minorities, employed in accordance with the local plan of sourcing officials and civil servants. Mostly the far source comprises of pupils, students, demobilized soldiers, members of political and social unions and laborers who are living at the Western Highlands. Many near sources gather factors of political quality, conduct, lifestyle and repute in the public, especially tended to development; competence in all kinds are improved gradually, even beyond standard in some places. 2.1.2. Restrictions: Mechanism and proportion of the source of officials and civil servants are not correlative as compared to the national mechanism and population proportion. Number of the far source is instable. Source officials and civil servants who are working at hamlets and villages are restricted in term of qualification and skills, with less potential for development. Some source cadres who have been trained in regular form can not meet requirements of works. Source cadres who have not been trained professionally and source officials who have not been trained in political reasoning account for high proportion. 2.2. PRESENT REALITY OF SOURCING THE COMMUNE OFFICIALS AND CIVIL SERVANTS AS ETHNIC MINORITIES AT THE WESTERN HIGHLANDS 2.2.1. Strong points: Detailing standards and mechanism for sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities have been implemented step by step. The career of education, training, intellectual standard improvement and talent nurture at the ethnic minorities have been invested, maintained and developed; training and improving knowledge in all fields for the source of officials and civil servants have been implemented positively, created significant contributions to standardize the near source, made it based for standardizing the far source. Via the public movements, many active objects are found, fostered and admitted 16 to the Party. Attracting the source of ethnic minorities to organizations; mobilizing, seconding and arranging placement to titles of officials and civil servants and irresponsible cadres, preparatory officials have been gradually in good order. Planning the source of officials and civil servants for party executive committee and key titles in the political systems at communes has been performed seriously with right method. Some policies for sourcing support have resulted in significant effect, especially ones for nominating for recruiting, training and developing sources. 2.2.2. Restrictions: Majority of localities have not built title criteria for the source of commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities. Training and fostering source have not met demand of standardization. At some places, setting up environment for drilling, finding source, developing new Party members as ethnic minorities for the target of sourcing have been implemented passively. Attracting, receiving, mobilizing, seconding and arranging highly qualified officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities to organizations of the political systems at communes for the target of sourcing the commune officials and civil servants have been restricted in quantity, doubtful in target and manner. Adequate attention has not given to planning the far source. Treatment policy has not met demand of sourcing. 2.2.3. Reason, experience and problems to be addressed 2.2.3.1. Reason Reason of strong points: Awareness of various levels of subjects and objects to be sourced varies actively. Significant attentions are given to leadership, conduction and support to sourcing by the Party, the State, party executive committees and local governments. The machinery that directly realizes contents of sourcing is plentiful, diversified and invested for standardizing and bringing into play roles and responsibilities. Guidelines and policies of the Party and the State support development at the ethnic minorities, facilitate sourcing. Activeness and self-awareness of objects to be sourced are important internal dynamics for promoting rapid sourcing and sustainable efficiency. Reason of restrictions: General awareness of subjects and objects to be sourced in term of sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities is still restricted somewhere. The process of deploying and realizing some guidelines and policies of the Party, the State for economic and social development at the Western Highlands, for setting up grass- root political system, establishing the body of officials and civil servants, of which is sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities has not been performed completely and evenly. The machinery and body of cadres who work at sourcing are limited in 17 some aspects. Mechanism and policy have not met requirements for promoting in sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at remote and difficulty-suffering areas. Activeness and self-awareness of major objects to be sourced are not high. 2.2.3.2. Present experience in sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands - It should have right and sufficient awareness on sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands to make it based for realizing sourcing pertained to actual situation and for bringing into play role of participatory forces. - Party executive committees and government have serious determination in building guidelines, conducting, operating, managing and smoothly collaborating with forces who are sourcing. - Resources from the State and the society are used effectively for sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities. - Specific content of sourcing is frequently supervised and checked; reviews for experience and timely adjustment are seriously performed for the target of sourcing. 2.3.3.2. Present problems to be addressed Firstly, criteria regulations on qualifications of commune officials and civil servants at mountainous areas are not suitable with intellectual standards and requirements of political tasks at the Western Highlands. Secondly, long-term and scattered support for the ethnic minorities from the Party and the State is creating psychology of relying among some parts of ethnic minorities in the Western Highlands. Thirdly, it is lack of adequate support for replacing commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities restricted in qualification and competence with qualified source ones. Fourthly, the local source of commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities is limited in qualification, meanwhile external source is qualified but do not keep peace in mind for long-term working at communes. 18 Chapter 3 MAIN DIRECTIONS AND SOLUTIONS TO SPEED UP SOURCING THE COMMUNE OFFICIALS AND CIVIL SERVANTS AS ETHNIC MINORITES AT THE WESTERN HIGHLANDS PROVINCES AS FOR 2020 3.1. FORECAST ON IMPACTING FACTORS AND DIRECTIONS FOR SOURCING THE COMMUNE OFFICIALS AND CIVIL SERVANTS AS ETHNIC MINORITES AT THE WESTERN HIGHLANDS PROVINCES AS FOR 2020 3.1.1. Forecast on factors impacting on sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at The Western Highlands in the coming time 3.1.1.1. Advantage factors: Many guidelines, policies of the Party, State on stimulating economically and socially comprehensive development at the Western Highlands are continued deploying. Many positive changes in term of economy and society are ongoing among the ethnic minorities. Development of communication information system continues to impact positively on young generation of ethnic minorities. 3.1.1.2. Difficulties, challenges: Difficulties on living condition and working environment of the Western Highlands have not been solved. Problems, weak points and negativeness in economic and social management of the State agencies at the Western Highlands affect on sentiment and faith of the compatriots. Poverty of the ethnic minorities, that has great effect on physical and mental development of youth population, has not been controlled yet. Activities of religions occur intricately; counteraction by hostile forces makes the Western Highlands be potential with risks. 3.1.2. Directions, targets, orientating opinions to motivate sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands as for 2020 3.1.2.1. Directions: Continuing to speed up sourcing the commune official and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands to meet requirements of qualification improvement of the grass-root political systems. Promoting roles and responsibilities of the political systems, social institutions and forces for the work of sourcing. Innovating the methods of sourcing. Regularly reviewing for withdrawing experiences so that the sourcing is in right guidelines and policies of the Party and suitable with reality of the ethnic minority and mountainous area of the Western Highlands. 3.1.2.2. Targets: Through sourcing, the qualification of commune officials and civil servants is improved. The number of officials and civil servants becomes plentiful, the 19 structure diversified. The sources are stable to assure for executive committees, authorities, unions to actively elect, appoint and recruit officials and civil servants when necessary. 1.1.2.3. Orienting opinions to stimulate sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands Firstly, commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities are decisive factors for failure or success of the socio-economic development at the Western Highlands, key elements in building the Party at areas where ethnic minorities are populating. Secondly, sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities must start from the strategy of socio- economic development, national defence and security maintenance at the Western Highlands. Thirdly, sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities must base on economic, political, cultural characteristics at the Western Highlands, features of ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands; promoting solidarity block of ethnic groups; treating well talents, not discrimination in races, religions, internal or external sources. Fourthly, integrating the sourcing of commune officials, civil servants as ethnic minorities into building the fair and powerful political system at commune. Fifthly, through real activities and revolutionary movements of ethnic minority people, enhancing intellectual standard, developing qualified human resources to recruit, educate, improve and train sources. Sixthly, executive committees unify to lead sourcing and manage sources according to the principle of democratic concentration, promotion of responsibilities of organizations and their heads in the political systems at all levels. 3.2 MAIN SOLUTIONS TO STIMULATE SOURCING THE COMMUNE OFFICIALS AND CIVIL SERVANTS AS ETHNIC MINORIIES AT THE WESTERN HIGHLANDS PROVINCES AS FOR 2020 3.2.1. Enhancing awareness, responsibilities of subjects and forces participating in sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities Speeding up political and thinking education to enhance awareness and responsibilities of subjects, participatory forces and objects to be sourced. Paying attention to leading and directing cultural, informatics and communicational agencies to propaganda the sourcing of commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minority. Motivating and stimulating levels, institutions and people at all levels to participate in sourcing the officials and civil servants. Launching targets of sourcing at schools on the Western Highlands. 20 3.2.2. Innovating implementation of contents and methods of sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities 3.2.2.1. Concretizing standards and structure of the source of commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands on the basis of standards of commune officials and civil servants in mountainous area; associating with political task requirements, conditions and development trend of locality. 3.2.2.2. Actively planning the far source, planning commune civil servants as ethnic minorities according to each title on the basis of local conditions and demands, demands of objects, capacity to source of levels and industries. Planning the near source for civil servants requires concrete guidelines and instructions form superiors; planning the sourcing strictly; defining concretely, transparently and publically objects and scope of planning; frequently checking, adjusting and supplementing. 3.2.2.3. Enhancing secondment of officials in association with targets of sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic group. Arranging, seconding preparatory civil servants, irresponsible cadres in different professional positions. Secondment pertains strictly to planning. Employing experienced officials and civil servants as trainers for secondment source, pertaining responsibilities of the secondment sources in self-training with taking part in training source officials and civil servants at destination. 3.2.2.4. Innovating supporting policies of sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities in the direction of further support only, but no total subsidy; supporting candidates who are really capable for development; supporting when necessary for decisive steps. Supporting agencies and units who directly participate in sourcing. Evaluating effectiveness of the sourcing policy, finding out problems to be solved. 3.2.3. Enhancing, developing, assigning concrete responsibilities to the system of ethnic boarding schools and education and training institutions at the Western Highlands to participate in sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities. To source far and stably officials and civil servants as ethnic minority, it should invest material facilities, innovate management methods, content of training program for ethnic minority schools. Regularly improving, training and enhancing competence for officials and teachers. Enhancing supports at class and management of officials and teachers. Enhancing input quality of ethnic minority pupils. Innovating content of sourcing the officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities in the political training system at district level, political schools at 21 province level, professional schools of ministries, industries. Paying attention to skills of leadership and operation at organizations in the political system; skills of propagandizing, mobilizing the public; dealing with political situations. Narrowing or enlarging some contents of sourcing the commune civil servants appropriately with task requirements. Developing well continuation education, combining standardization of education level with one of political - administrative arguments in the same training period to speed up standard training for some officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities. 3.2.4. Building, enhancing and promoting roles of the political systems at communes, reputed people in the ethnic minorities at hamlets and villages in sourcing the commune officials and civil servant as ethnic minorities Building commune party committees, commune-affiliated party cells to be fair and powerful. Building commune government that is truly of people, because of people and for people; operates synchronously in harmony and in right function, tasks and effectively. Building political, social Front and unions powerfully, combining with goals of sourcing officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities in mass movement. Promoting roles of ethnic minority community, especially reputed forces in implementing contents of sourcing; linking responsibilities with interests of reputed people in supervising source standard implementation; detecting, training excellent people; proposing and supervising policy of sourcing support. 3.2.5. Investing in economic and social development, poverty alleviation, enhancing the quality of population, maintaining political stability in regions where ethnic minorities are populating at the Western Highlands, creating a positive social environment for sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities Investing in economic and social development and sustainable poverty alleviation are solutions impacting positively on sourcing the officials and civil servants effectively and in long term. Developing education - training, health, culture - society to contribute to enhance knowledge, train talents, stabilize population quality, and promote cultural tradition of ethnic groups. Maintaining social order, safety, political security in border areas, regions where ethnic minorities are populating, and religious regions to maintain stability and sustainability at the Western Highlands. 3.2.6. Enhancing roles of the Western Highlands Steering Committees in coordination with central institutions located on the region; innovating leadership methods of executive committee at provinces for sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minority at the Western Highlands 22 The Western Highlands Steering Committees research, advise and propose with the Central institutions on mechanisms, policies, solutions for economic - social development at the Western Highlands; create bases to stimulate sourcing the officials and civil servants advantageously; grasp information, contribute opinions, organize and coordinate with provinces and central boards, ministries and industries to create an united apparatus in executing targets related to sourcing the officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities of the Western Highland political system. Party committees at levels complete institutional system for sourcing; build up professional advisor forces; enhance supervision, inspection, direction in time of building and implementing of guidelines, projects, plans for sourcing the commune officials and civil servants in levels; regularly evaluate, learn from experiences. 23 CONCLUSIONS 1. The Western Highlands is an area with strategic and important geographical - political location, containing lots of development potentials, and also an area with many difficulties and instabilities. The Western Highlands need a strong political system, especially at communes where ethnic minorities are living. Commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands play an important role for the commune political system. To make the body qualified, sourcing should be given with attention and done well. 2. Sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands is a task in the personnel work at grass-root level of local executive committees and party committees, a process including works from build up standard, source structure to detection, selection, training, improvement, planning, alternation, distribution and usage of sources for political system to source the body of ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands, who are qualified for being elected, recruited, appointed to commune officials and civil servants. 3. In recent time, sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities has not only progress and strong points, but also restrictions and problems. The important reason is closely related to responsibilities of executive committees, governments and coordination of forces in sourcing. 4. To successfully implement sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands, systematic and specific solutions should be performed. Of which, it is especially focussed on reinforcing, developing and assigning specific responsibilities to the ethnic boarding-schools system, education and training institutions at the Western Highlands to participate in sourcing; building up, reinforcing, promoting roles of the political systems at communes, reputed people in ethnic minorities at hamlets and villages. 24 LIST OF THE AUTHOR'S SCIENTIFIC PROJECTS RELATED TO THE SUBJECT 1. Truong Thi Bach Yen (2006), "Ho Chi Minh Ideology and the Party's viewpoints on building cadre criteria", Reasoning Life Magazine, edition 4-2006. 2. Truong Thi Bach Yen (2007), "Effects from the model of "hamlet core cadres" at Huong Giang mountainous commune", Public Relation Magazine, edition 11-2007. 3. Truong Thi Bach Yen (2007), "Standardizing the body of cadres at all levels of the Party", Party Buiding Magazine, 12-2007 4. Truong Thi Bach Yen (2009), "Model of appointing border officers to Standing Vice Secretaries of the Party Executive Committees at borderland and mountainous communes of Quang Tri" Party Buiding Magazine, edition 3-2009. 5. Truong Thi Bach Yen (2009), "Solving mechanism-related issues in standardizing the body of cadres", Party Buiding Magazine, edition 11-2009. 6. Truong Thi Bach Yen (2011), "Sourcing for developing the Party members as religioners at Kon Tum city", Party Buiding Magazine Online, 9-4-2011. 7. Truong Thi Bach Yen (2011), "Planning for sourcing the commune-leveled cadres at Tuy Duc (Dak Nong) - Problems to be addressed", Party Buiding Magazine Online, 22-11-2011. 8. Truong Thi Bach Yen (2012), "Breaking down barriers for sucessful secondment", Party Buiding Magazine, edition 6-2012. 9. Truong Thi Bach Yen (2013), “Further awareness on sourcing cadres”, Reasoning Life Magazine, edition 5 (10-2013). 10. Truong Thi Bach Yen (2013), “Sourcing commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands”, Party Buiding Magazine, edition 10-2013