Tóm tắt Luận án Self-Studying social sciences and humanities skills of cadets at division level

24 To Teachers Before starting to teach the social sciences and humanities, teachers not only help students to determine the purpose, requirements and tasks of learning but also help them know how to study this subject. Depending on the requirements of each subject , teachers choose the content and form of action towards improving study skills matching the stitching, learning actions of cadets . Teachers should strengthen chronic form of talks, exchanges, suggestions, raise issues using political events - social progress, and avoid teacher read students record style. To Faculties They should be equipped with knowledge about self-learning skills of social sciences and humanities as a basis for guiding cadets study. Promoting responsibility in managing self-learning students. Maintaining and promoting the role of the club, group study. Keeping track with status of skills practicing of cadets to improve the performance. The learning club should choose the cadets who have good academic archivement as leaders. Political staff members at the university should be president of the club. 1 INTRODUCTION 1. General Introduction We all live in an era of information explosion. To adapt to the rapid increase of human knowledge, the education system has made radical changes: from the concept of learning in a certain time to the conception of frequent learning, continuing education, lifelong learning. Each one of us must choose a suitable study method to make our lifelong learning to be effective. “Self-studying social sciences and humanities skills of cadets at division level” is a subject matter of Psychology in the military education. The author has researched on the theoretical and practical studies to develop the concept of self-studyning skills of social sciences and humanities of cadets at division level, including essential elements of the skill, stages of building the skill and important factors effecting the skill; specifying the situation and propose psychological - pedagogical measures to improve the skills. 2. Why this topic? The traditional teaching methodology which teacher speaks, students listen, is still a challenge in our Vietnamese education system. This passive learning creates obstacles for students to learn new things. Therefore, the teacher needs to change his/her teaching methods to motivate students continuously studying and lifelong studying by improving self-study skills. Social sciences and humanities classes are important subjects in military schools. They play an important role to help military officers to build their scientific views, political views, when the officers need to assess the phenomenon, social events and military operations. They also play the important role to form and develop the political, ideological, moral, military lifestyle of those officers. However, the freshman in military schools often are not familiar with the new teaching and learning methodology, so they are confused, mostly learn from experience of senior officers, and sometimes, they fell lost. 2 3. Purpose and research tasks 3.1. Purpose of this research The research is to clarify the theoretical and practical basis of self-studying social sciences and humanities skills of cadets at division level. Relying on the basis, the author proposes psychological measures to improve the skills of the cadets. 3.2. Tasks of this research Tasks of this research include building rationale basis of studying the skills, surveying and assessing the current situation and the factors affecting the skills, recommending psychological and pedagogic, and organizing practices to improve the skills in current military universities. 4. Objects and Scope of the research and scientific theory 4.1. Objects of the research Self-studying social sciences and humanities skills of cadets at division level The object of study: cadets, teachers, school faculties. 4.2. Scope of the research - Content Study the skills in perspectives of pedagogical psychology. The reasearch focuses on studying in depth the proficiency of self learning and exploring factors affecting self-learning skills. - Location The research focuses on military schools in the North, including School of Politics, School of Political officer; Army officer school no 1; Institute of Logistics; Military Technical Institute 4.3. Scientific theory Self-studying social sciences and humanities skills of cadets at division level are still weak in three categories: orientation, organization and self-examination. 23 Experimental results show that the skills can be improved through appropriate pedagogical method. This proves the direction of this research is correct. The study results also match the hypothesis of the research. 2. Suggestions To Department of Defense Ensure good quality enrolling students by focusing on selecting students with right qualility, capacity and the psychological and physical qualities. Ensure better infrastructure, technical equipment and teaching aids for teaching and learning social sciences and humanities in military schools. There should be mechanism, policies and regulations facilitate faculties in general, teachers of social sciences and humanities in particular. To Military Universities Strengthening co-innovation process from content teaching methods towards promoting positive attitude of students and enhance learners' self-learning skills of social sciences and humanities of cadets in military schools. Ensuring adequate physical facilities, teaching equipments, documentation systems and curriculums to better serve the learning of social sciences and humanities. Reforming assessment system to promote positive attitudes, initiative and creativity of cadets, avoid mechanical assessment that requirements memorize style. Focusing on content improvements, encourage cadets to innovatively analyze issues, not mechanically copy the document. Step by step applying modern equipments, software testing in learning and teaching of social sciences and humanities. 22 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 1. Conclusion Studying this matter has both practical and theoretical meaning. It defines: Skill is to master how to perform the action of the subject by applying the knowledge, experience to match practical terms, or to implement identified goals Self study skill is how to effectively implement self- designing, self-organizing, self- assessing on the basis of applying the knowledge, tips, experience to achieve the objectives of learning requirements. Self studying social sciences and humanities skills have a very important role in the learning process, decisive outcomes, as a basis for cadets can learn life, improve the level of leadership - command - managing the team, constantly improve themselves to respond to the development of the country and defending the country in any situations. Self-studying social sciences and humanities skills of cadets at division level include 3 groups: group 1 is orientational skills of self- study plans; group 2 is practical skills of self-study plans; and group 3 is self-examination and self- evaluation skills. In all 3 groups, the skills of subjects in this research are very weak. There are many factors that affect the self-learning skills of social sciences and humanities of cadets, including elements belonging to students, elements belonging to the teachers, the environmental elements of pedagogy, in which elements of the participants were rated as the most influential skills to study social sciences and humanities. 3 If clarification is 3 study skills group, the form factor, the phase formation and the factors affecting self-learning skills of social sciences and humanities, and conduct measures impacts raise some skills such as skills self-study plan; Reading and recording of information when reading documents in a reasonable manner; students know how to do post-harvest will enhance self-learning skills of social sciences and humanities of cadets division level. In order to improve the skills, the officers need to clarify groups of self study skills, the formation factors, the effecting factors, and conduct practices such creating as self-study plan, reading and taking notes, measuring the results. 5. Rationale, practice and research method 5.1. Rationale The thesis uses the perspectives of Marxism - Leninism and Ho Chi Minh, the perspectives of Vietnam Communist Party as rationale. Also it is based on the psychology of military operations; theoretical system of self-studying skills of the scientists in the world and in the country to resolve the issues raised. In fact, the quality of self study classes in military schools today is under expected. Students still don’t have good studying skillset to archive the goals. The past scientific studies in this field did not provide a systemetic methodology to improve the skills. 5.2. Research method The research is conducted based on basis of Marxism - Leninism, the methodological principles of psychology such as deterministic principles of dialectical materialism and psychological phenomena; the principle of unity among psychology, consciousness and activity; psychological development principles: activity - value - personality, system - structure, history - logic , arguments and the development of human psychology. 4 6. Findings New theoretical contributions The thesis will identify the skills in Self-studying social sciences and humanities of officers. It points out essential elements of the skills, stages of building the skill and important factors effecting the skill. The important factors belong to the cadet, the teacher and the teaching environment. The essential elements include self-taught knowledge, study skills and methodology to apply the knowledge and the skills in the study. The stages include awareness stage, training stage and skills formation stage. New contributions on practical Thesis assess the true state of self-studying skills of social sciences and humanities of cadets division level. Offering experimental method impacts raise some study skills for cadets of military schools. 7. Rational meaning and practical meaning of the research In this thesis, the author will clarify some of the concepts of military psychology, such as self-study skills in social sciences and humanities. This research will also enrich the theories of self-learning skills in social sciences and humanities. The thesis will be the reference for the study in general, officers at the military universities in particular, and contribute to improving the quality of officer training in military schools. 8. Conclusion In addition to the introduction, the topic of this research, findings, suggestions, references, the thesis is divided into 3 chapters, 11 sessions. 21 Conclusion The experimental results prove our experimental methods are appropriate to apply to cadets in military universities. After the experiment the self-learning skills of cadets are improved significantly. They now know how to apply effective practices in the learning process, training in military schools. Self-learning skills of cadets is markedly improved when they are under the influences of our experiments. Cadets have learned to do planning accordingly to training conditions in military environments, to exploiting information from different sources to serve the academic social sciences and humanities better, and reporting better. Contents of the classes are redesigned to serve better objectives of cadets in military schools. The guidance of teachers has created awareness of cadets in improving their skills. However, this method could not bring immediate results. In order to successfully improve the skills, their teachers should guide cadets. Therefore, teachers must be equipped with knowledge about self-learning skills, as a basis for guiding cadets and contribute to improve the quality of education and training in military schools. Chapter 3 Conclusion The results of the this research shows that skills of the cadets at selected military universities are only at average level. Students have self study skills from high school, but do not know how to self study at university level. Mastering three groups of self study skills are still inadequate. Although students have knowledge with a certain degree of self-studying social sciences and humanities, but they still face many difficulties in the study. There are many factors that affecting self-learning skills of social sciences and humanities of cadets at division level. The survey results show that elements belonging to students are more important. To enhance self-learning skills students need to overcome the factors that influence and impact combining synchronized measures to cadets. The experimental results show that students with guided self- study skills have improved their academic results. The results of the experiment effects allow us to conclude that the measures used in this study are are on the right direction. Therefore, it is necessary to apply flexible measures to improve the quality of education and training in military schools. 20 figure shows a decrease of low-quality plans and the rise of high- quality plan are not much. The gap between the levels of experimental unit and the control unit is relatively high, X = 0.97. This proven the experimental method in the experimental unit is heading right direction. Cadets have improved their self-studying skills faster. The results measure taking-note skills of cadets After the pedagogic influence to promote a positive attitude self-discipline, independence to improve reading and taking note skills, and 2 practices, the results show: Reading and taking note skills in the experimental units have been improved, the number of poor-quality assessments reduces and the number of good quality assessment increases. The increases in the experimental unit and the control unit are not the same. In the experimental unit, the difference between the 1st and 3rd practice is X = 1.77 in average. This means the numbers of cadets not mastering these skills decrease relatively. Meanwhile in the control unit, the difference between 1st and 3rd practice is X = 0.92 in average. This figure shows that different between the decrease of low quality assessments and the increase in skills of cadets has is not much, only X = 0.85. Thus, after the practices, with appropriate methods, these skills are improved. The results measure reporting skills of cadets After two practices, reporting skills in experimental units are improved. The numbers of poor reports are reduced, and the numbers of good reports increase. The increase in experimental unit and the control unit are different. In experimental unit, the difference between the 1st and 3rd practice is X = 1.72 in average, while in the control unit, the difference between the average score of 1st and 3rd practice is X = 1,05 in average. The gap is 0.68. In all experimental units, the numbers of low quality reports decrease significantly after 3rd practice. While in the control unit, the poor reports only increase in 1st practice, but not much in 2nd and 3rd practice. This proves our method in the control unit is appropriate. 5 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY 1. Foreinge research on this topic 1.1. Research on self-learning The author summarizes findings of these researchs as below: Research on role of self learning: The research references are from wokrs of H. Hippơ và M. Phorvec. Those authors address the importance of self learning by poiting out that the tearchers is not the center in schools, but students. Students should self study with guidence of teachers. Research on elements of self learning: D.Goleman, D.Pam, E.Dyson, L. Porelman discuss about studying in the advanced technology era. They mention the hyperlinks outside schools, new technologies to predict the end of a classical education. Students will not only receive knowledge teachers but also aquire knowledge through other channels enable by technologies. Therefore, new technologies are crucial parts. Research on methodology of self learning: These researches analyze the psychological scientific basis, the optimum conditions influencing the process of self-learning, and self-learning methods such as reading methods, some basic psychological factors ensuring effective reading. The comprehensive view from these studies confirms the important role of self-study, the elements, the method enabling the self effective learning. The authors consider self learning in relation to training activities of the teaching process. The practice activities were organized by students under the direction of teachers through a system of cognitive exercises to perform academic tasks. However, in general, the authors have not studied in a systematic way and indicated the degree of influence of various 6 factors on self study skills, the formation elements, the stages of formation and advanced technical solutions. 1.2. Research on Self Learning The studies from foreing psycologists are heading into 3 directions: Training to form the self studying skills. Includes authors such as D.C. Fuller, I. Shah, N.Đ. Levitov, C. Kyriacou (1998), Shuell, Brow, Weinert, Helmke, N.J.Richard (2003). Researching on the specific study skills. Includes authors such as K. Barry và L. King, R. Gross, A.N. Lêônchiev. In their study, the authors have pointed out the study skills necessary to ensure learners to achieve high results. In self-learning skills, the author emphasizes on reading skills. Researching on skill formation stages. In this research, the authors distinguish three phases forming self-taught skills: determine conditions to form effective study skills is to create the specific concept of training models. Thus, the foreign psychologists mentioned comprehensive study on the skills in different aspects, such as how to obtain skills for learners, study skills needed to establish self-learning skills. However, the authors do not dig deeper into the influencing factors, the formation factors. The skill formation stages in these studies are not sufficient, they are only suitable to the mere technical manipulations in a stable system. 2. Domestic research on this topic The authors, such as Tran Thi Minh Hang, Le Minh Vu, Trinh Quang Tu, Le Nam Hai also researched on thi totic. Overall, the domestic research has explained the factors of self-learning, including: The stages of skills formation, factors affecting the quality 19 Table 3.7: Describe statistical skills impact experiment Skill experimental Experimental Unit A control unit Mean Std. Deviation Mean Std. Deviation 1. Skills study plan 2.70 1.12031 2.36 1.1666 1 st 1.98 1.00766 2.09 1.10004 2 nd 2.49 1.21351 2.22 1.06789 3 rd 3.63 1.13975 2.77 1.33193 Difference between the 1st and 3rd 1.64 0.13209 0.68 0.23189 2. Reading and recording information skill 2.81 1.1271 2.46 1.2378 1 st 1.95 1.09588 2.06 1.15754 2 nd 2.75 1.35820 2.34 1.21549 3 rd 3.72 .92715 2.98 1.34039 Difference between the 1st and 3rd 1.77 0.16873 0.92 0.18285 3. Measure reporting skills 2.97 1.2482 2.55 1.2160 1 st 2.11 1.14732 2.00 1.06066 2 nd 2.97 1.45741 2.62 1.30734 3 rd 3.83 1.13975 3.05 1.28002 Difference between the 1st and 3rd 1.72 0.00757 1.05 0.21936 The results measure planning skills of cadets After the pedagogic influence to promote a positive attitude, self-discipline, independence and 2 practices, the results show: Before the practice, at both experimental subjects (experimental unit) and non-experimental subjects (control unit) their skills are both inadequate. After two pedagogical practices of planning, the results were improved, the numbers of good plans increased. The increases in both units are not the same. In the experimental unit, difference between the 1st and 3rd practice is X = 1.65 in average, whereas in the control unit the difference is X = 0.68 in average. This 18 Experience: 3 mearsuring times before 3 times after after the experiements. Students are provided with learning taks and methods to study or solve problems. 3.4.2. Recommendations Based on the author’s observation, he recommeds: - If cadets understands the purpose of these experiments, they will know how to implement the action and archive high proficiency level of performance and vice versa. - In the study of social sciences and humanities, necessary skills are planning, time management, taking notes, and reporting. Therefore, selecting right measures to improve these skills are important. 3.4.3. Experiment Content The practice is to improve 3 basic self studying skills: planning, taking note and reporting. The reason the author chooses these three skills is that based on the theories and survey results, these 3 skills of cadets are very weak, which cause the low performances of the students. Also preliminary survey from teachers and faculty managers have the same feedbacks. Skill nunber 1: Cadets plan their study schedule in weekly basis. Skill number 2: Cadets take note in 10 minutes from Content of the textbook. Skill number 3: Cadets report the results according to teachers’ guidance, from easy to difficult level. 3.4.4. Evaluating the results Experimental results are evalucated by integrating content into experimental subjects. The results show that he changes in skills after impact study empirically obtained showed three skills before and after the experiment have significant differences . 7 of study, time management, study methods, practices, conditions affecting students' self-learning, solutions to improve performance. The results of these researches are an important achievement to theoretical study on self learning skills on social sciences and humanities. 3. Perspectives on the prior research results Theoretical: The scientific work of prior authors has contributed to improve the performance, systemize the skill under different views, affirm the importance of self-learning skills, which are decisive elements. The bottom lines of self study are self organization, self control, self adjust to adopt new knowledge and skills. The core of self study is to develop at a self learning skills. Practical: The study focuses on analyzing the status of skills, self-learning activities of students, pointing out some self-learning skills that students need to master, addressing some formation factors, practices and measurements. However, these studies on self- learning skills has not been studied systematically. They need to be studied further. The thesis will solve following problems: This dissertation will clarify the concepts, the influence factors, the formation factors, the formation stages, and based on that to determine the psychological and pedagogical methods to improve the skills. 8 Chapter 1 RATIONALE RESEARCH ON SELF STUDYING SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES SKILLS OF CADETS AT DIVISION LEVEL 1.1. Basic Concepts Taking into account the findings from both foreign and domestic researches, the author discusses the concept of self study skills in general and self studying social sciences and humanities skills of cadets at division level in particular. 1.1.1. Skills Self learning or self studying skill is master how to perform the action of the subject by applying the knowledge, skills had matching practical terms, to implement identified goals. 1.1.2. Self studying skills Self studying skills are how to implement effective actions in study, in which the self- designing, self-organizing, self- assessing on the basis of applying the knowledge, tips, experience to achieve the objectives of learning requirements . 1.1.3. Self-studying social sciences and humanities skills of cadets at division level Self-studying social sciences and humanities skills of cadets at division level are how to effectively implement self-designing, self- organizing, self-assessing on the basis of applying the knowledge, tips, experience to achieve the objectives of learning requirements. Self-studying social sciences and humanities skills of cadets at division level include the following groups: group 1 is orientational skills of self-study activities; group 2 is practical skills of self-study activities; and group 3 is self-examination and self- evaluation skills. 1.2. The formation factors and formation stages 1.2.1. The formation factors Based on the views of the classical Marxist - Nazis, the view of the psychologist when reviewing operational issues to determine 17 want to improve their skills, they must proactively take part in practical activities. In the beginning, they may only archive limited results, but after certant numbers of practical activities, the improvement will gradually show progress. Through these practical activities in which their knowledge and skills are improved, student will gain more confidence to continue go further. Results of the practices also are index to assest students’ performance. 3.2.4. Promote positive attitude of the cadets Improving the self studying skills of social sciences and humanities of cadets in the current military universities is a result of the training process, which are object elements, and internal resources of learners, which are subjective elements. Wherein the objective elements of the training process are content, programs, quality of teachers and their teaching methods as well as the management of the universities. Whereas subjective elements are internal forces of magnetic resonance subjectivity of cadets. 3.4. Experimental results 3.4.1. Goals of the experiments - Goals: to enhance self-learning skills of social sciences and humanities of cadets at division level. Based on e impact of the training methods, the author determines the positive changes in self- learning of cadets at military universities. This direction was demonstrated by pedagogical experiment in the process of organizing and teaching psychology at the University of the military . - Experimental Methods: Conducting the experiments by teaching self studying skills of social sciences and humanities to cadets in departements such as, Experimental Center Military Psychology, Education Military, Government and law. In the experiement, the author uses content of regular classes to practice self-learning skills. The classes include all 03 subjects, each subject has 03 sessions, a total of 9 sessions with 06 measurements. 16 faculties must be promoted. Also adequate material are necessary for self-learning process of cadets. 3.3. Psychological - Pedagogical measures to enhance the skills 3.3.1. Promote proper attitude of cadets The beneficial subjects of self learning activities are learners. So, self studying is only really effective when cadets are discipline and proactively act according to their individual study plan. They must utilize their best psychological, intellectual and emotional capabilities, to obtain knowledge and skills from the materials and teachers. In other words, this process must always be driven, by attitude. 3.3.2. Equip cadates with knowledge and skills to apply to solve the learning task Knowledge is the foundation in any learning steps. For self- learning skills of social sciences and humanities, students must know how to use their knowledge to solve learning tasks effectively. During the training time in the university, they are not equipped with all neccessary knowledge of the social sciences and humanities for students. Learning in the univerisity really is to learn the methodology to solve problems, improve creative thinking, being independence. So after graduating, they can continue to self-learning and fostering professional capacity. The program content in the university must meet the dialectical unity between nature: basic, system, unity, depth and ensure a balance between the social sciences and humanities with the other sciences. 3.3.3. Through the forms of various learning activities to help students gradually apply the knowledge, the experience to be problem solver Skills are formed via activities, so to enhance self-learning skills of social sciences and humanities, the universities should take steps to directly address the learning tasks in the school ciriculums. If cadets 9 skill the factors forming the study skills of social sciences and humanities of cadets division level. We believe that the cadets at division level who have self study skills are characterized by the following elements: self-learning knowledge, skillsets and study methods to apply knowledge in the study of science social and humanities. These factors are interconnected under certain conditions, in which knowledge is the first factor important platform. When learners have practice knowledge and creative use of it under different conditions in military activities, the skills are formed. 1.2.2. Formation stages The foundation of the forming self-learning skills of social sciences and humanities is the process of restructuring the study manipulated by circumstances and subject to new conditions. Based on the concept of the formation stages in foreign studies, we categorize them into three stages: stage of awareness , training stage and stage of skills formation . 1.3. Characteristics of self-learning activities and the factors affecting self-learning skills 1.3.1. Characteristics The characteristics include self studying in the training process under the teacher’s guidance. The numbers of study activities increase while techniques and skills do not change. The self learning activities are placed in specific relations. Self study in the subjects of social sciences and humanities of cadets division levels are associated with self-discipline other personality qualities. Activity study of social sciences and humanities of cadets division level theoretical, requiring practices associated with military operations; Activity study of social sciences and humanities contribute worldview, scientific belief for cadets. 10 1.3.2. The influence factors According to the principle of materialistic determinism of psychological phenomena, in order to study the formation of the psychological phenomenon in general, self-learning skills of science and human society in particular, away from the study of weak external factors in the relationship of mutual interaction with the elements inside. With this approach, we believe that self- learning skills of social sciences and humanities of cadets at division level are under influences of the following factors: The elements of the trainees; elements of the teacher; the environmental elements of pedagogy. Chapter 1 Conclusion Based on the scientific research, the author concludes that: Self study social sciences and humanities skills of cadets division at level are are how to effectively implement self- designing, self-organizing, self- assessing on the basis of applying the knowledge, tips, experience to achieve the objectives of learning requirements. Self-studying social sciences and humanities skills of cadets at division level include the following groups: group 1 is orientational skills of self-study activities; groud 2 is practical skills of self-study activities; and group 3 is self-examination and self- evaluation skills. To create a self-learning skill of social sciences and humanities of cadets at division level, the offices need to have 3 factors: self- taught knowledge, study skills, methods to apply knowledge and skills. The skills are formed through three stages: stage of awareness, training stage and stage of skills formation. 15 The results showed that, among groups with different skills correlate relationships in the forward direction, which means that if this skill group increases, the other skill groups also increased, in particular. Results of comparing proficiency of self study skills of social sciences and humanities at middle school students with fairly good grade and academic students on average, or above average showed that in three skill groups, group of cadets having pretty good scores outperform those cadets with average or just above average scores. It proves that students of the Political Academy have better skills. This shows that the direction and the subject of the research is approriate and meaningfull. 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 AOS 1 SPO IOL MTI M e an Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Figure 3.7. Proficiency self-studying social sciences and humanities of cadets division level of the military school 3.2. Current influencing factors The self studying skills of social sciences and humanities of cadets are affected by many factors. To see the impact of such factors on the skills by looking at students’ GPA, the author analyzes the influence of these factors on self studying skills. The results showed that the elements belonging to students and elements belonging to pedagogy environment have greatest effect on self-learning skills. Therefore, in the process of forming the skills, the responsibilities of 14 Chapter 3 REALITY AND MEASURES AND RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTS 3.1. Reality The author understands that current system of teaching the skills in military universities, he surveyed tudents, teachers, staff management with 16 skill components to evaluate the proficiency of skills. The results showed that the self-learning skills in all three groups are inadequate, so it affected the quality of learning. Results analyzed the correlation between skill groups with self- learning skills in the subjects of Social Sciences and Humanities of cadets division level Correlations Skill group 1 Skill group 2 Skill group 3 Self-study skill Skill group 1 Pearson Correlation 1 .878** .768** .813** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 N 978 978 978 978 Skill group 2 Pearson Correlation .878** 1 .844** .894** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 N 978 978 978 978 Skill group 3 Pearson Correlation .768** .844** 1 .846** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 N 978 978 978 978 Self study skills of social sciences and humanities Pearson Correlation .813** .894** .846** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 N 978 978 978 978 **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2- tailed). 11 Chapter 2 ORGANIZATION AND METHODOLOGY 2.1. Locations, Subjects and Content 2.1.1. Locations The thesis researches on following universities: School of Political officer; Army officer school no 1; Institute of Logistics; Military Technical Institute. 2.1.2. Subjects Subjects of this research includes 978 cadets (Army officer school no 1: 320; School of Political officer: 164; Institute of Logistics: 300; Military Technical Institute: 194; 60 Teachers and 40 faculty managers. 2.1.3. Content - Clarify the theoretical issues of self-learning skills in terms of psychology. - Survey and assess the current practices of self study skills of social sciences and humanities of cadets at military universities. - Based on study results, the author proposes some psychological measures to improve the skills. - Experiment the skills practices at these universities. 2.2. Research Steps Step 1: Theoretical studies and preliminary survey Step 2: Survey the situation and conduct empirical Step 3: Synthesis of research results and further supplement the thesis Step 4: Completed the thesis. 2.2.1. Exploratory survey Purpose: determine the subjects of this research, experiment some practices and adjust research methods. 12 Content: use the form I to poll cadets, form II referendum and form III to poll teachers and faculty managers. Subjects: subjects are 978 cadets and 100 teachers and faculty managers. 2.2.2. Official Research 2.2.2.1. Content Based on the survey results, the author focuses on the following main issues: - Look at the current situation and the factors affecting self-learning skills of social sciences and humanities of cadets at division level. - Propose, analyze and expirement measures to improve the skills. 2.3. Research Methodology Observation method, Investigation method, Interview method, Experts method; Methods of processing and analyzing data, Experimental Methods. 2.4. Scale and evaluation criteria 2.4.1. Scale To evaluate the proficiency of the skills, the author uses 3- level scale: level 1 is the lowest, 3 is the highest level, then grade each skill level. The author graded: low proficiency skills (1 point), medium proficiency skills (2 points) and proficiency skills (3 points). The influencing factors: not affected ( 1 point ) , low impact ( 2 points ), affected lot ( 3 points ) . Rating Calculation: average point = X ± 1SD 13 Chapter 2 Conclusion Self studying skills of social sciences and humanities of cadets at division level are viewed by approaching learning activity - operational skills - self-taught skills. This thesis use several methods such as theoretical research method, observation method, method of conversation, method of investigation, experimental methods, interviewing and methods of experts. To evaluate levels of self studying skills of social sciences and humanities of cadets and measure the results the author conducts laboratory experiments, use statistical software to process results. The author uses SPSS 16.0 software to receive data of the subjects by mathematical methods. This allows the author to obtain the reliable results and conclusions, which is the basis to obtain the research results objectively and scientifically with high accuracy.