Tích hợp membrane vào bioreactor để nâng cao hiệu suất thu nhận bioethanol
Mục lục Danh mục bảng Danh mục hình Chương 1: Mở đầu 1.1 Tính cấp thiết của đề tài 1.2 Nội dung của đồ án Chương 2: tổng quan về Membrane 2.1 Giới thiệu về membrane 2.2 Màng lọc membrane 2.2.1 Cấu trúc membrane 2.2.2 Vật liệu membrane 2.3 Cơ chế hoạt động của membrane 2.3.1 Mô hình lý thuyết cơ chế thấm của membrane 2.3.2 Sự tích tụ tập trung của lưu chất trên membrane 2.3.3 Quá trình tắc nghẽn và làm sạch membrane 2.4 Dự đoan và cải tiến dòng thấm 2.4.1 Mô hình dự đoán dòng thấm 2.4.2 Cải tiến dòng thấm và điều khiển sự tắc nghẽn 2.5 Thách thức và ứng dụng công nghệ membrane 2.5.1 Thách thức hiện tại của công nghệ membrane 2.5.2 Ứng dụng nổi bật và quy trình hỗn hợp của công nghệ membrane Chương 3: Membrane trong công nghệ sản xuất Bioethanol 3.1 Bioreactor và công nghệ pervaporation 3.1.1 Bioreactor 3.1.2 Công nghệ pervaporation 3.2 Thiết kế membrane bioreactor (MBR) 3.2.1 Thiết kế membrane phản ứng xúc tác (catalytic membrane reactors) 3.2.2 Membrane module trong công nghệ pervaporation 3.2.3 Kết hợp membrane module với bioreactor trong quy trình PV 3.3 Sản xuất bioethanol từ bioreactor/hệ thống pervaporation 3.3.1 Giai đoạn trích ly ethanol trong hệ thống lên men liên tục/pervaporation 3.3.2 Giai đoạn tinh luyện ethanol lên nồng độ cao trên 99% bằng hệ thống pervaporation Chương 4: Kết luận Tài liệu tham khảo
Bạn đang xem trước 20 trang tài liệu Tích hợp membrane vào bioreactor để nâng cao hiệu suất thu nhận bioethanol, để xem tài liệu hoàn chỉnh bạn click vào nút DOWNLOAD ở trên
H@H=M
I KCD >h OfIC >CI G>
%dIC
R61 1L29=L 9=A*87:*<276
p>qDH>¬<LP^OMdICK@MQ<KJM<ODJI=<JB H
1DcPOC«InIBGwªIBOCK
(CiIBN°?«IBChCO FCiIB=iICDH
!gIBOCHKCD?=<TCuD ¨qDPFDICJ}Oq£IB
C®>InIBq£>GK>¬COGIB>_I=IB
%<DGJ}DLPTOMdICK@MQ<KJM<ODJI
-@MQ<KJM<ODJI OC@JH G]H£O C OCIB quI BDI MO GDIC CJ}O OPT
ICDcIq QIC]IC>
I>h H£O =>C®CDH?DI Of>C G¤I >CDKCfS_T
?²IB>ODcPOC«MOfO InIBGwªIB CJ}O
LJ ! 9f $ !
q£IB OO ICO Q¤D ?gIB ICK GDP >C®CO InIB NPO ><J
-C<
CuD K@MH@>CJQ]JOM²>ODK>£O>CwIB>OCJ>?gIB>CO
MICg<O<I
CdIC
R61 W1R61+2=-26; <1i59=*5K60,*,1i<460
IB ?«IB q
P ODcI >¬C Iw¤> OMJIB
MwªPQ]Jq
POCF´I]T
1C@JIBCDcI>®POCdMwªP>CwIB>O>hOCq}O
qwª>I IBq£> IB
IICwOPTOqDFCDFOCªKLP^OMdICK@MQ<KJM<ODJI
Q]JLP^OMdIC>CwIB>O
%12~<3~ 5.5+:*6. +27:.*<7: #
%12~< 3~ 5.5+:*6. 81g6 60 @X, <L, ,*<*4A<2, 5.5+:*6.
:.*,<7:;
1MJIBIC±IBOCKF´ LPC=IBH@H=M ®IB
?«IBM£IBM`D
+C±IBLPTHiG¤Iq
PODcI ®IB?«IB>iIBIBC H@H=M<I@
>hOC qwª>OdH OCTOMJIBLP^OMdICFC° Iw¤> >C®^>CN°
?«IBOCHOCPIBwª>Q]OCHO^>C 89
!²<OMcIIC±IBCw¤IB^K?«IB
FC^>ICC>h OC qwª>>CD^>LP^ OMdIC G>FC^>
IC NDcP G> G> I O^>C FCf Q] CuD
K@MQOMJH@H=M @G@>OMJ?D<GTNDN
H@H=M²>
+BJ]D M< ?²< OMcI OfIC
>COwPQDOOCHw¤O H@H=MN° ?«IBICwG]H£OQOGDP
LPCJH@H=M>COGIBQ]>CJ>^>=£ ODKSl>FC^>IC<P
= H@H=MC ?PIB HiD Q] CK OC«
FCf
+C±IBLP^OMdICI]TOCw¥IBOKOMPIBQ]JLP^OMdICO^>CHJIBHPI
>¬COFCfCJ>C¢ICªK>COGIB
(CD IhD qI N² FO CªK Q¤D H£O KCI ®IB CJ> N² =DI q¡D ®IB ?«IB
>CfIC>¬^>COC®>OP
IO² KCI ®IBN ?IqILP^
LJ ! 9f $ !
OMdIC KC_I GT
0² FO CªK >¬CPTI ChC qwª> BD G]
H@H=MOJM
(CD>C®>InIBKC_IO^>C>¬hOC qwª>N°
?«IBOMJIB>^>CdICOC®>FC^>IC¬<LP^OMdICQIC]IC qDPI]T?I
qIC]IBGJ}ON² G²CI>^>LPTOMdICFC^>IC<P
1MJIBQ]DInHLPhMOICDPIBCDcI>®PQ GrICQ²>I]T
+C±IB
GªDOC >¬OJMNJQ¤DLP^OMdICKC_IO^>COCiIBOCw¥IBG]
1nIBO>q£ KCI ®IB
$DHNIKCHKC«
+CP>
PInIBGwªIBOCK
hFC InIBFOCªKICDO
1¯ IC±IBGªDOC OMcI?IqILPTOMdICOCDO= IC BI>hOC qwª>
QIC]ICQ¤DH£OH®>q£ GDICCJ}O>^>NIKCHKC«
BDHQ] CDPLP CuIOMJIBQD>N° ?«IBInIBGwªIBIcISPCw¤IBKC^O
OMDIH@H=MOJMNqwª>S@HG]qICCw¤IBKC^OOMDI=IQ±IB KCk
CªKQ]OMJIBOwuIBG¬OJMqwª>OdH
OCTOMJIB>^>GrICQ²>LPTOMdIC>iIBIBC NDICC>N° ?«IBH£OOJ]I=£
H£O=dICA@MH@IO@M OMJIBLP^OMdICGcIH@I CJ>N° ?«IB@IUTH@q OMJIB
LP^ OMdIC >CPTI Ch
%
P CO >^> LPT OMdIC I]T N° ?«IB
H@H=M¬<QO
GDPH@H=MuU@JGDO >COGDPBHQ]FDHGJ}Dq`H¨ M£IBODH
InIB ®IB?«IB>¬OJM OC@J Cw¤IB>iIBIBCDKChCO
Chh OC ^K?«IB ¨ ICDO q£ MO ><J GcI O¤D
>CJKCbK ®IB?«IB>¬O^>
^>>C®>InIB
>u =I >¬OJM >h OC qwª> >CD< OC]IC
%dIC
¡ NPIB>^>>COKCI ®IBH£O>^>C>h >CIG>Q]FCiIB>CIG>
)J}D= NIKCHH£O>^>C>h>CIG>Q]FCiIB>CIG>
$D± G}D>^>>COSl>O^>
LJ ! 9f $ !
R61 W1R6131L29=L<,1,6Z60,`+g6
,*5.5+:*6.,V <1 ,V<:7605.5+:*6.:.*,<7:
*@H=MCqO ¨ BD±< OC]IC
IBnI?gIB>CT OwuIB ®IBQ¤DIBnIOMcI>CDu=IICw
GIB FCf GIB GIBQ]FCf FCf
^>CdIC?}IBQO Gm>¬<H@H=M<I@
KC« OCP£> MO ICDP Q]J QO GDP H@H=M N° ?«IB
pD Q¤D C
OCIBH@H=MhOC >hCdIC?}IBOHKCIB
ICw?}IB?r ?}IB IBQ]NªDM¢IB
OMJIBOwuIB ®IBQ¤D>PCdIC>¬<Q Q] IB
%<DC OCIB q
PODcI?}IB
OHQ]?}IBFCPIBN FCiIB? ?]IB>CJ?gIBGwPGwªIBqDLP^>C
O² ?J ¨ > CCFCiIB qwª>G]HN}>C
*OFC^>
Q¤DHJ?PG@?}IBSJI >>h?DIOf>C= HOG¤IquIQ OC Of>COCw¥IB
G]HH
1CH>Cf >gI>hOC ICDPCuII±<qDQ¤DHJ?PG@?}IB
NªDM¢IB>h= HO?DIOf>CquIQ OC Of>Cq}OBD^OM ODcP=DPG]FCJIB
HH
%
PCO>^> GJ}DH@H=M<I@KJGTH@MFCiIBOC ^K?«IB ¨
ICDOq£ OMcI IBwª>G}DqDQ¤DqDPFDIH@H=Mu>h
OC ^K ?«IB qwª>
ClIB >h OC qwª> NI SPO H£O N CdIC ?}IB OH
KCIB IB Q¤DTPO ICDPG¢ qwª>G]HOC¬IBQ]NªDM¢IB
*>?k>^>C
OCIBNªDM¢IBQIq<IBKC^OOMDI OMJIBBD<DqJ}Iq
P
+CwIBG]QOGDP
q
TODHInIBG]?J ?DIOf>C= HOquIQ OC Of>C><J
pDQ¤DH@H=MOJMSl> O^> LP^ OMdIC >h OC qwª>>CD<KCI ®IB
Sl> O^>q IBICOQ]FCiIBq IBICO C@O@MJB@I@JPNGT S@HCdIC
1MJIBLP^OMdICSl>O^> q IBICO >^>H@H=MhOC qwª>N°
LJ ! 9f $ !
?«IB OMJIB >^> M@OJM FfI
pD Q¤D KCI ®IB Sl> O^> FCiIB q IB ICO
C@O@MJB@I@JPNGT>hOC >hICDP>PCdICG]
^>quIQ H@H=MCOSl>O^>IH> qIC>hOC qwª>^K?«IB
C]IBGJ}OOMJIBICDP?}IB
^>>COSl>O^>IH> qIC>hOC qwª>BCbKQ]J OMJIBH@H=M<I@
HJ?PG@
*@H=MhOC CJ}Oq£IBSl>O^>OC@JHJIBHPI
R61 !1M647c25.5+:*6.@X,<L,
pDHFC^>=DOG¤IICOOMJIBN² q¬OJM>h
OC qwª> q^ICBD^?²^>QC®>InIB>¬^>H@H=M<I@ OMJIB
M@OJM
+BJ]DMtIB>hOC KC_I=DO?²hFDHNJ^O
>CO KCI ®IB KC_I O^>C >^> NI KCH O¯ C¢ICªKKCI ®IB Q] BD± G}D
>CO Sl> O^>
1CcH I±^> LPT OMdICH@H=Mh OC qwª> KC_I =DO
?²¬^> ?gIB BD± G}D M@O@IO<O@ Q]
?gIBOCHK@MH@<O@
)IB GIBC OCIBICwQD G> NDcP G> G>I
GIBGIBODKSl>Q]OCHO^>C
)IBFCfC OCIBICwK@MQFCfGIB ODKSl>
(CfFCfICwC OCIBOCH FCfB<NK@MH@<OODJI
1CDOF C OCIBO^D>C OMJIBH@H=MO^>OCw¥IB>hC<D
FC^DIDH>u=Iqwª>KC_I=DO=IB>^>KCI ®IB ⇔
-CI ®IBQ]KC_IO^>Cqwª>FOCªKOMJIBH£O quIQ
%dIC
<
-CI ®IBQ]KC_IO^>CFCiIBqwª>FO CªKH] >^>>COKCI ®IBqwª>
O^D>C ?>OC@JC OCIBH@H=M<I@
%dIC
=
LJ ! 9f $ !
R61
*231L262
5,*5.5+:*6.:.*,<7:
*!1g6 60>K 5.5+:*6.:.*,K<L,1:2Q6061*=
^> FC^D IDH OMw¤> q_T qwª> N° ?«IB q> =DO FCD FO CªK Q¤D
H]IBQi>uq BH FDHGJ}DQ]Q¤D>^>H]IBKJGTH@M 89
1MJIBqh
>COSl>O^>qwª>FOCªKOM²>ODKQ]JQOGDPH@H=M<I@
(C^DIDHN<P
I]T >h OC qwª> ^K ?«IB Q¤D =O F³ LP^ OMdICH@H=MtIB ICw GJ}D
H@H=MuCu
1MJIBOC²>O =OF³ LP^OMdICH]IB>hOC
qwª>^K?«IBq GJ}D= H£O OC]ICKC
I>« OC ICwQD G> NDcP G> G>
IC FCf OCH CuD K@MQCwIB >O H@H=M<I@
@G@>OMJ?DC FCP>C O^I ODK Sl>H@H=M^>
KCI ®IB Ch qwª> >_I =IB Q] N° ?«IBH£O >CO Sl> O^> q OnIB
>w¥IBq£IBC>
^>CªK>COOC^>KCI ®IBG]H£OOMJIBC<D
>CO GIB CJ> FCf
pD Q¤D >CO FCf ICDO q£ OCw¥IB ><J CuI
+CDO q£
I]T>gI>CPTIq¡DSTM<
Cw<F G] ¨
H¢DKCI ®IB>« OC qwª>OC²>CDI ¨ H£OICDOq£ ICOqICQ]ICDOq£
>^>KCI ®IBqhOCw¥IB><JCuIICDOq£ KCgIB
CO Sl> O^> qwª> FO CªK Q¤D C OCIBH@H=Mh OC q< ?}IB
OMJIB>^>>^>C NKSK
CdIC
1hHOOH£OQ]DN² FOCªKH]IBSl>
O^>Q¤DH@H=M<I@?}IB IB
LJ ! 9f $ !
R61
g6>{ ,v 5.5+:*6.:.*,<7:* 60,1*]nA,1i<@X,
L,1 5.5+:*6.]b,4i8]nA,L,,1i<@X,<L,
% OCIB quIBDI ICO ?}IBOCIB =cIOMJIBH¢DG¢ FCJC®^>
>COSl>O^>%dIC
¬CPI= Q]
QIC]ICquIBDI OMJIB OMw¥IBCªK>COSl> O^>= ICDH CIB BDH
CJ}O OfICOCd>tIB? ?]IBqwCOSl>O^>H¤DQ]J
%gI
G}D>COSl>O^>qwª>NKSK> qICQ]JH@H=M qICOMJIB>^>G¤K
OMcI%dIC
=CJ>OMJIBQ^>CH@H=M
.5+:*6.57-=4.*87:*<276
i=<c7 ,*57-=4.5.5+:*6.-c60<i5<:7609=2<:R61!'
*>?k>^>HJ?PG@B H?}IBSJI>C<T?}IB?r<FCPIBIC²<
q®IB?«IBOMJIB>^>LPTOMdICO^>COMcILPTHi>iIBIBCDK
ICwIBC
PCOG]FCiIB^K?«IBQ]JQD>O^>CIw¤>OMJIB>iIBIBCNI
SPO> I =¨DK@MQC¬TP?JN®>=I>uC>FbHQ]
q£>CIB>CPChCOOCK>¬COGDP=IBIC²< OMJIBLP^
OMdIC ODK Sl> Q¤D MwªP Q] >^> ?PIBHiD C±P >u FC^> ¨ ICDO q£ >¬<
+BJ]DM
PCOCIBqgDCDFfIQ] ^KG²>><J Q¤D ^KNPO
>C_IFCiIBKCf¬<?gIBOCHQ]^KNPOKCf<=HO?gIB
ICK GDP
1CbK FCiIB B qwª> >C®IB HDIC G] QO GDP q^IB ODI >T
OMJIB>POMl>>¬<H@H=M<I@
^>H^T G>H@H=M<I@ OC@J ?}IB K@MQ<KJM<ODJI K@MQ<KJM<OJM
?J)2/$&NI SPOG]N²FOCªK>¬<H£OCOCIBHJ?PG@H@H=M<I@
?}IB OH q> =DO Q] C OCIB =dIC IBwIB CuD K@MH@ GK qO
LJ ! 9f $ !
OC]ICH£OquIQICBICdIC
!}IBOHOM<Jq¡DOMJIBOCDO=
ICDOOCbKFCiIBBqwª>?kIBG]H>POMl>
*£OGªDOCq>=DO>¬^>
GJ}D HJ?PG@?}IB OHI]T G]Ff>C >© Qd >h OC??]IBI_IB>K qI
Ff>C>©OCwuIBH}D
R61
W1R61+2=-26-c60<i581x60
2=25<60Z6@~85.5+:*6.
0Z65.5+:*6.]b,,12*612=,1y662<2~861*=
R61
$`] 60=AQ64Y>u61K61,*57-=4.5.5+:*6.-*60<i581x60
^>IBPTcI O> OCDOF >¬ OC CDI
OMJIB CdIC
q_T >tIB G] Hi CdIC >u =I CJ]I >CIC >¬< H£O
-@MQ^>K@MQhICDPIBnIO}J=¨D
CNKSKNJIBNJIB
-C<CuD
K@MH@CT SPTcI LP ODK Q]J KCf¬<
KC
Iq
P=dICIBwIB
0<Pqh M¥DFCDquI Q K@MQ<KJM<OJM ¨ ?}IBCh<
GIB
!gIBK@MH@hOC =uHIBwª>OM¨ G}D?gIBICKGDP
O}JOC]ICC OCIBFfIq G]HOnIBI IBq£ ?gIBICKGDP
6cP>
P ^K NPO KCfh OC
qwª>?PT OMd N² IBwIB O« CuDK@MH@<Oq}OCDPLP
% OCIB G]HH^O
LJ ! 9f $ !
qwª>FCbKFfI>CJKCbKFDHNJ^OICDOq£ >CfICS^> OM^ICqhIB=nIB
OMJIB =dICIBwIBQ]qH=JIBwIBO« CJ]IOJ]ICuD
.P^OMdIC=>CuD
C±P>u OC@J=uH>C_IFCiIBN qwª>BD± ¨ ^KNPOODOCDP
^>=uH
>C_IFCiIB KC«>Q« >CJQD>GJ}D= FCfOMu
3¤D>kIBGwªIBIw¤>O^>C
MC Iw¤> FCD MwªP =IB LP^ OMdIC >CwIB >O InIB GwªIB >
I
OCDO>CJLP^OMdICG]HH^O OwuIBqDOCK
)wªIBICDOOO^DN° ?«IBG}D
q ChOMJIB LP^OMdICK@MQO ICDOI]TSKS
=IBGwªIBICDO>
IOCDOq Ch
+BJ]D M
I KCD OCw¥IB SPTcI FDH NJ^O Q] BD± ICDO q
P Q]J >¬<
?gIBICKGDP
!gIBM@O@IO<O@M¥DFCDH@H=M<I@ ¨ ICDOq£ OCKCuI
Q]qwª> G]HH^O OMJIBH£O =£ OMN°
?«IB q O^DBDCJ?gIBICKGDP
.PDOMdICODOFDHInIBGwªIB
MO CªK Gm OJ]I=£ GwªIBICDO qwª> OCPC D OC@J >^>C OC®> CJ]ICJ
ICO
i=<c7,*57-=4.-c60@7v6 ,<:7609=A<:R61!'
+BJ]DHJ?PG@ ?}IB OHICw OMcI>gI>h>^>?}IBHJ?PG@ ?}IB
LPIFDP SJI>NKDMFDPICDPG¤KHIB
qwª> = ¨ HbK @IQ@GJK@ OTK@ CdIC
$(00$0HJ?PG@
!}IBHJ?PG@HHJ?PG@?}IBNªDM¢IB >Cqwª>N°?«IB>C¬
TP OMJIB >^> ®IB ?«IB KCgIB OCf IBCDH LPT Hi IC
u N¨ ?}IB
HJ?PG@LPIFDPSJI>Q]HJ?PG@FDPICDP G¤KHIB=¨
HbK?²^>H@H=M
OCdICBIQ] MCuINJQ¤D>^>?}IBHJ?PG@FC^> ICwIB>hC}I>C
OMJIBQD>QI>CPTIQO>CO¨OMcI>C¬<H@H=M<I@
0²LPI
H@H=M]IB>COOCd?DIOf>CH]IB>]IBOnIBQ]qwª>
q> OMwIB =IB quI Q ?DI Of>COC Of>C
*J?PG@ ?}IB LPI SJI >
HH
LJ
R61
^>?}IB
OCOMJIBLP^OMd
?gIB K@MH@<O
!
H@H=M<I@ ¨BD±
>CJ?gIBK@MH@<
R61
2=6
^>H@H
>CJq?gIBKM@
HbK
*¢DIBnII
LP^>OHIBn
KC«OCP£>Q]JQ
FCD BDH OC Of>
K@MH@<OBD±<O
G²QIO>
! 9f $ !
7-=4.-c609=i632=@7v6 ,]b,;g6@=i<+2 %#
HJ?PG@$0B HICDPG¤KHIB=>
ICKC_IKCDGwPGwªIBQ]BDH^KNPOOD
}IB >h ICDP G¤K HIB = >P O
hG¤K=iIBQ]HDIBqHqO}JH£OFC
OOCHO²?J
*bKIBJ]D>kIBqwª>C]IbK
12=48560+*7+, 5P85.5+:*6..6>.478. $$
=M<I@HJ?PG@=<JB HH£O=dIC^KNPO I
H@C®<G¤KH@H=M<I
]Tqwª>>CD^>IBnIICCuINKS
I>^>CqONJIBNJIB
^>OCDOFH£OIBn
IO>?gIB>CTqPOMcI=HOH]IB
0²
C ?gIB ICK GDP N G]H >CJ >C N OCH
HIBnIBDHOC@J
3¤DOfICInIBq>=DO
OMcI=HOH@H=M<I@qBDHICCw¨IB
hH£ONGªD
OCDP¨KCf<
}J B H C<D
iIBBD<IH¨
FfIG}D
$57-=4.
BOMPIBO_H
@=¨
KqDS®IB
Iqwª>OfIC
OwuIBLP<I
>¬< ?gIB
I]TN>CI
>¬<G¤KM<IC
LJ
BD¤DQ]q}Oqwª>
R61
\
*O q£ >¬< HJ
H@H=M<I@@IQ@G
~<185.5
.PTOMdIC*
FCDH]IBNDcPG>
OMdIC =<Iq
Pq` q
?«IB=dICKCI ®I
H@H=MN°
Q]Ff>COCw¤>G¢
q
PODcI* /N >C
ICP>
Pq>=DO
+
6<H<HJOJ @O <G
I]T * /Nqwª>O
C]IC?²<Q]J^KG²
CdIC
OCw¥IB q
qwª>qOIBKOMJI
! 9f $ !
FCInIB>CIG>>¬<JICO
`6> .478.@~8;760;76
?PG@ N OC Q]J >^>C N
JK@Q]NGwªIB>^>OH>CI=cIOMJIBHJ?
+:*6.57-=4. >2+27:.*,<7: <:7609=A
/ qwª>BD¤DOCDPQ]J>PDIC±IBInH
2#Q]H]IBQDG>*#q` qwª>OCwuIBH
wª>BD¤D OCDP=¨D!JMM ,GDQD@M&I>Q]FO
BQ¤DH@H=MCPOMd
?«IBOMJIBLPTOMdICI]TG]H=IBC¢IC
H
!JIBP IO]D>CfICC}ICKIc
®IB?«IBOMJIBOMJIBQ]DGrICQ²>OCf>CCª
nH >^>=w¤>q£OKC^>¬<* /Q¤D
pO H@H=MOJM
*
CDOF Q¤D>^>OCDO= O^>CIH=cIIBJ]D
>SPTcIH]IB><J1*-q ?PTOMdLP^O
wª>N° ?«IB>CJLPTOMdICS° GfIw¤>OCD
B= N«>FCf=CJ>G]qwª>GKqO=cIIB
>hOC
CdIC
061*=
K SK >^>
PG@
<:R61!'
IB<TN<P
}DCh<
.P^
CªKQD>N°
ICFfI
1H
ªKKJGTH@M
I>^>OC C
KQ¤DH£ON
mOw¨IB>¬<
`D qI N<P
M@OJM QI
MdICG>
*i
*@H=M<I@
J]D<
LJ ! 9f $ !
R61
5.5+:*6. +Q6607K2>K5.5+:*6.,1R560u8+ ;,31T
!J>^>COCDOF FC^>ICtIB?IqIN²
FC^>=DOIC^>OCiIBN QIC]ICBD±<C<D?}IBI]T
g60
$7;L61,i=1R61,*5.5+:*6.+27:.*,<7:02*1*2<:b6018<:Q6
1CiIBN *@H=<I@* /
IBK>CdH
* /?gIBKC« M<=cI
IBJ]D
)wPGwªIB 1CKCuI <JCuI
pDIOC )¤ICuI +C CuI
CDKCfN«OFCf <JCuI +C CuI
!gIBK@MH<@OODOM<
>CDKCf=uH
1CKCuICuI <JCuICuI
CDKCfG]HN}>C &- 1CKCuI <JCuI
1¡IB>CDKCf <JCuI 1CKCuI
CDKCf,* 1CKCuI <JCuI
(C^DIDHQ H@H=MOJMNq` qwª>qw<Q]JM£IBM`DOMJIBS°
Gm Iw¤> OCD ICwIB FC^D IDH I]T >CJ qI IC OC]IC >iIB MO C}I
>C OMJIB NI SPO >^> NI KCH GcIH@ILPDHi G¤I
1MJIB* / >^>
>CO Sl> O^> NDIC C> ICw @IUTH@
>h OC G] > qIC OM²> ODK OMcI
H]IB CJ> GwP OCiIBLPOJM
qIC >¬CO
Sl> O^>NDICC>>h OC G]HOnIBq£ =I>¬<H@H=M<I@ OnIB InIBNPO
Q] >hOC q}Oqwª>q£ ODICFCDO>COGwªIBNIKCHOO
1C^>COC®>
>C¬ TP q q}O qwª> q£ =I FCD > qIC >CO Sl> O^> NDIC C>H] QI
FCiIBG]HHOqDCJ}OOfICNDICC>
3 HOFµ OCPO>h CPCdICFC^>
IC¬OJMCJ}Oq£IBGDcIO«>>hOC KC_I=DO<ND?@NOM@<HQ]
=>CdHIBKOf>CCªKCdIC
LJ ! 9f $ !
R61
*5.5+:*6.:.*,K+5.5+:*6.:.*,<7:]y<,1R560u8
+C±IB quI Q H@H=M O^>C M¥D FCD >P CdIC ND?@NOM@¬<
=DJM@OJM>h>C®>InIB OwuIB O² ICwKC
I Of>CCªKQ¤D=DJM@<OJM OMJIB
>P CdIC >CdH IBK
+C±IB wP qDH Q] ICwª> qDH >¬P CdIC
qwª>OhHOOOMJIB=IB
g60 a= >K61b,]25,i=1R615.5+:*6.:.*,<7:
)J}D>PCdIC vPqDH +Cwª>qDH
*@H=M<I@
M@OJM ¨ =cI
IBJ]Dqwª>GK
Q]Jqw¥IB IB
KC« ?IM<=cI
IBJ]D=dICKCI
®IB
+nIBNPO>C
H@H=MCKCI
®IB
*J?PG@H@H=M<I@quI
BDIOMJIBLP^OMdICOC<T
OC
*Oq£ O =]J><JFO
CªKQ¤D=¡ NPIBIBP I
?DIC?w©IBOCKFCf>C
OCf>COnIBInIBNPO>¬<
H£OQ]DQDNDICQO
$D¤DC}IJSDB_TIBPTCDH=cI
OMJIBqw¥IB IB=cIIBJ]D
0² ICDH=I>hOC STM< ¨ qw¥IB
IB=cIIBJ]D
!gIBSPTcILPh OC =
O>IBCI
!PIB?>CGcIH@I>hOC >hq£ IC¤O
MO><J
0OM@NNQOGm>hOC STM<Q¤DO =]J
OMJIBNPOLP^OMdICCJ]IGwP=¨DQd
G²>>O
dICKCI ®IBG¤I>hOC SPOCDI
?gIB>«>=£ OMJIBLP^OMdICCJ]IGwP
Q]=dICKCI ®IB
*@H=M<I@qO
>CdHIBKC<T
Of>CCªKIB<T
OMJIB=dICKCI
®IB
(CiIB>
IOCDOKCD
OCcHLP^OMdICCJ]IGwP
OMJIB=dICKCI ®IB
pDPFDIQIC]ICquI
BDI
*Oq£ O =]J><JFO
CªKQ¤D=¡ NPIBIBP I
?DIC?w©IBOCKFCf>C
OCf>COnIBInIBNPO>¬<
H£OQ]DQDNDICQO
% OCIB>®IB FCiIBOC PIC<T=
>JIBqwª>
!gIBSPTcILPhOC =
O>IBCI
$D¤DC}I>¬COC Of>C
!PIB?>CGcIH@I>hq£ IC¤OMO><J
Q]OnIBCDIOwªIBKC_I>²>OK
OMPIB
LJ ! 9f $ !
$
Iq_T H£O N =w¤> LP OMJIB QD> KC^O OMDI * /
>tIBq` qwª>S^>ICIICwIBQI>gI>CwCDHfOCuINJ
Q¤D>^>OC C OMw¤>Q]>^>mOw¨IBN° ?«IBC
IBCI
CDKCfQIC]ICOCKCuINJQ¤D>^> OC C H@H=M<I@qOIBK
OMJIB M@OJM q IB OC¥D BDH ?
I >CD KCf OMJIB N° ?«IB H@H=M<I@
(CPTIFCf>C OnIB OC@J >K N IC_I NJQ¤D OC C * / O¯ BD±<IC±IB
InH
p IBOC¥D ODKO«>>DODIOMJIBQD>OCDOF * /Q]qw<Q]J
CJ}Oq£IB ¨ >^>IC]H^TG¤ICuI
1MJIBFCDOC C * /Nq
PODIQIC]IC>hOC¥DBDCO
MI 0/1 >CCPTIKCk >CO MI Gu
G°IBGcIqIBG SPCw¤IBCDIICOMI
0/1 OCKCuI FCJIB IB]T Qd OC ? OC@J ?jDC¢ICªKCPTI
KCk*)00FCJIB BG
+C¥ IC±IBqDPFDIQIC]ICH¤DI]T
FC InIB G]H O>IBCI* />hSPCw¤IBBDHQ]QD> OCw¥IBSPTcI
=JOMd G]HN}>CC OCIBH]IBOM¨ IcIquIBDICuI
%DII^>C OCIB* /OCwuIBH}D>hNI C
PCON°
?«IB H@H=M^> =DJM@OJM H> ?k QI >h H£O N NI
KCHOCwuIBH}DHJ?PG@=cIIBJ]D IC±IBC OCIB=cIIBJ]DN° ?«IB
CIBCIH@H=M<I@
1MJIBIC±IB?}IB
>¬C¬ TPG]?}IB IBM¢IBQ]?}IBOHqwª>^K?«IBOMJIB
>^> ®IB?«IB* /
(C InIBFDICO >¬
Q]J?gIBK@MH@ >C¬ TP G]FDHNJ^OCDPLP LP^ OMdIC O>
IBCIQ¤Dq
PQ]JInIBGwªIBFCDcHOIOCw¥IB ºF4CH NIKCH
+CDPKCwuIBKC^KBDHOCDPO>IBCICDPLP >hOC OC²>CDIqwª>
FCD CDPMj CJ]IOJ]I>^>CDIOwªIBSTM< ¨ = HOH@H=M<I@
%w¤IB
ODK>I>¬C¬ TPOK OMPIBQ]J>u>C O>IBCI>CJ
?gIB C¢I CªK KC®> O}K S@H SbO OJ]I ?DI >^> IC_I O G]H O> IBCI
OMJIB* /Q]q SPO>^>OCiIBN O>IBCI q^IC BD^>^>KCwuIBKC^K
CDI>h OCDOF ODwPCh<* / N^IBO}JM<IC±IBmOw¨IBH¤D^K?«IB
OMJIB>^>LPTOMdICODwPCh<* /=IQ±IBCuI
$g6@=i*87:*<276
2*2]7c6<:T,14A.<1*674<:7601
<1604Q65.642Q6 <,
8.:>*87:*<276
0ISPO@OCC¬TPqwª>QIC]ICOC@J
HOMJIBIB]IC>iIBIBCDKICDcIGDP@OCh
LJ ! 9f $ !
OC>DOCDICuI=IB ^K?«IB>^>LPTOMdIC>iIBIBCNISPOGDcIO«>
^> ®IB ?«IB OCw¥IB FO CªK LP^ OMdIC GcI H@I IHH@I Q¤D quI Q
H@H=M C D GDcI O«> G]HBD]P
?gIB@OC<IJG NDIC M< O¯LP^ OMdIC GcIH@I OMJIBHiD OMw¥IB?DIC?w©IB
89
!gIB ICK GDP N° ?kIB qw¥IB ?@SOMJN@ qH q> qwª> qDP FCDI
OMJIB A@MH@IO@M
^> HJ?PG@ K@MQC®< H KJGT
?DH@OCTGNDGJS<I@ H@H=M<I@ Q] I IB q£ @OC<IJG OMJIB ?gIB K@MH@<O
FCJIB RR @OC
@OC<IJGOMJIB=FCPTGcIH@I
%OCIBCJ}Oq£IBOOQ] ¡IqIC
1MJIB
OC¥D BD Q¤DHO q£ O =]J >¬< BG InIB NPO
@OC¬<
BG C Q]N°?«IBOMJIB?gIBICKGDP BG
qw¥IB
!gIBOMJIBLP^OMdICK@MQ>CIG>
GH C Q]
OwuIB ®IB
3OGDPQ]KCwuIBKC^K
3DNDICQOHiDOMw¥IB
3DNDICQO GcIH@IG]IHH@I0>C@N>@M@QDND<@ 1
H@MD>ODJI /J>FQDGG@ *?
*iD OMw¥IB qwª>
>CPI = Q] OC]IC KC
I =CDO SPO IH H@I
CGJMD?@ >GJMP<ISD H<BI@NDPH NPGA<O@
C@KOJN@ N° ?«IB G] ?@SOMJN@ OCwuIB H}D @M@GJN@
JMI-MJ?P>ON H£O=£KCI>¬< - &IOG %£DIBC OCwªIBqIC MBJ
=<IB&GGDIJDNQ]JH£O=dICGcIH@I=<I q
P I IBq£BGqw¥IB
dICA@MH@IOJMCOCIBK@MQ<KJM<ODJI
0uq OCDO=OC°IBCDHN°?«IBOMJIB IBCDcI>®Pqwª>OMdIC=]TOMJIB
CdIC
R61
$`] <12~<+ <1T6012
5,17/.:5.6<7:
LJ ! 9f $ !
42Q6*87:*<276
.P^OMdICGcIH@Iqwª>OC²>CDIOMJIB A@MH@IOJM,HHID PGOPM@
3DMODN J $CG]HQD>G¤IG] G
^>qDPFDI
q` qwª>OC°IBCDHS^>qICO>q£OC¡DFCf
QQH O>q£LP<T
¨QgIBKClO ICDOq£ W FDHNJ^OK% ¨H®>Q] W Q¤D
*>COGIBOMJIB=dICGcIH@I qwª>?PTOMd=¨D=£
qDPFCDI>H®IBN²=DIq¡D>¬hOCcHH£O=£qDPFCDII IB
q£ BGP>JN@ q
P Q]J OMJIB NPO OC¥D BD¬< HJ?PG@
K@MQ<KJM<ODJI
*J?PG@ K@MQC®< =cI
OMJIBQ]IHBD±^> OH OCbK FCiIBB SS >H
^>H]IBq`
qwª> GK M^K OMJIB HJ?PG@ Q¤D C OCIB *DGGDKJM@ -@GGD>JI <NN@OO@
*DGGDKJM@ JMK @?AJM? *CJ KCbK ?gIB >CT NJIB NJIB LP<
ICDP H]IB
-@MQ OC²> CDI Q¤D *-# H@H=M<I@ O¯
H@H=M
H@H=MJHKJNDO@ FO CªK H£O G¤K
KJGT?DH@OCTGNDGJS<I@ XH OMcI G¤K q© KJGTNPGAJI@ FCiIB qD S®IB
*J?PG@I]TQ¯C=HOO¡IB>£IBG]
H
)wP >CO q
P Q]J >¬CPTI Q¤D O> q£
GKClO =¨DH£OH^T =uH
*£OH^T =uH >C_I FCiIB ?PT OMd ^K NPO
>C_IFCiIB O¯ HH%B -<KCf<?gIBK@MH@<O ¨KC
I?w¤D
>¬KH£O?gIBK@MH@?gIB GwP>CO
BD]P @OCIBwIB O« N° ?«IBC¢ICªK ,@OJI@ MI G]HH^O
OP
ICJ]IO}D
+CDOq£Q]>C_IFCiIBqwª>OC@J?jDLPKICDO
qDIQ]H£OH^TqJqDI O°>C_IFCiIB OwuIB ®IB 3PPH/@N@C
JMK -DOON=PMBC -< FO IDQ¤DH£OC OCIB?± GDP OCPFµ OCPO N
^>quIQqwª>FC°OMkIB=¨DN²QI>CPTI?PIB?>C@OC<IJGKCf<
>CJQ]J ODKOC@JG]M°>OQiOMkIB
3IC]IC
#@MH@IOJMqwª>>TqCJ}OChC
OwuIBqwuIBOCOf>C=dICA@MH@IOJM
(CDI IBq£@OC
OMJIB?>CIPiD >^>HJ?PG@K@MQFC¨Dq£IB>kIBQ¤D
FDHNJ^OH®>>CO GIB
3O>COM¥DFCD A@MH@IOJM OCiIBLP<HJ?PG@
K@MQ_I=IB=¨D=¡NPIBqICF³O¯=>CJQ]JOCiIBLP<H£O
H^T =uH qDP FCDI =IB FDH NJ^OH®> q£
1¡IB OC Of>C OMJIB =dIC
LJ ! 9f $ !
A@MH@IOJMC OCIB K@MQ<KJM<ODJI G]
G Q¤D G IH OMJIB C OCIB
K@MQ^> H@H=M M°C
qICF³Q¤DIw¤>H>OQiOMkIB
0^>?PIB
?>C M° O^D GwP OCiIB OM¨ LP¬<H@H=M<I@ OMJIB
FCJIBKClO
%OCIBI]Tqwª>>C}TOMJIBKClOQ]?gIBK@MH@<O
=GJ}D=OMw¤>FCD?±GDPOCPOCKNqwª>KC«>C DG}D
1CiIBOCw¥IB
>^>H@H=MM°<N<PH¢DG
IQIC]ICO¯ C
-C_IOf>C
-C_I Of>CBGP>JN@qwª> OC²>CDIQ¤DFDPKC_I Of>C60&BGP>JN@
+ IB q£ @OC S^> qICH Fm FCf %- %@RG@OO
-F^>C ODcH OM²> ODKQ]JH£O?PIB?>C>£O
NDGD>J @GG@AJIO@ -=^J>^JICw
OMIBGwªIBFCiN<PFCDNT¨
(OLP
1fIC>COH@H=M<I@
3D>OC²>CDI>¬^> qDPFDICJ}Oq£IB
?²FDI =OC]ICGKOMJIB>^>OCfIBCDH=IB>^>CN°?«IB
FDP?PIB?>C@OC>OQ]H£OH@H=M<I@OMJIBK@MQ<KJM<ODJI
HJ?PG@
*£OGJ}O>^>OCiIBNOCfIBCDHqwª>ODIC]ICqS^>qICFC
InIB IC Cw¨IB GcI LP^ OMdIC CJ}O q£IB >¬< K@MQ<KJM<ODJI ICw ICDO
q£ ^KNPO>C_IFCiIB Q]O>q£GwPGwªIB?gIB>CJQ]J ?gIB>CTOMcI
H@H=MCI G>
0²>CI G>qwª>qICIBCr<ICw O´ G
>¬RROMJIB?gIBK@MH@O^>CM<
O¯?gIBQ]J>h>kIBO G
^>FOLPqwª>OMdIC=]TOMJIB=IB
Q]
g60 e611b60,L,u61K61*87:*<276
U60>K7.<1*674 %:=60+R61 ]b,<T61<7L6 4n6<:760529=L<:R61@ 4Y
+,g5Io
#Y05j'
(B0*0+Y2
.,g6
/./,0
M6.Mr0*(B0*./+
+?0-+D0*
HH%B HH%B
1MPIB
=dIC
0! 1MPIB
=dIC
0!
25
25
45
45
LJ ! 9f $ !
g60
e611b60,L,u61K61*87:*<276
U60>K7.<1*674 %:=60+R61 ]b,<T61<7L6 4n6<:760529=L<:R61@ 4Y
+,g5Io
#Y05j'
(B0*0+Y2
.,g6
/./,0
+R 0F0*'+h0.h')5+%01.
+?0-+D0*
HH%B HH%B
1MPIB
=dIC
0! 1MPIB
=dIC
0!
25
25
45
45
+C±IBFOLPI]T>CJOCT ICDOq£ QIO>?gIBQ]JQ]^KNPO
>C_I FCiIB IC Cw¨IB q^IB F qD Q¤D ?gIB >CT OMJIB K@MQ<KJM<ODJI
-
IB
OMJIBFCDqh qDQ¤Dq£>CIG>@OC<IJG=IB
>C >h ?PT ICO OCiIB N ICDO q£ >h IC Cw¨IB H}IC q^IB F
!J
qh qDP FDI OD wP q OCP C D @OC
I KCD ¨ ICDO q£ >
?gIB >CT ICC_I FCiIB OCK
1PT ICDcI ?J IC Cw¨IB >¬<
qDPFDIGcIH@IIcILP^OMdICK@MQCDIOMJIB IBCDcI>®P
>C¨ICDOq£C}I>CKCkCªKQ¤DLP^OMdICGcIH@I
)cIH@IGDcIO«>K@MQ<KJM<ODJI
^>OCfIBCDHN°?«IB>^>HJ?PG@K@MQCJLP^OMdICO^>C=
GDcIO«>@OCCGcIH@I=Oq
PHOCfIBCDHQ¤DI IBq£
BGP>JN@=¬<OCfIBCDHI]TOMdIC=]TOMJIB=IB
g60 %1T6012
54Q65.642Q6*87:*<276!'
$
%
%
%12
02*6
4K5
>2
,1
'u6<,
;<31T
81
\601,9=L<:R614Q65.6 "=L<:R61
8.:>*87:*<276
>03
BG
M0
BG C
M-
BG C
605
BB
6-0
BB
>#-
BG
)wP
GwªIB
GH C
p£
>CI
G>
*
+
+
+
LJ ! 9f $ !
+
0#I IBq£>u>COBGP>JN@OMJIBq
PQ]JA@MH@IOJM
--I IBq£@OC¬<quIQK@Q<KJM<ODJI
M0 QIO>>u>COBGP>JN@
M- QIO>NIKCH@OC<IJG
650 KC_IFCDGwªIB>¬u>COBGP>JN@
1>q£>¬JN@M0Q]@OCOfICOJ^I?²_I
=IBQO>CO>¬^>OC]ICKC
I>hOMJIBHPGTOMJIBBD<DqJ}IN<PFCD
=Oq
PQIC]ICLP^OMdICK@MQJN@FCiIBC}I>C
+nIBNPO650 qwª>OfICOJ^IO¯?±GDPGTOMJIBFCJIBOC¥DBD<IIB<T
N¬OfIC =IBM-M0
1O>>^>OCiIBNq£IBC>qwª>OfICOJ^I¨IC±IBBD<DqJ}IGTHP
MDcIB=DO qDICdIC G]C Q]N<Pqh GT OMPIB=dIC q OfIC OJ^IBD^ OM
O¡IB OC>CJ>^> OCfIBCDHCJ>FCJIB OMJIB OCfIBCDH
(OLP>¬<
H£OOCfIBCDHqDICdICOC°IBCDH¨=IB
qwª>=DP?DIOMJIB
CdIC
R61 $g6@=i*87:*<276
)cIH@I ¡IqIC GDcIO«>GJ}D=@OCCGcIH@IOMcI
C q` OC²> CDI
-@MQ<KJM<ODJI NI SPO ?gIB K@MH@<O Q¤D I IB q£
@OCCGcIH@Iqwª>?PT
OMdFCJIBBD±^K?«IBC
PCO>^>OCfIBCDH
Oq
POCfIBCDH>¬^>H@H=MN°?«IB¨?}IB
OH OMJIB =£ KCI FK H@H=M N° ?«IB >CJ OO > >^> OCf
IBCDHODKOC@J
1MJIBOCfIBCDH >^>H@H=MM°<N<PH¢D
LJ ! 9f $ !
G
IN°?«IBO¯ CIPCDPNPO>¬ClIBQIqwª>?PTOMdQ] OC¥D
BDIC±IBOCf
IBCDHI]T >^>H@H=MM°CIBIB¯IB>C}T¨G
I
OCfIBCDHOMw¤>
^>ICCw¨IB>CfIC>¬M°D
OCDI N² >CI G> OMJIB FCJIB O¯
OCf IBCDH qI FCJIB
OCfIBCDH
%DPNPOOCPqwª>OMJIBOCfIBCDHGcIH@IGDcIO«>K@MQ<KJM<ODJI
?C@OCq`
BG C OMJIBGcIH@IGDcIO«>FbJ?]DGcIqICQ]N°?«IBIBP IICK
GDP>CJQ]J>hFCJIB BGBGP>JN@
^> ICCw¨IB>¬BDH
O>q£OC¡DFCfO¯H®> QQHqI QQHOCfIBCDHNJ NJN^IC
Q¤D OCdFCiIBSPOCDIIC±IBICCw¨IBqIq£IBC>>¬<LP^OMdIC
GcIH@I>tIBICwInIBNPOq^IBF
1MJIBGcIH@IGDcIO«> QIO>OC¡DFCfIcIqwª>BD±>]IBOCK>]IB
OOqInIBNPO@OCODqq£OnIB
OMw¨IBO=]J
)wP GwªIB?gIB qDLP^>HJ?PG@K@MQ<KJM<ODJI OMJIB OCfIBCDH
GcIH@IGDcIO«>K@MQ<KJM<ODJIOC<Tq¡DO¯ GH C qI GH C
>hOCqwª>ICdIOCTOMJIBCdIC
R61
$ ,164,4b608.:>*87:*<276<:7604Q65.642Q6<,
>K8.:>*87:*<2769=A5W<1T6012
5
)wPGwªIB?gIBOGIBC>CQ¤Dq£>CIG>
+ IBq£?gIBK@MH@<O
> LP<I N^O OCT G] BG R R ICwIB Q¤D
H@H=M<I@H¤DQ] M°<qICF³ OCdI IBq£?gIBK@MH@<O OMJIBFCJIB
BG
1CJGPI
3I C]IC LP^ OMdIC GcI H@I GDcI O«> C OCIB K@MQ<KJM<ODJI q`
qwª>OC²>CDIQ]BKMOfOQIq
1CcHN²S^JOM£I=¨DQd>^>QIq£IB
?JOP
ICJ]I>¬CGcIH@IOCiIBLPC
LJ ! 9f $ !
O}JMOfO=O
1MJIBOC¥DBDhOC
QI?PT OMdI IBq£@OC<IJG OMJIB A@MH@IOJMBD^ OMCªK GmQ]FCiIBq¡D
OMJIB FCJIB BG OCw¥IB OCd BG
% OCIB I]T >h OC qwª>
CJ}Oq£IB¡IqICQ]FCiIBBD^HN^OOMJIBOC¥DBD<I?]D
1PTICDcI OC¥D
BD¬ >iIB IBCDK C
OCIBK@MQ¬CIB
ICCw¨IB®>>C>¬^>>COMIICCg<O<IOMJIB
NIKCHGcIH@I
!JLP^OMdIC=>CuDQ]G]HH^O?DIM¬<
H@H=MO ICDOq£O}D
= HOH@H=M LP^ OMdICK@MQh OCq`
STM^J G] >¬<FCD
?PIB?>CGcIH@IQ]?Jqh ICCw¨IBqIFOLPKC_IOf>C
%uII±<
BDH ICDO q£ N ?I qI BDH ?gIB K@MH@ q
BDHICDO q£qIH®> OD OCDP OCiIBLPIcIqwª>
OCDOF
*Oq£ O=]J ODqh OCq}Oqwª> OMJIB OCfIBCDH G] BG
OMIBGwªIBFCi
3dHOq£NDICFCDOnIB?
ILP^>G
IQIC]IC Qd
OC>
IKCDOCJN@>¬<?gIBICKGDPq?PT
OMd H£O H®> OCK BGP>JN@ OMJIB A@MH@IOJM
+ IB q£ BGP>JN@ OMJIB
A@MH@IOJMKCDqwª>BD±¨H®>OCKqICCw¨IB>hC}DBDHOCDPOD
qJN@ N OC<H BD< G]H BDH ?gIB LP<
H@H=MOOMJIBA@MH@IOJMQ] ICCw¨IB
H}ICICOOMJIBOO>>^>OC]ICKC
IHiDOMw¥IB
+CdI>CPIB >^>?gIB
LPC
@OC
1PTICDcI C OCIBCJ}O q£IB¡I qIC qwª> OC²> CDI¨
>^>H®>NDICFCDQ¤DI IBq£BGP>JN@OMJIB?gIBICKGDPGcIqI
BG
pN°?«IBG_P?]D>¬<*-# H@H=M<I@ qgDCDKCDM°<qICF³
+PFCiIBM°IBCI ¨H]IB =IB>C®IBG]BDHCDP
NPOOC@JOC¥DBD^>OC]ICKC
IFC^>>hFf>C
OCw¤> OMPIB =dIC
3D> M° KC«>
IC±IBQIqOMcI ICwIBN OnIB>CDKCfQIC]IC>¬<COCIBQ]G]H
BDHInIBNPOOMJIBLP^OMdIC>iIBIBCDK
LJ ! 9f $ !
*£ONGJ}DH@H=Mqwª>Of>CCªKIB<TOMJIBLP^OMdICGcI
H@ILPTOMdICK@MQ¬<IHH@IB
Iq_T
q` qwª>IBCDcI>®P OMcILPTHiIC
1MJIBH£OC OCIBq^ICBD^=¨D
$MJJO@O®POwuIBO²CDII<TIBJ}DOM¯?}IBNªD
M¢IBK@MQJI@OCwuIBH}Dqwª>
N°?«IB InIB NPO @OC¬ O}DH®> NDICFCD
FCiIB q¡D BG
!gIB K@MQ q£
>CIG>
qwª>NJN^ICQ¤D>^>FOLP>¬®PI]T
IB?«IBLPTOMdICK@MQiIBIBCDKqOCPC D@OC<IJGO¯
LP^OMdICGcIH@IKC«OCP£>Q]JH£OQ]DTPO
*@H=MhInIBNPO
>CK ICI qwª> q> qDH Q] OfIC IC}T >H OCK q C}I >C QD> O>
IBCI
0²IBwIBO«>¬C_IFCiIB ?²<OMcIInIB
NPOOwuIBqD>¬qgDCDH£OC
OCIBG]HG}ICG]HOnIB>CDKCfCuINJQ¤DIw¤>=dICOCw¥IB
1PTICDcI
OfICFDICOCOCIBNqwª>q^ICBD^=IB>^>CNJN^ICICDPHO>¬<
LPTOMdIC IBCrCDKCfInIBGwªIB>CJCOCIBIBwIBO«
G]HH^O?gIBK@MH@>hInIBNPO
>COCIBK@MQ<KJM<ODJIqgD
CDFCD GwªIB GcIH@IN fOCuIICDP NJQ¤DqLPT OMdIC GcIH@IN
GwªIBG¤IOCiIBOCw¥IB >hOCODOFDH>CDKCfQIq^IBF
+BJ]DM<
>CD KCf >CwIB >O Q] >CD KCf InIB GwªIB N OCK CuI Qd I IB q£ ?gIB
@OC OCPC D >¬LPTO
qIC?²_IIC>BD±CDKCfCOCIBH@H=M<I@ COCIBG]H
G}ICQ]FCJIBODOFDH>¬Q]>COGwªIBNI
KCH@OCOCPC D
*@H=M<I@ KJGT?DH@OCTGNDGJS<I@ N° ?«IB OMJIB LPT OMdIC
K@MQ S@H G] OO ICO OMJIB =O F³ NI KCH OCwuIBH}D
I]J FCiIBKCDG]=I>CO>CIG>@OCH]G]FCInIB
OCH>¬ GPH@Q]>£IBN²InH
O®>G]OfIC
OCH >¬^> Iw¤>
pDP I]T >h
ICDPmIBCr^> FC_POMJIBLP^OMdICO^>CNfOCuI?J>C>h?PT
ICOBDCuDOC@JqhH]BD¤DC}Iq£>CIG>>¬<H@H=M<I@O¯
3dQT q>}IC OMCwIB>O OCPC D@OC<IJG OCd
LP^OMdICH@H=M<I@K@MQ<MKJM<ODJIKCDq^K®IBH£ON wPqDH QwªOOM£D
ICwGªDOCQ>CDKCfQIQ]FCInIBODcPOC«InIBGwªIB
LJ ! 9f $ !
+C±IB GJ}D H@H=M OCDO F =IB U@JGDO@
KJGT?DH@OCTGNDGJSC CªKICO OMw¤>
FCD^K?«IBOCwuIBH}DQ]JK@MQ<KJM<ODJIqOCPC D @OC<IJG
1hHG}D H£O= FCPTGcIH@IOMPTIOCIBqwª>FOCªKQ¤DH£O
HJ?PG@K@MQCJKCbKNISPO@OC
Q¤DQD>OCPC D?gIBBD]P@OChI IBq£FCJIB
¦I IBq£O
=]J BGLPTOMdICCJ}Oq£IB GDcIO«> InIBNPO@OC
BG C Q¤D NI GwªIB OMcI >u >CO FCJIB
)]H N}>C
H@H=M<J OfIC = OMJIB LP^ OMdIC CJ}O q£IB
K@MQ^> QI q O> IBCI
% OCIBQI
C]IC >h GwªIB ICK GDP >C
0° ?«IB
H@H=MkIBQ¤DN²>DOCDICJ}Oq£IBQ]CDPNPO>tIBICw>^>OfIC
>CO q>qDHG]Cw¤IBIBCDcI>®POMJIBOwuIBG<D
2*2]7c6<2614=A
6.<1*6744Q6660] ,*7<:Q6+w601
*87:*<276
0CGT@OC<IJG O¯ C OCIBGcIH@IGDcI
O«> K@MQCw<
q}OODcP>CPIq N° ?«IBQdOC >
IKCDLP<OCcHH£OBD<DqJ}Iq I_IB
><J I IB q£ @OC<IJG q}O qI B
I BD^ OM OPTO qD
-CwuIB KC^K OMPTI
OCIBOCw¥IBN° ?«IB>CwIB>Oq G]HODICGPTI@OC<IJGICwIBQIO I
O}DICDPHOC}I>C >C¬ TPG]QI QIC]IC >CDKCfO^DN° ?«IBG}DCh<
>CO >CDH ?DI Of>C FCiIB BD
P qO M
KC«>C}I>C OMcI=IB>^>CFOCªKLPTOMdICK@MQ<KJM<ODJIQ]JLP^OMdIC
>CwIB>O
0uq OCDOF -3OMJIB>iIBIBCDKNISPO@OC<IJG CdIC
%
OCIBK@MKJQOCDOF >CJQD>O^>CIw¤>
M<FCDMwªPO¯ qI
LJ ! 9f $ !
R61 $`] 60=AQ64Y17c*87:*<276
% OCIBK@MQ<KJM<OJM= OMfB H=<quIQ K@MQ<KJM<OJM OC@JHD
GDcI C ?gIB ICK GDP
*¢D quI Q K@MQK
K@MQBIQ]J=dICIBwIB
NIBwIBO« IB<T
GKO®>
3D>= OMfO¡IB>£IB=CfI>KBD<DqJ}I
OMJIB C OCIB K@MQ BD< ICDO OCcH ¨ =cI IBJ]D OMPIB
BDKK@MQ<KJM<ODJI=<JB HH£ON GwªIB G¤I
H@H=M<I@FbKNKSKNJIBNJIBQ]OMJIBH£O?`T
/wªP>CJQ]JOMw¤>ODcIKCDLP<BD<DqJ}IODIBD<ICDOOMJIBH£O
=dICOMLP^OMdICO^>CIw¤>OMJIB> IN<P
FCDLPKK@MQFCDqDQ]J
>Kq
PODcIK@MQOCDOF BD<JCuI
J
!gIB>CwKq
P ODcI N qwª>BD<
ICDO G}D qI OMw¤> FCD Q]J >K OC® C<D K@MQ<KJM<ODJI qDP FDI
OwuIB O² ICw ?gIB ICK GDP ¨ >K q
P ODcI
3¤D >^>C OC®> ICw OMcI
@OC^>>K>gI G}D>CJqIFCDq}Oqwª>I IBq£
HJIBHPI
+ IBq£ NIKCHFDHNJ^OquIBDIG]=IB>^>CqDP>CICO>q£
>¬ IQ]JOMJIBFCDq IBOC¥DBD± GDcIO«>ICDOq£ q
PQ]J=¨DH£OC
OCIBqDPFCDI O² q£IB
1CDO = IBwIB O« >¬<=<quIQ K@MQ<KJM<OJM
qwª>FOIDQ¤D C OCIBG]HG}ICOC@JLPDOMdICFCbKFfIQ] qwª>OM<IB
= H£OC OCIBqDPFCDI O² q£IBq ?PT OMdH£O ICDOq£ >¬<K@MH@<O
IBwIB O« FCiIB q¡D
-@MH@<O IBwIB O« O¯ =< quI Q K@MQ<KJM<ODJI OMcI
LJ ! 9f $ !
qwª> MlO M IBwIB FDH NJ^O O² q£IB
.PTHi
OCwuIBH}Dq
PODcI>¬CJLP^OMdICODIC>C > I
qwª> OC]IC GK O}D H£O IC] H^T =£O BDT Q] BDT >¬< -<KD@MA<=MDF@I
%JGUNOJAA PI? "
%JGOUH IuD
MwªP qwª> NI SPO =¨D LP^ OMdIC GcIH@I q OI OCP IBP I > I O¯ LP^
OMdICIBCDI=£O
+C]H^TK@MQF O¯ FCDIh
>C}TOC° Q]J>CJqII<T
1MJIBBD<DqJ}ICJ}Oq£IBq
PODcI IC]
H^T qwª> OMCJ LP^ OMdIC ODIC >C > I q}O InIB NPO
GIB]TMwªPIBPTcI>CO
% OCIBO¡IBqwª>OCDOF InIBNPO><J
ICO q}O qwª>
G IB]T qwª> OC²> CDI =IB >^>C OnIB N GwªIB
H@H=M IOMJIB
O¡IBLP^OMdICNISPOOC²>O =¨DLP^OMdICGcIH@IMwªP qwª>OIOCPO¯
IC]H^T>w I=IB>CwIB>OCJ}Oq£IBNJIB
NJIBQ¤D C OCIBK@MQ<KJM<ODJI %dIC
LJ ! 9f $ !
R61 "=AK8.:>*87:*<276
C I ¨ OMcI>CJMwªP>CwIB>Oq}O
QJG
FCJIB RO
O¯ >£O>CwIB>OQ]> ChI IB
q£ >PD>kIB q}O H>?k>^>quIQ q
PODcIK@MQ
OCDO F >C >CJ I IB q£ q}O
1PTICDcI H£O N² FC^> =DO Mj MO
OMJIB>CO GwªIB MwªP>PD >kIB
^> MwªP ODIC >C O¯ K@MQ<KJM<ODJI N
FCiIB >h =O F³ ChCO I]J OMJIB NI KCH
3d QT NI KCH O¯
K@MQCJG]OOCuINIKCH>CwIB>OOMcIOC OMw¥IB
0JQ¤D>CwIB>OqIBKCf OC²>O K@MQCJOCTH£ON GªD
OC FC^>ICw? ?]IBqDP>CIC MOGDICCJ}OOMJIBHOOC<Tq¡DI IBq£
?gIB ICK GDPQ]qiIBNPO OMJIBFCDQIqH=JQ FDH
NJ^O >CO GwªIB NI KCH quI BDI Q] <I OJ]I
% OCIB K@MQ<KJM<ODJI
LJ ! 9f $ !
FC¨Dq£IBFCiIBLP^KC®>O}KQ]>^>OC¬ O«>OOH^TqgDCDIC±IBTcP
>
PODOCDP>CJqhIB>°^>OC¬ O«>H]TcP>
POCKICOqDQ¤DIBw¥D
BD^HN^OQ]G<Jq£IB
^>quIQ K@MQOCDOF >h>C_IOMwªO = QD>
>]DqO=£ OM<Jq¡DICDOQ]C OCIB IB=cIIBJ]D
pDPI]T?IqIOC¥D
BDiIBIBIQ]>CDKCfGKqOBDH
3¤D>^>= OMf>^>=£ KCI>CO
>C q£ FCfO>CJquIQ K@MQCDHFCiIBBD<IIC BI
Q]OCKqDPI]TCJ]IOJ]IOwuIBKCI Q¤DIC±IB>£O>CwIB>OqIBKCf
>^>Og<J
*Oq£ bKIbI>¬q>OMwIB=¨D?DIOf>C= HO
H@H=MOfICInIBFC^>I¡D=OG] LPTHiquI
BDI Q] ? ?]IB >D ODI q OnIB InIB NPO ODIC GPTI > I >tIB ICw ?
?]IB=JOMd
+nIB NPO MwªP >¬< C OCIB K@MQ<KJM<ODJI FCJIB
/wªP O¡IOCOLP^>H^T=uH>C_IFCiIBqwª>BD± ¨ H®> ODOCDPQd
C OCIBIBwIBO« CJ}Oq£IBMO CDPLP
!gIBK@MH@hOC qwª>O^D
>C CJ]IOJ]IFCDqw°£O>CwIB>O
!Jqh GwªIB> I?w
>¬OI?«IBG}DCJ]IOJ]I
3D>O^D>C ?gIBK@MH@<O
FCiIBqhIBQ_I=IBO¡IBQdIh>CDHKC
IInIB
GwªIBMOIC
LJ
_!"X
p ^II]Tq`O¡IBCªKG}DKC
II]JIC±IBFDIOC®>>nI=IQ QIq GDcILP<I
O¤DH@H=M ®IB?«IBOCPICI=DJ@OCC>CD
ODO O¯IBQIq >« OC ICwIBIh>tIBq`BD¤D OCDPqI IBw¥Dq> IC±IBFDIOC®>
FC^DLP^O>
IOCDOOMJIBGrICQ²>H@H=M CDPMj qwª>>^>
QIq GDcILP
P >K OCDOFCD N° ?«IBH@H=M<I@ CDI
I^>GrICQ²>ICwOC²>KCH NDICC> T?wª> >iIBIBCDKChCO
p>
=DO ®IB?«IB >¬ q q^K ®IB>CJICDcI
GDPQI>CPTIIB]T>]IBOnIBOMJIBLP^OMdIC>iIBIBCDKCh<J-C_IGJ}D
H@H=MCOCw¤>>¬CDCfIC
QD G> *# NDcP G> 2# G> I /,
*¢D GJ}D >h
IC±IBq>qDHMDcIB=DOQ]qwª>^K?«IBOMJIB>^>GrICQ²>FC^>ICOCP£>
OfIC>¬P OMl>H@H=MCD< OC]IC GJ}D QDH]IBQ]H@H=M<I@
FCiIBqDS®IB q IBOC¥DKC_IOf>C Q] q^ICBD^IC±IBwPqDHQ]ICwª>qDH QO
GDPH@H=Mu Qi >u OMJIBqhH@H=Muqwª>
q^IC BD^ OO ICO >CIB >CP qwª> >^> qDP FDI >²> qJ<J
H@H=M>CD<OC]IC?}IB
IB NªDM¢IB OHFCPIB=I LPISJI >
1MJIBqh C<D?}IBOHFCPIB=IQ]
LPISJI >qwª>N° ?«IB>C¬ TPOMJIBNISPO=DJ@OC>¬<LP^OMdIC
H@H=MCcICG>C^KG²>?gIBICKGDPN qwª>>CD<OC]IC?gIB
G]?gIBOCHLPC
q£ CJ}Oq£IB G] ?}IB >CT?>?@CT ODK OPTI>MJNN AGJR FCJN^O
>^>CDIOwªIB ST MCO« OK
OMPIB>¬CO OMcIH@H=MIBCI >^>IC_I O Q]FDP O>
IBCIKCwuIBKC^KG]HN}>CH@H=M
1MJIBqh qDHq>=DOICO>¬^>?}IBOCDOF OMJIB
®IB ?«IB LPT OMdIC H@H=MOJM q I_IB ><J CDP NPO OCP C D
=DJ@OCCCªK GKBCbK>¬CfIC B H
=DJM@OJM H@H=M<I@ Q] K@MQ<KJM<ODJI
3d OC OMJIB q ^I I]T N OK OMPIB Q]J
Cw¤IBIBCDcI>®PQ]OCDOF >¬<O¯IB=£ KCIOMcI q IBOC¥DOCDOF LP^OMdICGK
BCbK >¬« OC
h ?}IB
=DJM@OJMKC¡ =DI?}IB=dICFCPTOM£I >£ON¬D=O >£O>h=£ OC¡D FCfKCf<?w¤D
?}IB OH =<J BhD
1Cw¥IB N° ?«IB ICO G] ?}IB =dIC FCPT OM£I iIB IBC
K@MQ<KJM<ODJIG]KCwuIBKC^KOC<TOC CK?IOMJIBODICGPTI=DJ@OC<IJGCDII<T
-@MQh ICDP wP qDH ICw ODcP OC« InIB GwªIB OCK FCiIB N° ?«IB Ch<
>CO CJ}Oq£IB ¨ ICDOq£ OCKQ]^KG²>OCKq}OInIBNPO>N°
LJ
_!"X
?«IB OMJIBLPT OMdICK@MQh OC G]H@H=MhFC InIBSl> O^>
ChFC InIBSl> O^>
*@H=M O^>qwª>>CDCfICSl> O^>q IB
ICOQ]Sl>O^>FCiIBq IBICO
5l>O^>q IBICOG]>^>H@H=M<I@HJ?PG@N° ?«IB
OMJIB>^>M@OJMFfI Sl>O^>FCiIBq IBICOKC_IOC]IC>PCdICH@H=M<I@Q]
>COSl>O^>IH> qIC >COSl>O^>> qICBIQ]JH@H=M<I@Q]H@H=M<I@O² Ih
>hFC InIBSl>O^>OC@JHJIBHPI
(OCªKH@H=MOJMOMJIB
LPT OMdIC K@MQh >P CdIC >CfIC G] qO H@H=MCdH IBK OMJIB
=DJM@OJMQ]qO=cIIBJ]D=DJM@OJM
-C_IOf>CwPQ]ICwª>qDH>¬PCdIC
OMcI
+BJ]DMgIKC_IOf>C >^>OCiIBN Q]IC±IBC}I>C OMJIBC<DBD<D
qJ}IOMJIBLPTOMdICNISPO=DJ@OC
OMJIB =DJM@OJM N I IB q£ @OC<IJG ICO qIC C OCIB
K@MQCCªKQ¤D=dICGcIH@I=O q
PCJ}Oq£IBQ]GTOMf>C@OC<IJGNDICM<
OMJIBLP^OMdICGcIH@I GwªIB@OCCM<FCiIB ICCw¨IBO¤DLP^OMdICGcIH@I
>¬>C GcILP^OMdICGcIH@IQ]G}D>hOC OI?«IBq O}J
OC]ICICDcIGDPOMJIB>iIBIBCDK
(CJN^O >^>OCiIBN ICw>_I=IBQO>CO?gIB
ICKGDPQ]?gIB@OCCMCIG> QIO>OC¡DFCf ^KNPO>C_IFCiIB
ICDOq£ LP^OMdICK@MQ<KJM<ODJIKCkCªKQ¤DLP^OMdICGcIH@I G] ?gIBK@MH@<O
OCPqwª>>hI IBq£ @OC<IJGODq<FCJIB $D<DqJ}IC<DODICGPTI@OC<IJGq}O
I IB q£ KC_I Of>C Nu q IBPTcI Gm CJ}O q£IB >¬< LPT OMdIC K@MQ<KJM<ODJI
B HquIQ H¢DquIQ >K ?gIB@OCODIBD<ICDO G
IGwªO LP<
>KH@H=M I IB q£ >
I OCDO OCd N LP< C OCIB G]HH^O q
IBwIBO« IP>CwCJ]IGwPOM¨ G}D>Kq
PODcI
.P^OMdICBD<ICDOQ]
IBwIBO« qwª>= OMfCªKGmq ODOFDHInIBGwªIBOOqhOC
%uII±gI
NJN^ICBD±CwIB>O>hN° ?«IBChCOQ¤D
LPTOMdICK@MQIC±IBwPQ]ICwª>qDH>¬<O¯IBLPTOMdIC
OMcI
)rICQ²> ®IB?«IBH@H=MiIBIBC NISPO=DJ@OC<IJGCDII<TQI
>gIFC^H¤DH q` qwª> ®IB?«IB ¨ H£ON Iw¤>>C_P[PQ]*µ ICwIBICdI>CPIB
>Cw KC¡ =DI M£IB FCK OMcI OC BD¤D KC
I G¤I q IBCDcI >®P OMJIB
KCgIBOCfIBCDH?J IC±IBOC^>COC®>CDIO}DQ BD^ OC]IC Q]FChFCnIOMJIBQD>
GDcIFO>^>>iIBOTQ¤DICkIB>CPIBO^>BDDKC^KQ]Cw¤IBKC^O OMDI
H¤D
1PTICDcI OMJIBOwuIBG
PQ]wPqDH>kIBQ¤DN² >DODI
Q Fµ OCPO OCd >iIBIBC I]TN OM¨ OC]IC>iIBIBC HtDICI OMJIBLPT OMdICNI
SPO=DJ@OC<IJG
LJ
_!"X
89 4JE>D@>C (PE<RNFD sPF<NU 7D@GDINFD
DJ@OC<IJG: ,I@ JA OC@ M@I@R<=G@ @I@MT
NJPM>@N AJMH '# %!# %% #
89 #M@NN JKKJMOPIDOD@N C<GG@IB@N DI OC@
=DJ@OC<IJG DI?PNOMTAJMH $ %
"GN@QD@M
K
89 7
#
PD <I? %
0
*PM<GD?C<M<
# % * !#% & %
# % * !! % $ !# $$
"GN@QD@M
89 -D@MM@ )@ G@>C∗ 3D>FD C@I 1JIT
$
#<I@ & # #% #$
&$ ($%(%#%#% %
2I@N>J @IOM@AJM*@H=MD@I>@CIJGJBT 0>CJJGJA
C@HD><G"IBDI@@MDIB 1C@2IDQ@MNDOTJA+@R0JPOC4<G@N 0T?I@T +04 PNOM<GD<
89 (
Q@G!@FF@M
$ #% #
$
*@G
?@FF@M DI>
+@R6JMF
89 0PU<I< -@M@DM< +PI@N (E<PN 3DFOJM -@DI@H<II
# % * %
&$%#*
4DG@T 3 %3@MG<B$H=% J
(B<
89 *CDCD<ODJI JA
H@H=M@NN@NDIK@OMJ>C@HD><GDI?PNOMT<M@QD@R AJMH $ %
"GN@QD@M
K
892GMD>C0<I?@M<I?-<Q@G0JPFPK
$ !#% !#'! #% ! % #
% *#%
89 !
'
,¶ MD@I '
MODJI DI JIODIPJPN A@MH@IO<ODJI
H@H=M<I@K@MQ<KJM<ODJINTNO@HAJMH !! # %
Các file đính kèm theo tài liệu này:
Tích hợp membrane vào bioreactor để nâng cao hiệu suất thu nhận bioethanol.pdf
