Nghe An is a potential area for tourism development with rich potential development of
marine resort, cultural tourism, spiritual tourism, ecotourism Through the development
phases, the tourism industry of Nghe An has achieved many remarkable achievements
especially on domestic tourists. However, in recent years, the economic crisis has been affecting
many sectors including tourism. Nghe An Province has had many positive actions to partly limit
the influences of the economic crisis through the promulgation and implementation of programs
and projects for tourism development in the province. However in order to develop the
province's tourism industry in a sustainable way, it is necessary to establish the strategy for
tourism development with more specific orientations and activities.
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summing up the dissertation for sustainable tourism development and
strategies for sustainable tourism development, the project has identified the objective and
subjective factors that influent to strategic tourism development of a province, the objective
factors include: state policies and local development of sustainable tourism, environmental law
and local state of sustainable tourism development, the advantage compare geographical
location and role for sustainable tourism development, the comparative advantages of
geography and natural potential for sustainable tourism development, the development trend of
demand for domestic and foreign sustainable tourism, social infrastructure in general and local
in particular for sustainable tourism development and awareness of local communities about
sustainable tourism. Group subjective factors include: Awareness of the role and importance of
formulating strategies for sustainable tourism development of local leaders; local investment for
sustainable tourism development; level of management staff and direct construction,
implementation planning, tourism development strategy; workforce of the local tourism
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industry; competitiveness of local tourism businesses; promote the dissemination and promotion
of tourism development.
- Building data and objects survey information (including enterprises, tourism managers,
tourists and locals), ensuring the representativeness, objectiveness, as basis for evaluating the
conditions of strategic sustainable tourism development in Nghe An province and analyzing the
influence of objective and subjective factors related to the strategy for sustainable tourism
development of Nghe An province.
* Practical contributions drawn from research results
- Analyzing topic and learning experience through previous studies in the field of
sustainable tourism development as well as related documentation inside and outside abroad in
order to draw experience lessons for the building strategy of sustainable tourism development
of Nghe An.
- On the basis of secondary data, the subject has generalized the situation of tourism
development of Nghe An province on a number of criteria such as the number of tourists, the
contribution of tourism to the socio-economic development of province .
- Based on the data and survey information objects (including business, tourism managers,
tourists and locals), subjects were shown the existing problems, limitation and reasons as well
as issues that need to continue to improve in order to build strategy for sustainable tourism
development of Nghe An province.
- Making recommendations in order to support the implementation of solutions for
strategy sustainable tourism development in Nghe An province include: Improving
environmental assessment of tourism development, completion of work planning, tourism
development plan, including promoting regional links and tourist areas, perfecting the
institutions and policies for implementing the strategy and mobilize all resources for the
development of sustainable tourism, improvement evaluation strategy for sustainable tourism
development
- Proposed some recommendations for enterprises and concerned organizations.
Solutions and recommendations of the research is basically consistent with the general
development trend of the field of sustainable development in the tourism industry, and in line
with the strategy, planning and tourism development of Vietnam in general and Nghe An
province in particular until 2020.
Above is the contribution of theoretical and practical aspects of the project contribute to
improving the theoretical and practical strategy for sustainable tourism development in Nghe
An Province
6. Overview of the Study
There are some research on tourism and development strategies inside the country and in
the world. A common characteristic of these studies published was limited to the study of
tourism development on some certain aspects, referring mainly to the solution of sustainable
tourism development at a local . The research strategy of sustainable tourism development of
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Nghe An is a matter yet to be drill works on research ... To fill that knowledge gap, there should
be an in-depth study more comprehensive and relevant to the sustainable development strategy
of tourism in Nghe An province. So it can affirm that the research: "Strategy for sustainable
tourism development in Nghe An province to the year 2020" is not identical to the study
published in the country and abroad.
7. Structure of the Thesis
In addition to the cover page, table of contents, list of tables, figures, abbreviations,
overview of the research, conclusions, list of references and appendices, the Thesis were
structured into 3 chapters as follows:
- Chapter 1: Some basic theoretical issues about sustainable tourism development
strategies of a local.
- Chapter 2: Current status of the construction and implementation of the sustainable
tourism development strategy of Nghe An.
- Chapter 3: Suggested solutions to partly contribute in construction and implementation
for the strategy for sustainable tourism development in Nghe An up to 2020, vision 2030.
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CHAPTER 1
SOME BASIC THEORETICAL ISSUES ABOUT
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF A LOCAL
1.1. BASIC CONCEPTS AND ROLES OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
STRATEGY
Synthesis, analysis and unified view of sustainable tourism development (STD) and
strategy for STD, includes:
- The concept of sustainable development;
- The concept of sustainable tourism;
- The opinions of sustainable tourism development in the world.
- The concepts of strategy
- The concepts of strategy for STD: Based on the synthesis and analysis of relevant
concepts, the author introduced the concept of strategy for STD as follow: "Strategy for
sustainable tourism development is a common path and the key and overall solutions to
develop tourism in a sustainable way".
1.2. CONSTRUCTION AND IMPLEMENTION PROCESS OF STRATEGY FOR STD OF
A LOCAL
Contents of a strategy for STD includes:
- Building strategic targets:
+ Analyze the environment for STD
+ Building strategic targets
- Master plan tourism development of a local in a sustainability way.
- Make a plan of sustainable tourism development.
- Build institutions, policies of a local to implement the strategy for STD.
- Implement, assess and amend the strategy.
1.3. STANDARDS FOR ASSESSING THE STRATEGY FOR STD AT A LOCAL
- According to quantity
- According to quality
1.4. FACTORS AFFECTING THE STRATEGY FOR STD OF A LOCAL
- Objective factors:
+ Development trends of tourism demand towards the factors of sustainable
development
+ Policies for sustainable tourism development of government and local.
+ Competitiveness in tourism business
+ Natural potential advantages for sustainable tourism development
+ Comparative advantages of geographical location for sustainable tourism development
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+ Social infrastructure in general and local in particular for sustainable tourism
development
+ Awareness of local communities in developing sustainable tourism
+ Legal Environment of the State and local for sustainable tourism development
- Subjective factors:
+ Awareness of local leaders about the role and importance of building the strategy for
STD.
+ Financial capacity for sustainable tourism development of the province.
+ Qualification of management officials in constructions, direction and implementation
the strategy for STD.
+ Competitiveness of tourism enterprises.
+ Human recourse of tourism of the local.
+ Promotion and marketing
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CHAPPTER 2
CURRENT STATUS OF THE CONSTRUCTION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF
THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF NGHE AN
2.1. GENERAL FEATURES OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC OF NGHE AN PROVINCE
INVOLVE IN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
2.1.1. Natural features of Nghe An province concerning tourism development
Nghe An province has good natural characteristics for tourism development with a coastline
of 82km, 6 bays facilitate for maritime transport, road infrastructure, railway, waterway and
airway. Nghe An is located in the tropical monsoon with cold winters and divided into two
seasons: summer is hot, humid, rainy and winter is cold, little rain.
Regarding tourism potential, Nghe An has plentiful, varied which are not much affected by
human exploitation. Typical landscapes can be listed as Pu Mat National Forest, Pu Huong, Pu
Hoat. The diversity of plants and animals, as well as the diversity of the cave system, waterfalls,
etc. combined with clean and flat coastline, fresh environment with a diversity of natural
tourism resources and humanities is favorable conditions for tourism development.
2.1.2. Socio-culture features of Nghe An involve in tourism development
- Cultural values for tourism development: There are over 1,000 monuments have been
identified, including 125 monuments are nationally ranked, 109 relics are provincial ranked,
24 typical festivals popular with community activities.
- Population and labour source for tourism: The province has abundant labor source
with over 1.5 million people, of which 1.38 million people work in the economic sector.
Every year more than 30 thousand people added. The province has 7 tourism training
organization, which has three colleges and two vocational schools. Every year, there are
about 2,000 students graduated from these training organizations. There human resources
has not met the demand both in quality and quantity.
- Transportation system: Transportation system in Nghe An can be invested to upgrade,
extend in order to create preconditions for attracting tourism investment projects in operating
some key destinations, particularly the Western region. However, up to now many routes
connecting with major economic areas, urban areas, industrial zones ... have not yet completed.
- Other tourism potentials:
+ Education, training and health care: There are 6 universities, 17 colleges and 8
secondary schools at the province. University has diversify faculties with 30 different
faculties with capacity 15.000 students/year; 10.000 students/year from colleges; the school
trained technical workers and vocational training and the vocational training centers in the
districts. The province has quite good network of provincial hospital, district and regional
polyclinics and health centers network communes relatively well
+ Telecommunication: There are relatively complete branches of all postal service
providers and telecommunication network coverage most of the communes in the province.
Regarding the application of information technology, all the localities in the province has
10
applied electronic mail system with locale names, electronic office. Local authorities
already have web portal and initially provide online public services. Information technology
has also been applied in production, business and social cultures to varying degrees
depending on the characteristics and conditions of each local and each fields.
+ Electricity, water and communication: Basically meet the requirements of tourism
destinations. However, there has been difficulty in the dry season when the general power
shortage in the country will be affected to the use of electricity in the area, tourist destinations.
2.1. CURRENT STATUS OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE PAST TIME OF NGHE
AN PROVINCE
2.2.1. Growth in tourism and tourism's contribution to Socio- economic growth of Nghe
An province
According to the data of Nghe An Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism, revenue and
contribution of tourism to the province's GDP increased continuously during the past 10 years.
From 385.4 billion VND and contributed 1.3% of GDP in 2005, total tourism revenue in 2014
reached 2,381 billion (not including revenue from transporting passengers by rail, aviation)
increased by 13% compared with same period of 2013 and reached 106% of the plan year in
which sales of international tourists reached 11.9 million, contributing 4.2% to the GDP of the
province. Tourism development of Nghe An has also contributed to improving the living
standards of the people, to solve many social problems, create more job chances for the people.
For tourists to Nghe An recent period, according to statistics, in 2014 the total number of
tourists staying in the province reached 5.9 million, equal to 109% compared with 2013, of which
international tourists reached 155.70 respectively, by 112% over the same period in 2013.
Table 2.1: Times of tourists come to Nghe An in the period 2005-2014
Unit: thousand times of tourists
Year International Domestic Total
2005 40,90 1.359,92 1.400,82
2006 47,02 1.543,56 1.590,58
2007 69,74 1.852,69 1.922,43
2008 84,28 2.074,07 2.158,35
2009 86,85 2.115,00 2.201,85
2010 104,82 3.903,00 4.007,82
2011 105,26 4.191,01 4.296,27
2012 122,09 4.819,78 4.941,87
2013 138,82 5.327,85 5.466,67
2014 155,70 5.834,00 5.986,70
Source: Nghe An Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism
2.2.2. The reality of infrastructure for tourism development
The province has one 5-star hotel, five 4-star hotels 5, fifteen 3-star hotels and nearly 100
rated from 1 to 2 stars hotels with over 1,500 reception staff are trained from various schools
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but different qualification. However, they had made great efforts in performing their duties. In
terms of distribution, hotels concentrated in Vinh City and Cua Lo Town, in other areas,
accommodation facilities not currently meet the requirements of both quantity and quality..
Table 2.2: Accommodation infrastructure of Nghe An in the period 2000 - 2014
2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Number of
accommodation bases
86 201 455 500 572 608 665
Number of rooms 2.470 5.219 10.392 11.440 12.704 13713 15.138
Source: Nghe An Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism
The shopping centers, entertainment points are also being built to serve tourists. Although
it is facilitated with the policies of attracting investment but at present a modern shopping
center in Cua Lo has not been built yet. This is a weakness in infrastructure.
2.2.3. Situation of human resources for tourism of Nghe An
Up to December 11/2014, total number of labour working in the tourism sector in Nghe
An province was approximately 11,300 people. It is estimated that to the end of 2015 the
number of labour will be about 39 278 and in 2020 this figure could reach 80 284 people.
However, there are still many shortcomings in tourism human resources in Nghe An and
has not meet the demand of integration trend. Regarding quantity, tourism enterprises are
mostly small scale so the average number of employees is low. Besides, the weakness in the
foreign language skills of the majority of cadres and workers make them face many difficulties
in communication, promotion and expansion market of international visitors. Most enterprises
tourist in the province of Nghe An is currently small, seasonal activities so they did not pay
much attention to training high skilled workers.
2.3. ANALYSE, ACCESS THE CURRENT STATUS OF THE CONSTRUCTION AND
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STRATEGY FOR STD OF NGHE AN.
2.3.1. Analyze the environment for doing tourism business, master plan and making
plan of tourism development.
The work of analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, challenges has been started
but just stopped at some basic contents, not to be done methodically, professionally and
frequently. From analytical work to the option to make strategic model for STD still limited.
Nghe An province need to further improve the work of identifying the strengths and weaknesses
of the tourism industry, leveraging the strengths and limitations of weakness when building
strategy for STD.
The forecast of domestic tourists to Nghe An perform relatively well, the figures forecast
in the plan, program or scheme for STD was relatively closed to the real results. However, due
to fluctuations of the international tourism market and the impact from the world economic
crisis should forecasts international tourist arrivals to Nghe An have significant deviations.
Regarding the work of building targets of tourism development, tourism target of Nghe
An basically ensure the proper and specific, consistent with the overall objectives of Vietnam,
the province in the neighborhood and socio-economic objectives of the province
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Overall planning for tourism development up to 2020 of Nghe An province is the
foundation to build programs and projects of tourism development of the province and other
localities in the province. Nghe An has planned key tourism areas such as Cua Lo Beach, Vinh
City, Nam Dan ... The master plan for those tourism area are conducted according to the right
order, starting from calling for investment in tourism, have created favorable conditions for
natural resource management, tourism product development and partly contribute to the socio-
economic efficiency. However according to the evaluation, planning work was slow
deployment, planning is difficult to perform or improper performance of the approved content.
Regarding the work of building tourism development plan, in general it is seen that Nghe
An tourism development program period 2006 -2010 has basically met the requirements of the
tourism development of the province. The projects such as sea-island tourism development of
Nghe An up to 2020, the project of tourism development of the western Nghe An in 2007-2010
also had the basic orientation to the sustainable tourism development. However, these STD
activities have not been implemented effectively.
2.3.2. The real implementation of tourism development efforts of Nghe An in the time being
Regarding the dissemination of tourism development targets of Nghe An to enterprises
has been concerned and implemented well. However, it should be more specific in
implementing dissemination and propagation tourism development targets for businesses,
tourism management levels. In the future, need to continue to enhance the effectiveness of this
work, ensuring tourism enterprises in the province get relating necessary information,
contributing to the development of Tourism Industry of Nghe An.
Regarding the investment and attracting investment for facilities serving tourism
development, the province was interested in investing in infrastructure for the tourism industry,
and gradually invested additional services such as restaurants, entertainments and shopping
points but this work is still limited by the difficulty in calling for investment. Accommodation
bases mainly concentrated in the major tourist destinations and only focused on operating
marine tourism as well as cultural tourism therefore attracted mostly domestic visitors.
Investment activities on tourism development: Land transport, air transport are continue to
be upgraded, expanded. It continuously to invest in projects of marine tourism, resorts, and
interested in invest in building and conserving of cultural and historical relics, improving
qualification of tourism staff. In additions, investments in security, safety guarantee for tourists
as well as environmental protection. The limitation of investment budget is one of the biggest
problems of the province. Besides, there is no public toilets in any tourism regions, no huge
investment projects, particularly foreign investment projects, shopping points with poor
souvenirs.
Regarding investments for tourism human resources: The province has actively promoted
the work of training human resources on environmental protection, improve foreign languages
skills (including the rare languages such as Thai, Korean, Japanese, etc.), as well as sending
officers to abroad for training. However, enterprises in Nghe An are mostly small scale
therefore the average number of employees is low, the workforce is affected by seasonality,
labor quality is not high, lack of management skills. Besides, the course is not close to reality,
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the training program is not unified that affected the output quality. Enterprises also faced
difficulty in keeping their qualified staff after be trained due low and poor salary policies.
Source: Author’s survey
Figure 2.1:Assessment of the tourism enterprises in some policies of training and attracting
tourism personnel of Nghe An
Regarding investment in improving the quality and diversifying tourism products: Most
companies and managers informed that quality of hotel services is low, staff qualification in the
province's tourism industry is at normal level and can not meet the request. Besides, the
management staff level is not high, the quality of accommodation services stayed at low level
and was inadequate. In the future, the province should further enhance the investment in
improving the quality of accommodation services to meet the requirements of tourism
development.
According to the survey, the tourism products of Nghe An are mainly grow in breadth
with not high quality & efficiency, monotonous, no typical tourist products, no large investment
projects, difficult to attract international tourists. Conducting traveling tour of Nghe An
enterprises is poor with no innovation to attract visitors.
There are many possible causes including: Mechanisms and policies of tourism, tourism
promotion, tourism investment, product links ... The factors affecting diversity of tourism
products includes: the promotion of tourism, tourism investments, human resources, tourism
seasonality, policy mechanisms, tourism product links.
Regarding the quality of tourist services, the majority of enterprises said that the quality
of tourism services is low, the survey also showed that factors affecting the quality of tourism
services including business management skills in tourism is low, tourism human resources is
normal and inadequate infrastructure for tourism.
The province had issued legal documents to protect environment for tourism. At the same
time, localities had also issued and performed relatively well on environmental protection
regulations such as building tourist models of people involve in environmental protection in the
wards, communes, etc. tourism areas was equipped with public bins, signposts to raise
14
awareness of local people. Maritime rescue work has been paid much attention to be invested
to ensure safety for tourists. The remaining problems of such systems are listed as inadequate
public toilets at tourist sites, no common areas for rubbish processing; traditional villages
excess wastewater that causes environmental pollution, management team has poor
understanding of environmental protection activities.
Source: Author’s survey
Figures 2.2: Some criteria affecting tourism services quality of Nghe An Province.
Tourism promotion has been continuously invested and get significant achievements.
Images, destinations, tourism products of the province have been widely advertised; many
events, promotional activities are organized, particularly the province has signed a tourism
development agreement with several provinces, cities as Ho Chi Minh City, Da Nang city and
so on. The province also worked with other international tourism organizations to coordinate
tourism promotion for Nghe An image, attract more international tourists to visit in Nghe An
Some remaining still exist, such as the promotion of international tourism is still low, the
number of international tourists knew about Nghe An Tourism is not high, due to the market
research are not formal, not clearly identified potential beneficiaries leading to waste in
advertisement and not effectively...
Source: Author’s survey
Figures 2.3: Evaluate the effectiveness of tourism promotion of Nghe An province
15
Mechanisms and management policies, the province has issued a number of mechanisms
and policies to attract investment, reform administrative procedures, training officials, enhance
promotion in order to create the more attractive investment. The management officials has paid
more attention in the label, the criteria of STD such as a sustainable tourism labeled “Blue lotus
flower”. Some limitations remained: the administrative procedures are cumbersome, lead to
difficulty for investors; some localities are lack of creative initiation in propaganda of seeking
investment partners, limited clearance etc.
Connection activities in tourism development between Nghe An tourism and other
provinces as well as among localities within province has remained to be weak. However, the
connection between tourism and other sectors in the province has certain advantages. In recent
years, the province has also actively conducted many joint activities, promote tourism at home
and abroad, initially yielded positive signs.
Source: Author’s survey
Figures 2.4: Tourism Enterprise’s evaluation on tourism connection activities of
Nghe An province.
Additionally, Nghe An province are facing many difficulties in the attraction of local
communities in tourist activities due to low income, seasonality of tourism, the ineffective
people support policy, lack of dissemination of knowledge on tourism ...
The province has issued various legal documents to steer on state management for tourism
businesses in the area, environmental protection and security protection at the tourist points
Constantly improve the quality of the advisory steering management agencies meet mission
requirements and conducting inspections, checks on the situation of security, order and safety,
food hygiene, sanitation schools in the district sights key tourism of the province; Working
interest in ensuring food safety and travel security order. Some problems still exist as the tram
system management, price management policies of tourist services is inadequate.
2.3.3. Assessment status of the plan’s implementation and strategic objectives for STD in
Nghe An Province
The assessment of conditions for STD in the province has gradually been more concerned
over specific activities. About tourism potential, the province assessed and master planed the key
16
areas for tourism development including Vinh City, Cua Lo Town, Nam Dan, corresponding with
tourism products are the strength in cultural tourism, festivals, tourist beach resort, cultural and
historical exploitation. The province is also interested in assessing specific objectives as the number
of tourists at home and abroad, tourism market forecasts etc. Besides, the province has organized
numerous meetings and seminars in order to remove difficulties for tourism enterprises. Some
problems still exist as only evaluation in the basic criteria, the system does not have specific criteria
to assess STD ensuring overall tourism activities; information collection has not been paid much
attention; qualified management is low etc.
2.4. OVERALL EVALUATION
2.4.1. Obtained achievements
By analyzing the situation, the subject has concluded on the results of the strategic
deployment of developing national tourism in specific conditions develop strategy for STD in
Nghe An on the following issues:
- Analysis of business travel environment
- forecast of tourism development
- Building objectives for tourism development
- tourism development plan of the province
- plans and programs for tourism development
- The dissemination of tourism development objectives of Nghe An province to travel
companies
- Investment and attracting investment for facilities to serve the development of tourism
- Investment in human resources of tourism
- Investment to improving the quality and diversity tourism products
- Investment for environmental protection activities
- Tourism promotion
- Management policy to ensure support and monitor the implementation of the objectives
of tourism development in Nghe An province
- The evaluation of the implementation plan and strategic objectives for sustainable
tourism development in Nghe An Province
2.4.2. The limitations and reasons
* Besides these achievements, some limitations should resolve include:
First, the environmental objectives are not mentioned and set clear, specific data were not
available to clarify the results to be achieved in the province's goal of tourism development for
environmental protection and embellishment tourism resources etc.
Second, the planning work was slow and difficult or improper performance of the basic
contents approved. Unexploited tourism potential, no linked programs to construct together
specific tourism products, monitoring the implementation of plan was weak leading to
investment did not comply with the plan
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Third, investment in implementing elements of tourism development goals not met
requirements. Fail to attract visitors from the high market, the quality of accommodation are not
really good and unequal, the supplementary services such as shopping centers, entertainment
are weak, provincial revenues from tourism remains low compared to the country.
* Causes of the limitations:
- First, Nghe An province is difficult area, uneven literacy, tourism operators affected by
seasonality. Natural disasters occur frequently.
- Second, the resources of the provincial tourism distribute unfocusedly but scattered all
over the province, It makes difficulty to invest in infrastructure and transport.
- Third, infrastructure and technical facilities are limited and can not meet the full
requirements of the traveler. It’s no key investment projects.
- Fourth, the system of accommodation are small and lack of amenities, the additional
services are poor, the accommodation primarily concentrated in the major tourist sites and lack
of Entertainment As Well As Shopping center.
- Fifth, the global economic crisis led to tourists spend more limited, usually tourists in
transit.
- Sixth, the majority of enterprises are small, weak competitiveness, link together limited,
lack of staff, management, foreign languages, skilled workers. The enterprises are not really
serious about training of skilled personnel. The enterprises in the province are difficult to retain
good employees.
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CHAPTER 3
SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS TO PARTLY CONTRIBUTE FOR CONTRUCTION AND
IMPLEMENTATION THE STRATEGY FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
DEVELOPMENT IN NGHE AN UP TO 2020, VISION 2030.
3.1. ECONOMIC STATUS, CONCEPTS AND TARGETS OF NGHE AN TOURISM
DEVELOPMENT TO 2020, VISION 2030
3.1.1. Identify the advantages and disadvantages from the context of domestic and
international economy, for the development of tourism.
- The tourism sector is growing and bringing positive signals for the economy.
- Some issues related to political instability, conflict are the causes affecting the
development of the tourism industry worldwide.
- In the country, the political situation, society is stable, reputation and image of Vietnam
was improving as the favorable conditions for tourism development. However, shortcomings in
the organization of management, human factors are hindering the development of tourism.
3.1.2. The concept of tourism development of Nghe An towards sustainability.
- Continue to exploit the strengths of tourism resources to make tourism development
become a key economic sector, connect Nghe An tourism with other tourism region in a
sustainable way.
- Tourism development towards professional, modern, focus on key points. Tourism
development in depth to ensure efficiency, rebranding and competitiveness.
- Expanding and combining forms of tourism in order to create a diversity of tourism
products.
- Enhancing socialization of tourism industry to mobilize domestic and foreign resources
- Tourism development need to be tied with conservation and promotion the nation's
cultural values, preservation of landscapes, protection of environment, security and defense.
3.2. SOME SOLUTIONS TO PARTLY BUILD THE STRATEGY FOR SUSTAINABLE
TOURISM DEVELOPMENT OF NGHE AN
3.2.1. Suggested models of STD strategy of Nghe An
The author would like to suggest the choice of models of STD strategy as follow:
Table 3.1: Suggest to analyze SWOT and choose strategy model of STD of Nghe An province
SWOT
Opportunity (O) Threats (T)
O1: The open door policy
of integration of Vietnam.
O2: The world’s concern
of Vietnam
O3: Vietnam has plenty of
famous landscapes
O4: The Government pay
attention and create
favorable condition for
T1: Nghe An tourism
industry is in the early stage
of development.
T2: The world varied badly
(terrorism, pandemics,
natural disasters ...)
T3: Competition from
other countries within area.
T4: Weak connection
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tourism development.
O5: The trend of
international travelers to
countries with stable
political situation
among tourism industry
and with other industry.
T5: Weak diversification
of tourism products.
T6: Not synchronized legal
documents on tourism.
T7: Over exploitation of
natural environment.
Strength (S) + Combine S1, S2, S3, S8
and O1, O2, O3, O4, O5,
strategic choice to focus
attracting domestic and
foreign tourists, especially
international tourists to
Nghe An.
+ Combine S3, S4, S7 and
O1, O2, O4, choose
strategy to leverage internal
and external investment to
the tourism sector.
Especially to tourism
infrastructure
+ Combine S1, S2, S3, S4,
S7, S8 and O2, O3, O4, O5
strategic choice to diversify
tourism products, affiliate
products inside and outside
the province to create
competition for parks and
tourist areas.
+ Combine S1, S2, S3 and
T1, T2, T3: Choose
strategy to continue
focusing on attracting
domestic tourists, gradually
attracting international
tourists.
+ Combine S1, S2, S3, S4,
S7, S8 and T1, T3, T4, T5:
Choose strategy of
diversification of tourism
products, affiliate products
inside and outside the
province to create
competition for tourist
areas.
+ Combine S4, S5, S7 and
T6, T7: Choose the strategy
to complete legal
documents on tourism and
environmental protection.
S1: Favorable geographical
location
S2: Rich tourism resources
S3: Favourable infrastructure
and technical base for
tourism development.
S4: Master plan for
Tourism development was
paid much attention.
S5: Legislation system is
completing by time.
S6: Big potential of labour
for tourism of Nghe An.
S7: Preferential policies for
tourism development in the
province is quite favorable.
S8: Good experience of
tourism development.
weakness (W) + Combine W2, W3, W7,
W8 and O2, O4, O5:
Choose the strategy to
preserve, embellish and
development of tourism
resources.
+ Combine W4, W8 and
O1, O2, O4, O5: Choose
the strategy of developing
human resources both in
quality and quantity.
+ Combine W1, W2, W5,
W8 and O2, O3, O4, O5:
Choose the strategy to
diversify tourism products,
affiliate products inside and
outside the province to
create competition for
+ Combine W1, W2, W5,
W8 and T1, T3, T4, T5:
Choose strategy to
diversify tourism products,
affiliate products inside and
outside the province to
create competition for
tourist areas.
+ Combine W2, W8 and
T1, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7:
Choose the strategy to
strengthen the effectiveness
of state management of
tourism activities in the
province. To strengthen the
organizational structure of
the state.
+ Combine W5, W6, W8
W1: Not good condition of
climate for tourism
development.
W2: Less effective
management and
exploitation of tourism
resources.
W3: Infrastructure,
technical base have not met
the requirement of the
industry.
W4: Lack of high-
qualified-labour.
W5: Tourism products
monotony, lack of
connection between the
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tourism products.
W6: Less effective
activities of tourism
promotion.
W7: Limitation in capital
and technology investment.
W8: State management of
tourism also present
shortcomings.
tourist areas.
+ Combine W4, W5, W6,
W7, W8 and O1, O2, O4,
O5: Choose the strategy to
enhance tourism promotion
both internal and external.
+ Combine W7, W8 and
O1, O2, O4, O5: Choose
the strategy to enhance
investment in capital and
technology for tourism
activities.
+ Combine W8 and O1,
O4: Choose the strategy to
improve the effectiveness
of state management on
tourism activities.
and T1, T3, T4, T5:
Choose strategy to
strengthen the connection
among tourism activities
including tourism products
inside and outside of
province, connection
between tourism industry
and other industries, with
other organizations.
Source: Suggestion of the author.
3.2.2. Complete the master plan and plan for tourism development
- Improving the system of legal documents related on the basis of the Law on Tourism to
suit the conditions and circumstances of local investment attraction
- Apparatuses tourism management organization from the provincial to the local level,
creating favorable conditions for tourism development planning, creating strong links, ensuring
the rights and interests between localities. While enhancing inter-agency coordination to
enhance management efficiency.
- Investigate, assess and classify, manage the province's tourism resources, forming a
database of local tourism service for the construction of tourism development plan
- The Department of Cultural, Sports and Tourism direct to check, making plan of the
order of priority for development planning tourist areas, major tourist attractions, the national
tourist destinations.
- Continue to improve the qualification of tourism management officials, state officials
relating tourism industry.
- The Department of Cultural, Sports and Tourism cooperate with other relating
organization to solve obstacles and difficulties in building and implementing the master plan for
STD strategy.
- Encourage the connection activities among localities within a region; the construction
and implementation of the strategy should be based on the connection of tour, tourism
promotion.
- Enhance the connection with other North Middle Provinces as well as the provinces of
the country; cooperation with key markets such as Laos, Thailand, Myanmar, Japan, Western
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Europe ..., in order to enlist support tourism resources and promote the image of tourism in
Nghe An.
3.2.3. Iimprove quality and diversify tourism products and services
- Market expansion solutions:
Promote research and selection of new target markets, use marketing policies to penetrate
markets where the province's tourism industry forward. Apply strategy to diversify, attract and
develop in the market group. Strengthening the promotion activities in depth in the key
international markets such as the ASEAN countries, the countries in the Greater Mekong Sub
region and the East-West Corridor, Northeast Asian market.
- Improve quality of tourism products and services:
Development focused typical tourism products on the basis of bringing in to full play the
strength of the province's tourism potential which is unique, distinctive and prominent.
Diversifying tourism products aiming to overcome seasonality. Strengthening connection of
tourism product development, that is high competition, avoiding duplication. Emphasis on
improving the quality of tourism services and the conditions for development of tourism
products, make them be competitiveness with good brand.
The tourism product group should be focused on development in the future, including:
- Historical relics, cultural travelling: Kim Lien relic, Nam Dan.
- Marine resorts: Cua Lo beach, Dao Ngu Island, Lan Chau Island, Cua Hoi beach.
- Eco-tourism: Pu Mat National Garden; Pu Hoat Nature Reservation area.
- Heritage Travel: Concentrate in Vinh city such as Quyet mountain; Phuong Hoang
Trung Do, Ho Chi Minh Statue, Ho Chi Minh Square, Hong Son Temple, Can Linh pagoda,
Vinh ancient citadel, general museum of Nghe An, So Viet Nghe Tinh museums, Museum of
military Region IV, the historic cultural relics at Ben Thuy junction, Vinh power plant ...
Formation of shopping malls, conferences, services establishments and entertainment for
visitors. Building capacity to meet the demand of visitors to travel in a long time, using the
advantage of marine tourism to develop products more attractive for tourists. Focusing on
protecting the environment during exploitation, product development, protection of the marine
environment.
In addition, it is necessary to develop the field of food & beverage for visitors, especially
in special and traditional food, like eel porridge, grilled fresh squid ... cuisine and specialty
items as a gift of Nghe An to serve tourists.
The tourism management agencies should conduct an investigation and assessment of the
current state of the tourism products and the unexploited potential to develop feasible plans of
creation for good quality tourism products, able to compete with tourism products in other
areas, countries and the world.
3.2.4. Increase investment in tourism development
22
- Increase investment in tourism infrastructure; attract private sector to invest in tourism
infrastructure, technical facilities, increase State budget to invest in tourism development,
especially the potential areas. Enlist the support of foreign countries to strengthen tourism
potential, environmental protection and so on.
- Mobilize and diversify financial resources from internal and external invested in
tourism training institutions, restore, mining tourism resources, diversify tourism products and
so on. Establish policies to attract available capital from people for tourism development
investment.
3.2.5. Complete institutions, policies for tourism development
- Policies and institutions solutions:
+ Policies relating investment: Give priority for the development of transport
infrastructure (especially roads and air transport), with the support of the land tax, ground
clearance, environmental pollution treatment and research of clean energy sources etc. Special
offers for new tourist destinations, simplify administrative procedures in tourism etc.
+ Priority for tax exemptions, free tax for some limited tourism investment projects in
key areas of the province like Vinh City, Cua Lo Town, Nam Dan district, Western Region of
Nghe An ... in order to attract investment, develop tourist destinations
+ Market policy: Need to support budget for market research activities, strengthen
financial support and socialize tourism promotion activities in the short and long term.
Simplifying procedures for insurance, banking ..
+ Immigration policy, customs: Improve procedures to create favorable condition for
domestic and international tourists, Improve the security equipment at the borders as well as
convenient services for foreigners such as currency exchange, duty free shops, ...
+ Policy of tourism socialization: to encourage all economic sectors engage in tourism in
many forms, encouraging economic sectors to invest in protecting, restoring historical relics,
landscape, conservation festivals.
+ Mechanisms of linking branches and localities in the province and country: develop
tourism products base on the connection in their promotional activities, tourism investment.
Encourage regional cooperation, build mechanisms.
+ Constructing and conserving existing forms of tourism are the key mission of the
province. At the same time, to develop ecotourism base on principles and specific criteria .
- Improve the effectiveness of state management of tourism.
+ Strengthening the capacity of the State management agencies on tourism from all
levels in order to meet the development requirements of tourism. Clearly defining functions
and creating strong links between the state management agency on tourism and associations;
travel clubs
+ Strictly manage the master plan of tourism development to attract investment, create
connection within the province, continue to improve tourism statistics system, track tightly
23
international tourists as well as domestic tourists to go immediately to improve the quality of
tourism activities in the province
3.2.6. Strengthen connection, promotion, marketing for tourism
Strengthen connection, promotion for tourism includes: Investment for tourism
development; Construction of tourism programs of the local; Promotion and marketing the
image of local, training and development of personnel; Connection with Thanh Hoa and Ha
Tinh provinces to combine beach tour, spirit and cultural tour on the heritage route of the
Middle region among three provinces,... These methods would create favourable condition for
researching to develop the province’s tourism.
Strategy for tourism promotion of the province should be paid attention with deep
development, focus on branding province's tourism, taking the strategy for product
development as the content of building strategy and promotion plan to set up position for
Nghe An tourism in the tourism market tourists both domestic and international.
Using messages and appropriate communication channel, focusing on the
communication channel through the electronic media, the Internet, etc. Develop plans to
promote tourism long-term from 5-10 years and as well as annual.
Actively participate to promote tourism image of Nghe An tourism at any Tourism Fairs
at home and abroad, cooperate with mass media, TV channels, establish Nghe An
representative office at important potential countries, raise the people's awareness in
promoting tourism with rich diverse, attractive content.
3.2.7. Develop human resource for tourism
Complete the policies relating to labor in the tourism sector; Continue to develop a
network of tourism training, invest more in infrastructure and operation conditions, diversify
the tourism training institutions by encouraging to open the training facilities at companies,
particularly focus on folk music in the form “ vi dam”of Nghe An. It is necessary to set up a
training program according to common standards base on the collaboration of multiple
agencies Ministry of Education and Training, Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, etc.
Training programs should be paid special attention to factors of STD, research long-term
programs on tourism base on the program of developed nations. Enterprises also need to
actively organize training programs about tourism for staff and should have policies such as
salary, bonuses, training opportunities abroad etc. to attract and retain employees.
3.3. RECOMMENDATIONS
To facilitate the construction strategy for sustainable tourism development in the province
of Nghe An to 2020 and vision to 2030, the Thesis would like to suggest following
recommendations:
- The recommendations to the state authorities.
- The recommendations to the local authorities.
- The recommendations to relating enterprises and organizations.
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CONCLUSION
Nghe An is a potential area for tourism development with rich potential development of
marine resort, cultural tourism, spiritual tourism, ecotourism Through the development
phases, the tourism industry of Nghe An has achieved many remarkable achievements
especially on domestic tourists. However, in recent years, the economic crisis has been affecting
many sectors including tourism. Nghe An Province has had many positive actions to partly limit
the influences of the economic crisis through the promulgation and implementation of programs
and projects for tourism development in the province. However in order to develop the
province's tourism industry in a sustainable way, it is necessary to establish the strategy for
tourism development with more specific orientations and activities.
To help managers with an overview of the strategy for sustainable tourism development of
a local as well as analyze and evaluate the state of development of the tourism industry as well
as the conditions to build strategy for sustainable tourism development of the province in
several years, as a basis for the proposed strategy for sustainable tourism development in Nghe
An province to the year 2020 and vision to the year 2030.
With the obtained results, the authors hope to help the management authorities in Nghe
An’s tourism sector with suitable decisions and appropriate actions to develop the province's
tourism industry rapidly and sustainably in the coming period. Thereby enhancing the
competitiveness of the tourism industry in Vietnam in general and in Nghe An in particular.
References
Vietnamese documents (65)
English documents (16)
From Internet (3)
The appendix
Appendix1: Sample survey questionnaire for tourism enterprises.
Appendix 2: Sample survey questionnaire for state managers of tourism in Nghe An
Appendix 3: Sample survey questionnaire for tourists about sustainable tourism development
of Nghe An.
Appendix 4: Sample survey questionnaire for local people about sustainable tourism
development of Nghe An
Appendix 5: Preliminary results of the survey
Appendix 6: Some analyzed results of the survey data
Appendix 7: List of surveyed enterprises
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