Tóm tắt Luận án The prevention of female crime in Vietnam

1 2 ministry of education &training ministry of justice ha noi university LY VAN QUYEN THE PREVENTION OF FEMALE CRIME IN VIETNAM Speciality : Criminoloy and crime prevention Code : 62 38 01 05 ABTRACT OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION OF JURISPRUDENCE Ha noi - 2014 3 4 The dissertation is completed at Hanoi Law University Supervisors: 1. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Le Thi Son 2. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Duong Tuyet Mien Reviewer 1: Prof. Dr. Vo Khanh Vinh Reviewer 2: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Van Huyen Reviewer 3: Dr. Tran Manh Dat The thesis is protected at the Council level thesis dot School, meeting at Hanoi Law University. The last hours, days, months, 2014. Thesis can be found at the National Library and the Library of Hanoi Law University THE AUTHOR'S PUBLISHED WORKS RELEVANT TO THE DISSERTATION 1. Ly Van Quyen (2005), “The role of the courts in preventing crime”, Journal of Jurisprudence (No6), p 38-43. 2. Ly Van Quyen (2011), “The current situation by female crime in Vietnam today”, Journal of Jurisprudence (No3), p 47-53. 3. Ly Van Quyen (2013), “The causations of female crime in Vietnam”, Journal of Jurisprudence (No8), p 35-44. 5 6 INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale of the research paper Female in Vietnam is a fundamental forces, resources important factor contributing to the overall development of society. Over thousands of years for the construction of territorial integrity and combat natural disasters, the Vietnam Femalealways promoted the virtues of precious bearing deep as traditional virtues scraped, subject difficult, because her husband sacrificed know and respect family life, marriage seriously. In Vietnam, femaleaccounted for 51% of the labor force in that rural femalestill play a major role in agricultural production activities; besides, femalehave played a major role in housework and raising children, caring for their parents in old age. As the society develops, the more femalethe opportunity to study, work, improve their position in the family and society, to be more devoted to society. However, besides the advantages mentioned above, in recent years, the crime was done by female tends to rise, revealing characteristics of both serious situation and developments. The issue of female offenders in Vietnam was quite clearly reflects the social characteristics of Vietnam in recent years as well as reflecting the distinctive emotional physiology of the female sex offenders female. According to statistics from the Supreme People's Court, on a national scale in 1995 there were 4.151 female offenders instance criminal trial in 2002, the number was 5.603 increased to 135% compared with 1995; 2003 on a national scale there are 6.543 female offenders instance criminal trial in 2007, the number was 7.231, increased to 111%, in 2012 the number was 6.895 people 105% increase over 2003. On average, each year there are approximately 6.570 offenders who suffer instance criminal trial. The crimes done by femaleincreasingly diverse and occur in all localities but focus mainly in Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi. The crimes done by female have higher levels of both is the possession, transportation, sale of illegal drugs; gambling offenses, theft of property; organized crime gambling or silver fixtures; crime fraudulent appropriation of property, prostitution offenses, intentionally causing injury, robbery, property crime, guilty of violating the provisions on conditions of road transport, crime gyssy, abusing trust to appropriate property, murder, extortion, storing, transporting and circulating counterfeit money, counterfeit checks counterfeit bonds and trafficking in women. Facing crime done by femaleincreasingly complex, more from 2003 to now no study of the works on this issue on a national scale, so that a comprehensive study issues female offenders in Vietnam criminological perspective is needed to find solutions to curb the increase in crime and reduce crime in general as well as performed by femalein particular. Therefore, the author chose and research topics: "Prevention of crimes carried out by female in Vietnam" doctoral thesis. 2. Research purposes The purpose of the thesis research is to provide a system of crime prevention measures implemented by female to curb the increasing crime and decreasing female offenders in Vietnam in the coming years. 3. Subjects and scope of research Subjects of the study was to consider the issues and clarify the process of researching the subject, including sex crimes carried out by women, its causes of crime carried out by female and prevention measures crime prevention done by women. Regarding the scope of research, dissertation research from the perspective of criminology: Crime done by female in Vietnam for 10 years from 2003 to 2012. 4. The meaning science and practice of topics In terms of the argument, most of the issues presented, the thesis analyzes the new problems are first studied systematically. The successful 7 8 research problems that can be regarded as a remarkable contribution to criminology in Vietnam. Regarding practice, research, evaluate criminological characteristics of the crime situation because female performed on stage nationwide 2003 - 2012 and identify the causes of crime by female carried out in our country in this period have practical significance for practical crime prevention done by women. Especially in the development of crime prevention measures implemented by female on the basis of determining the existence, operation limitations of the judicial authorities in the fight against crime done by female and in education, rehabilitation of female offenders. OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH ISSUES 1. Overview of researched stituation related to topics Through understanding the evaluation of the results of previous studies in foreign directly related to the scope of research topics, to see the research works in ways different angles as: Biology, psychology, sociology and interdisciplinary. These structures have come up with many different points of view, even contradictory. Hence, the issue of crime carried out by female in Vietnam has gained considerable attention from the scientific and legal research, but this issue has not been studied focused, comprehensive and system. Based on the results of this study can not assess the crime situation done by female in Vietnam during the last 10 years, to create the necessary basis for determining the cause of this type of crime as well as measures taken to improve the effectiveness of crime prevention in Vietnam in the coming time. It also is the generalized problem has not been studied in previous works. 2. Objectives and research scope * Research Objectives The research objective of the thesis was to evaluate the situation of crimes carried out by female in Vietnam for the period 2003 - 2012; identify the causes of crime by female performed in Vietnam for the period 2003 - 2012, proposed measures to prevent crimes carried out by female in Vietnam. * Research Scope To achieve this goal, thesis research should focus on the following: First, the analysis and evaluation of crime carried out by female in Vietnam for the period 2003 - 2012. Second, identify and analyze the factors that cause crime because female performed in Vietnam for the period 2003 - 2012. Third, on the basis of the two above-mentioned contents, making predictions about the status and changes of crime carried out by female in Vietnam in the coming years and to propose measures to prevent crimes by female world done to eliminate or limit the factors that cause crime done by women, contribute to reducing crime in society. 3. Research Methods Research Methods overview of this topic is empirical research method issues relating to crimes carried out by women. Consistent with the study subjects are identified, the different types of research in terms of function is made in the thesis. It is of crime by female performed in Vietnam for the period 2003 - 2012; studies of forecasts to forecast crime a descriptive study to clarify the situation of crimes carried out by female in Vietnam for the period 2003 - 2012; explain research to determine the causes done by female in Vietnam in the coming time and research solutions for the construction of crime prevention measures implemented by female in Vietnam. To achieve the type of research, the specific research methods were appropriate selection and use. Typically, the specific methods of the study group method of data collection, data processing method and hypothesis testing methods. In addition, a number of other methods are also used in combination with the above methods in 9 10 solving the content of the research topic, which is the method of analysis, synthesis and comparison. 4. Summary of new research findings The thesis is a systematic and comprehensive research on the prevention of crimes committed by women in present Vietnam. The thesis has analysed the state of crimes committed by women in Vietnam from 2003 to 2012, drawing its main features as follows: Women offenders accounted for 7,3% of the offenders; the crimes committed by women of the high rate were illegal transportation, possession and purchase of drugs or seizure of drugs (23,99%), gambling (20,71%) and theft (12,82%). The crimes committed by women which had highly increased during this period were: procuring prostitutes, gambling, organising gambling or running gambling-dens and breaching regulations on operating road vehicles; and the number of the female juvenile offenders of 2012 was twice as that of 2003 and comparing to the male juvenile offenders, the female juvenile offenders tended to increase at a higher rate. Also, the thesis has reasoned the causes of crimes committed by women. Those are the negative impacts of the socio-economic development, the negative impacts in the educational environment of the family, the school and the society, the limitations in managing women who are at the high risk of committing crimes and the shortcomings of the procedure - conducting bodies in combating against criminals and in rehabilitating female offenders. On the basis of the studies to clarify the state of crimes committed by women and the causes of crimes committed by women and to forecast the state of crimes committed by women by 2020, the thesis has launched the measures for preventing crimes committed by women in the coming years. Amongst those measures are: creating more jobs for female workers by promoting the economic development; limiting social evils drug addiction, prostitution, gambling, combating against gender inequality; enhancing the management of women who are at the high risk of committing crimes (drug addicts and people with criminal records); and improving the effectiveness of rehabilitation and community reintegration for female offenders. Thus, for preventing crimes committed by women, excluding or limiting social life related causes of committing crimes is of importance. The purpose of the prevention of crimes committed by women is to bring the women as well as the society and ourselves a brighter future. CONTENTS OF THE THESIS Chapter 1 CRIME STITUATION PERFORMANCED BY FEMALE STAGE 2003 - 2012 IN VIETNAM Crime situation is an important research content of the theme of crime prevention, because to explain the causes of crime and come up with measures to prevent crime, we must first be based on research shed light on the crime situation. Research situation of crime done by femaleis necessary to clarify the status and evolution of crime carried out by female in the unit space and time certain units. 1.1. Status of the crimes committed by female in Vietnam for the period 2003 - 2012 Research the status of offenses not only to study the characteristics "quantitative" research, but also features "qualitative" of the state of crime. Assessment of the status of offenses done by female not only assess the status of the level, but also assess the reality of the nature of the crime done by women. 11 12 1.1.1. The reality of the level of crime carried out by female in Vietnam for the period 2003 - 2012 The authors studied the status of crimes carried out by female in Vietnam in the period 2003 - 2012 in terms of the degree is expressed as follows: Firstly, in our country for 10 years from 2003 to 2012, was accused to trial 65.704 women. On average, each year about 6.570 femaleare accused of first instance criminal trial. And also in this phase, trem nationwide level courts have convicted a total of 906.827 first instance in which defendants accused femaleoccupy 65.704 and the rate of 841.123 male defendants 92,7% proportion, 7,3% of the total number of defendants, the level of crime done by femaleis lower than the level of crime carried out by men in our country in this period. Secondly, the average crime index of female offenders in the period 2003 - 2012 is 15. This means that for every 100,000 people, there are 15 girls and femalewho perform criminal acts. Also during this period the index average male offenders is 201. Compare female offenders with male offenders index suggests the male offender is more than 12 times the index female offenders. Current status of femaleless than men guilty of crime has existed until the present time. Explain femaleoffenders less than male offenders may be because female have to undertake productive labor, work as men, but the main responsibility of female still do the housework. And the daily work at home so they retain little chance of crime. Thirdly, hidden female offenders accounted for less than 48.8% of female offenders. 1.1.2. The reality of the nature of the crimes committed by female in Vietnam for the period 2003 - 2012 Baseline study of the nature of the crime is done by female aware of the qualitative characteristics of the contents inside of curent stituation. In order to assess the status of the comprehensive nature of the crime done by women, the author must choose the characteristics of this type of crime is the criterion determining the structure of this crime. The structure is defined according to different criteria will reflect a certain level of reality of the nature of this crime, and will provide the basis to determine the cause of crime is presented in the next chapter thesis. By studying the structural parameters of the crimes carried out by female in Vietnam in the period 2003 - 2012 can be drawn about the nature and characteristics of the crimes committed by females shall be as follows: Firstly, there are three groups of crimes committed by femalewho perform are always high proportion of offenses against public safety, public order (38,42%), drug offenses (24,37%) and offenses against property (23,51%). Secondly, the crimes carried out by femaleare a high percentage is the possession, transportation, sale or seizure of illegal drugs accounted for 23,99%, accounting for 20,71% of gambling crimes and crimes theft accounted for 12,82%. Thirdly, crime done by female occur in key areas such as major cities, Ho Chi Minh City (13,60%), Hanoi (10,62%), followed by a number of local methods such as Tay Ninh (4,19%), Dong Nai (3,3%), Nghe An (2,74%), Son La (2,45%), Kien Giang (2,35%), Quang Ninh (2,26%), Hai Phong (2,18%). Fourthly, crime done by female nature and extent of common danger is less serious offenses and serious offenses accounted for 63,18%. Fifthly, crimes done by female accomplices form a high proportion is 48,46%, in which organized crime accounts for 8,3% rate. Sixthly, penalties apply to offenders are mainly female imprisonment duration (62,19%) and the imprisonment but suspended sentence (30,74%). 13 14 Seventhly, motives and purposes of criminal offenders most female want to make money come from to meet the economic needs of the family or make a lot of money to get rich or make money to satisfy the needs of addicts drug (74,2%). Eightly, the age of female offenders accounted for the highest percentage is from 18 to 45 years old (84,18%). Nightly, female offenders in our country are mostly unemployed (33,9%) and agriculture (22,29%). Tenthly, education level of female offenders are mostly illiterate, primary and lower secondary level (73,34%). Eleventhly, the majority of female offenders in cases of first-time offenders (85,38%). Twelvethly, the circumstances of the crime family are mostly married female (91,70%) and children (98,22%). The level of family living female offenders are mostly middle and low living standards (96,47%). Thirteenthly, the most common consequences due to the crimes committed by female is done to cause physical damage (39,63%) and other losses such as physical or mental damage caused other changes (49,54%). Fourteenthly, the crime done by female victims is largely accounted for 97,29% and individual victims are not known from previous 72%. 1.2. Changes of crimes committed by female in Vietnam for the period 2003 - 2012 Analysis of the changes of the crimes committed by female made to determine the rules allow athletes of crime over time in a given unit of time and space research unit. On the basis of proper awareness campaign criminal laws by female done in a certain period of time, allowing athletes forecast trend of crimes committed by female done in the next year. 1.2.1. Changes of the amount of crime carried out by female in Vietnam for the period 2003 - 2012 Studying the changes in the amount of crime carried out by female in Vietnam for the period 2003 - 2012 can draw some of the following characteristics: Firstly, the amount of the number of female offenders less volatile, the overall trend is a slight increase compared to 2003 the number of years have increased the degree (5 years) more than the year have reduced the degree (4 years). The degree of increase in the average number of female offenders is 0,53%. Secondly, the changes of the number of female offenders in this period the level of the average annual increase (0,53%) lower than the evolution of the number of female offenders in the previous period from 1995 to 2002, the average annual growth rate is 3,04%. Thirdly, the changes of the number of female offenders compared to the number of male offenders each year in this period is different, while the general trend of the number of female offenders is rising slightly, many years have reduced the level of compared to 2003, the general trend of the number of men and male offenders is rising gradually clear, all five are level rise, the average annual growth of 5,9%, male offenders increased about 11 times compared to the growth of female offenders. Fourthly, the evolution of crime in general, and the number of female offenders in particular reducing annual increases vary due to many factors, but there are two basic elements impact. That is the impact of the world economic crisis makes our economy slows, many businesses use as many female workers of textile industry, leather processing... stops working or reduce the scale of production, the rate of female unemployment is high at the most critical issues of society makes the evolution of the number of female offenders increased during the years 15 16 2007, 2008, 2009, crime decreased in female 2010 and 2011 may be due to the Law amending and supplementing some articles of the Penal Code takes effect on the date 19/6/2009, 1/1/2010 did not handle criminal acts for which female done more. 1.2.2. The Changes of the nature of the crimes committed by female in Vietnam for the period 2003 - 2012 Based on research, the assessment of changes of crimes committed by femaleperform in Vietnam for the period 2003 - 2012 according to crime groups, according to the charges and according to the juvenile delinquency female subjects showed the following characteristics: * The changes of crimes committed by female following 14 crime groups are defined in the chapters of the Penal Code. In this offense, there are 14 groups of 2 groups (Chapter XXIII Chapter XXIV) no female offenders were tried and group 4 (Chapter XI, Chapter XIII, Chapter XV and Chapter XXII) have some female offenders be tried little below the average of 10 people in one year. With the number of female offenders less so not reliable enough to evaluate the evolution of crime. Therefore, the thesis evaluates only the evolution of the 8 remaining gang crime in 8 groups, there are 6 groups according to the advocacy group tended to increase and 2 downward movement. Specifically: 6 crimes advocacy groups increasing trend, in which 3 groups increased crime is the crime of positions (Chapter XXI) environmental crimes (Chapter XVII) and the offense of violating safety public, public order (Chapter XIX) had average annual growth rates respectively 20,4%, 14,87%, 7,99%. Next are 3 categories of lower growth include: trespassing order administration (Chapter XX), the offense of violating the order of economic management (Chapter XVI) and offenses against property (Chapter XIV) had average annual growth rates respectively 3,5%, 1,29% and 0,23%. Two gangs downward movement include: offenses against life, health, dignity and honor of the people (Chapter XII) and drug offenses (Chapter XVIII) can reduce the average level per year respectively 8,53% and 4,24%. * 15 The changes of crimes carried out by female in Vietnam for the period 2003 - 2012 showed that 9 crimes have happened in the uptrend and 6 crimes have happened in a downward trend. In 9 crimes have happened in the trend has 4 crimes have increased levels high (above 5%) include: gyssy crime (Article 255); gambling offenses (Article 248); charges of violation controls on road transport (Article 202) and organized crime gambling or places for gambling (Article 249), have average annual growth rates respectively 21,43%, 18,47%, 9,6% and 6,38%. And in 6 crimes have happened in a downward trend, there are three offenses including reduced levels deep: Intentionally cause injury or harm to the health of others (Article 104), murder (Article 93); crime of snap up property (Article 136) has reduced the average annual level 10,74%, 10,78%, 15,25%. * The changes of the number of female juvenile delinquency in our country period 2003 - 2012 there is a rapidly increasing trend, the average annual growth rate of 8%. Compared with the changes of the number male juvenile delinquency, the average annual growth rate is 5,46%, the female juvenile delinquency tend to increase with higher levels (2,54%), which is a worrying problem. The changes of increased number juvenile delinquency in our country in the past year may be due to the following factors: high dropout girls than boys outside economic factors also do not at least family in rural areas economic importance to female thought men should not invest daughter to school that invested only son. Increasing divorce situation that most children are daughters lost prop emotional, often fall prey to negative psychological reactions and negative as opposition, disruptive, wander away from home, engage 17 18 in social evil or sin. Due to lack of parental responsibility or parenting methods lead to damaged daughter, forming lifestyle battens, the measurement lazy or stubborn older child, stubborn. The tension, conflict tends to rise in society, conflicts between people and people, victims of domestic violence are still common and the victims were mostly femaleand girls. The increase of the negative phenomena in society (drugs, prostitution and gambling). The social monitoring for female decreased. And negative effects from violent video games, black Webs and unhealthy movies, photos, books. Chapter 2 CAUSES OF CRIME FEMALE DONE IN VIETNAM As well as general crime, crime is done by female social phenomenon. Therefore, crime is done by female social phenomena bring content, social nature, origin, causes in society. Approach and research from the social causes of crime is increasingly popular trend and connotations. According to this approach, it is necessary to study the offender's sense of social products and social environment in which crime occurred as the basis for determining the causes of crime. Research the causes of crime carried out by female need to identify factors negatively impact the environment, the impact of this factor may have been receiving female offenders become skewed attributes in personality and circumstances, negative life situations may give rise to crime in women. The causes of crime carried out by women, can be divided into four basic groups: 2.1. Economic - social causes These risks and negative impacts from the left side of the transition to a market economy, the process of economic development - social, open and process integration leading to a direct impact on female sex offender as: Firstly, unemployment, under-employment or employment instability or low income have impact, affecting female offenders. Secondly, the negative impact from the left side of the process of urbanization and industrialization for female offenders. Thirdly, the negative impact of social evils opening period given to the influence of female offenders. 2.2. The cultural and educational causes The downside of working with cultural and environmental education as: Firstly, the negative effects of family educational environment can affect femaleoffenders as follows: - A number of incomplete families makes it difficult to monitor, manage and daughters. - Some families, irresponsible parents in the upbringing of his daughter. - A number of families, parents with no educational methods suitable girl. - Some family, daughter entice parents to participate in illegal activities and crime. Secondly, negative side effects from education in the family, another reason not to mention it is a negative impact from education in schools as: - The lack of schools and classes not only in rural areas, regions and remote that even in the big cities, the children are not in school, the education of teachers was difficult. - Educational programs fail to fulfill the comprehensive educational perspective, coupled with action learning. - Status illiterate students, dropouts increased by grade are very concerned that the main cause of the school. 19 20 - The training has not been interest from schools as well as society. Thirdly, the negative impact from limited education, legal advocacy and cultural development in the social environment can give rise to criminal women. Specifically, the following limitations: - Restrictions on education, communication, common law to raise awareness of the law for people of all objects. - Do not be educated on gender equality to family violence, abuse or contempt for femaleshould remain fairly common in society. - Do not be educated on gender equality to family violence, abuse or contempt for femaleshould remain fairly common in society. 2.3. Causes in State management of security and order, and social security The favorable conditions for female offenders include the following factors: Firstly, the limitations and shortcomings in the management of people and households (especially in big cities) in the context of the process of urbanization, industrialization. Secondly, the limitations and shortcomings in the management of subjects with high risk offenders (drug addicts and people with a criminal record). Thirdly, shortcomings in patrolling, guarding and protection of geographical assets. Fourthly, deficiencies in the management of the business establishment conditions, cultural services such as hotels, motels, restaurants, Karaoke, Internet. 2.4. Causes of crime prevention activities and education, rehabilitation female inmates The limitations and shortcomings of the agency conducting the proceedings in this work are: Firstly, limitations in the investigation, prosecution and criminal justice. Secondly, the level of staff of the judicial authority was not required to meet with the fight against crime in the new situation. Thirdly, the shortcomings of the judicial authority only interested in the detection, investigation, prosecution and trial of criminal cases that have not paid adequate attention to crime prevention, particularly prevention crime done by women. Fourthly, enforcement of criminal rehabilitation work and management of female subjects was not possible crime. Chapter 3 FORECAST AND THE CRIME PREVENTION MEASURES CRIME PERFORMANCED BY FEMALE IN VIETNAM 3.1. Forecast of crimes carried out by women Based on the assessment of changes of crimes carried out by female in Vietnam in the period 2003 - 2012 and the change in social life in the fields of economic and socio - cultural - educational, organization organizations - management and situation fight, fight crime crime has affected femaleto be able to predict the trends, changes of crimes carried out by femalein Vietnam since 2020 as follows: 1. Crimes done by femalein general still tend to increase with increase in the average level equal to or more than the previous period. 2. Group sex crimes by femalefollow the chapters of the Penal Code offenses in the next year is the same as in the previous period, in which four gangs higher than the proportion in order from first to four as follows: Group trespassing public safety, public order, criminal drug groups, group offenses against property, trespassing group life, health, 21 22 dignity and honor of the people. Regarding the changes of the crimes committed by femalefollow the chapters of the Penal Code offenses continued movement upward trend equal to or higher than the average annual growth rate of the previous period. In particular criminal group of positions have the highest growth rate. By the following reasons: In the interest of the Party and the State in caring for the career advancement of women, the equality of female with men and engage more actively in economic activities, social Social, political. But at the same time creating opportunities for them to carry out the crime and economic positions. As criminal groups tend to reduce trespassing group life, health, dignity and honor of the people and groups about drug crime. The group this crime has reduced but not sustainable, because the contradictions in society, especially the internal contradictions in people, personality conflict, family conflict, unemployment in the underemployment in urban and rural illiteracy status, are not trained, not reduce drug addicts, relapse rate is high and the country by geographical area, we are close to the "golden triangle" where the drug produced very favorable for the sale and transportation of drugs into the inland. The remaining group of other crimes have complicated the annual increase or decrease but basically no significant change. 3. In the structure of the crimes committed by female mostly perform the following crime: Crime transportation, storage and sale of illegal drugs, prostitution offenses, prostitution brokers, guilty of gambling, organized gambling, theft of property, fraud, asset seizure, trafficking in persons and intentionally causing injury or damaging the health of others. Because, unemployed femaleworkers in urban and rural unemployment, social problems have not decreased: the number of drug addicts has not reduced relapse rate is high, the demand for drugs is very large lead to the sale and transportation of narcotics increasing. 4. The changes of female juvenile delinquency athletes upward trend equal to or higher than the average growth in the previous period (8%). 5. Female participation increased accomplices especially organized crime groups perform drug offenses, gambling and prostitution. 6. Geographical occur crime, committed the offense of femalemainly in Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi and some provinces likes Tay Ninh, Dong Nai, Nghe An, Son La, Kien Giang, Quang Ninh, Hai Phong. Crime forecast done by female since 2020 as the basis for the introduction of measures to prevent crimes done by femalein the future. 3.2. The crime prevention measures Preventing crime done by female as part of crime prevention system in society. Preventing crime done by female include measures according to the content of the action in accordance with the causes of crime carried out by women, can be classified into the following measures: 3.2.1. The economic - social Measures This is the basic measure because it eliminates leading source of crime carried out by women, on the other hand performed well this measure is also the basis to solve the problems of society. Specifically, the need to take the following measures: 1. Investment in economic development to facilitate solving more and more jobs for workers, especially femaleworkers. 2. The solutions for sustainable poverty reduction especially for large families have disadvantaged economically. 3. Overcoming the negative impact of process of industrialization, urbanization. 4. The limited solutions of social evils. This is a peculiar solution to prevent female offenders. Because of the structure of crime carried out 23 24 by femalein our country in recent years concerning crimes and social evils still more than all other crimes combined. The social evils like drug abuse, prostitution and other currency other social evils are the negative factors that affect directly to done by femalein the past year. Therefore, the implementation of measures to help female subjects engaged in social vices such as job training and employment for these subjects (female addicts, prostitutes) also contributed to prevent crime, reduce crime done by women. 3.2.2. The cultural - educational Measures To overcome the weaknesses and limitations of educational activities aimed at crime prevention done by femaleshould perform well the following measures: Firsthly, to overcome weaknesses in the educational activities of the family. Secondly, to overcome weaknesses in educational activities at the school. Thirdly, to overcome the negative factors of the social environment adversely affecting the formation of individual personality, and raise the level of cultural, ethical awareness, legal awareness of female to their voluntarily complying with ethical standards, legal standards and not to commit offenses. Specifically: - Renewal forms of education, legal advocacy for people widely. - Implement measures to synchronize ideas, culture, sports and entertainment to enhance the spiritual life of the people, especially for women. - The authority to control and prevent the importation of cultural products have unhealthy content inciting violence, sex toys, books, video tapes, electronic games from the water outside our country. - Combating gender inequality. The above measures if they are good implementation will eliminate the effects of negative factors in the three educational environment: family, school and society, contributing to the cause of limited stop crime crime against the women. 3.2.3. State management measures of security, order and social safety This measure aims at eliminating situations of life and favorable circumstances give rise to criminal or intent to create favorable conditions for the implementation of criminal acts including some of the following specific measures: Firstly, to strengthen people management in residential areas. Secondly, well done patrolling. Thirdly, measures to control the behavior of female subjects and questionable impact on preventing criminal behavior. Fourthly, local administrations should perform regular warning measures, professional training to prevent crimes against people, businesses and organizations in the area so they do not become victims of crime. Fifthly, the authorities should strengthen inspection, inspection of business establishments sensitive services. 3.2.4. Measures to improve the effectiveness of crime prevention activities, operations improvement and community reintegration for female inmates 3.2.4.1. Measures to improve the effectiveness of crime prevention activities carried out by women * Police Authority to improve the efficiency of crime done by female should carry out the following measures: Firstly, police agencies should coordinate with the Vietnam Fatherland Front and other agencies and organizations in the area to 25 26 organize various forms such as a hotline, confidential mailbox, mailboxes, whistleblower... to enabling everyone to participate actively detecting and denouncing. Secondly, police agencies should cooperate with police in neighboring countries, combating transnational crimes that have participated in many female as crimes related to social evils like drugs, trade Porn, gambling, smuggling and human trafficking. * Procuracy agencies to improve operational efficiency crime and crime generally done by female in particular need to implement the following measures: Firstly, that the state needs to renew the organization 's activities of Procuracy agencies for towards ensuring good performance of the functions and control elements adjudication in criminal, civil, economic, labor administration. Secondly, the Procuracy of improving the quality of investigative prosecution. Procuracy should coordinate closely with the police to make good supervision function investigation. For these cases have female participate, Chief prosecutor assigned prosecutor should be knowledgeable about female offenders. Thirdly, exercise the right to trial proceedings in cases performed by female achieve better results. Fourthly, strengthening procuratorial criminal enforcement especially for the enforcement of judgments and decisions of the criminal courts done by women. * Court Authority to improve operational efficiency crime and crime generally done by female in particular need to implement the following measures: Firstly, the Court should grant coordination with agencies conducting the proceedings to be brought to trial all criminal cases, especially cases performed by femaleunder their jurisdiction timely, severely punish the right people, crime and legal compliance and low restriction canceled projects, edit project improvements, the project backlog. Secondly, agencies should strengthen court trial in the local mobile scene of crime carried out by women. Thirdly, the Court petition repair defects in the management. Fourthly, continue to reinforce and strengthen the organizational apparatus of court officials at all levels especially at district level capacity building to all the district courts can take jurisdiction under the provisions of paragraph 1 Article 170 of the Criminal Procedure Code. Fifthly, the Court should apply more sanctions not deprived of freedom, including the imprisonment but suspended sentence. 3.2.4.2. Measures to improve the efficiency of rehabilitation and community reintegration for female offenders To enhance the effectiveness of rehabilitation female inmates should implement the following measures: Firstly, establish separate female prison inmates. Secondly, prisons need to make good cultural education activities for female inmates. Thirdly, the need to implement good prison vocational training for female inmates. Fourthly, implement good prison labor regime for female prisoners. Fifthly, expand the prison regime should meet their relatives and contacts regime for prisoners. 27 28 Sixthly, prisons need to make a good preparation for the release of female prisoners. Seventhly, family, government wards where female inmates reside and social organizations especially need help female reintegrate female offenders stable community life after a separation period. CONCLUSION Preventing crime is a combination of measures taken by the State agencies, political organizations - civil society and implemented to minimize or eliminate the causes of crime, crime not to happen. To take measures to prevent crimes by female done scientifically and efficiently requires evaluation curent stituation research done by women, its causes and female offenders curent stituation forecasts by real femalein the next year. Based on research, analysis, evaluation curent stituation done by femalein Vietnam in the period 2003 - 2012, the causes of crime by femaleand performed by female curent stituation forecasts done in our country from now to 2020, we launched four basic groups of measures to prevent crimes done by female as follows: - Economic - Social developmentand, limit the impact of negative factors arising from the process of economic and social development in order to eliminate the effects of poverty, unemployment, negative impact process of urbanization, industrialization and social evils. - Educational Development - Training and limit weaknesses of education, training to eliminate unfavorable conditions in the family environment, school and social environment has adversely affected formative female offenders and also raise the general cultural and legal culture of women, creating a mechanism is secured firmly to prevent the acceptance of deviant views, to improve self awareness, discipline of women, for all female as complying with ethical standards, legal standards and not to commit offenses. - Improve efficiency of State management over a number of areas to eliminate the circumstances, the situation has created favorable opportunities for the formation of the engine, and criminal intent to commit offenses at the same time warning organizations and people are not creating loopholes to become victims of crime. - Advanced anti-criminal operation, improvement activities and community reintegration for female inmates to general crime prevention and recidivism prevention for women.