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APPENDICES APENDIX A: VIETNAMESE RESEARCH QUESTIONNAIRE TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KINH TẾ TP. HỒ CHÍ MINH - KHOA QUẢN TRỊ BẢNG CÂU HỎI KHẢO SÁT NGHIÊN CỨU CẢM NHẬN CỦA NGƯỜI TIÊU DÙNG VỀ THƯƠNG MẠI DI ĐỘNG STT: ....................... MẠNG: ......................... Chúng tôi là giảng viên của trường Đại học Kinh tế Tp. Hồ Chí Minh, đang thực hiện nghiên cứu liên quan đến cảm nhận của người tiêu dùng về mua sắm trực tuyến bằng thiết bị di động sau đây được gọi tắt với thuật ngữ THƯƠNG MẠI DI ĐỘNG - TMDĐ. Nghiên cứu này nhằm khám phá tác động của các tính cách cá nhân đến cảm nhận về rủi ro, an toàn và hành vi sử dụng thương mại di động. Chúng tôi cam kết các thông tin khảo sát sẽ hoàn toàn được giữ kín! Cách trả lời Hầu hết các câu hỏi sẽ có một đoạn giới thiệu ngắn trước khi bắt đầu câu hỏi thực sự. Một vài câu hỏi có thể tương tự nhau, nhưng các Anh/Chị có thể trả lời giống hoặc khác nhau tùy thuộc vào đánh giá của bản thân. Trước khi trả lời câu hỏi, các Anh/Chị vui lòng đọc đoạn giới thiệu và câu hỏi một cách kỹ càng. Đối với các câu hỏi, Anh/Chị bạn lựa chọn trả lời bằng cách đánh (X) trên thang đo từ 1 (hoàn toàn không đồng ý) đến 7 (hoàn toàn đồng ý). 1 = Hoàn toàn không đồng ý; 2 = Rất không đồng ý; 3 = Hơi không đồng ý; 4 = Trung dung; 5 = Hơi đồng ý; 6 = Rất đồng ý; và 7 = Hoàn toàn đồng ý. Cảm ơn Anh/Chị vì đã dành thời gian trả lời! PHẦN 1: KHẢO SÁT Câu 1: Anh/Chị hãy vui lòng cho biết mức độ đồng ý của mình đối với những phát biểu sau liên quan đến việc sử dụng thương mại di động Tôi hình dung việc sử dụng TMDĐ sẽ như thế nào trong tương lai, và cố gắng đạt được điều đó bằng việc sử dụng TMDĐ hàng ngày của tôi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tôi tham gia TMDĐ để đạt được những lợi ích trong tương lai 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tôi sẵn sàng bỏ qua niềm vui và lợi ích trước mắt khi sử dụng TMDĐ để đạt những lợi ích lâu dài 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tôi nghĩ rằng cần đề phòng những kết quả tiêu cực của TMDĐ ngay cả khi những kết quả tiêu cực này chỉ xuất hiện trong tương lai 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tôi nghĩ rằng nên thực hiện một hành vi TMDĐ có kết quả quan trọng trong tương lai hơn là một hành vi TMDĐ có kết quả ít quan trọng hơn trong hiện tại. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Khi ra quyết định TMDĐ, tôi nghĩ về việc quyết định này sẽ ảnh hưởng đến tôi trong tương lai như thế nào 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Việc sử dụng TMDĐ của tôi thường bị ảnh hưởng bởi các kết quả trong tương lai 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tôi sử dụng TMDĐ để thỏa mãn nhu cầu trước mắt, các vấn đề trong tương lai sẽ giải quyết sau 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Việc sử dụng TMDĐ của tôi chỉ bị tác động bởi kết quả ngắn hạn (tính theo ngày hoặc theo tuần) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Sự thuận tiện là một yếu tố quan trọng của việc tôi sử dụng TMDĐ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tôi thường bỏ qua những cảnh báo về những hậu quả tiêu cực trong tương lai của việc sử dụng TMDĐ vì tôi nghĩ vấn đề sẽ được giải quyết trước khi quá muộn 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tôi nghĩ bỏ qua việc sử dụng TMDĐ trong hiện tại là không cần thiết vì các vấn đề trong tương lai có thể được giải quyết sau đó 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tôi chỉ sử dụng TMDĐ để giải quyết vấn đề trước mắt, những vấn đề của tương lai sẽ được xử lý sau 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Đối với tôi, hoạt động TMDĐ thường ngày đem lại kết quả cụ thể quan trọng hơn các hoạt động TMDĐ chỉ mang lại kết quả trong tương lai 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Câu 2: Anh/Chị hãy suy nghĩ về hoạt động thương mại điện tử trên thiết bị di động và vui lòng cho biết mức độ đồng ý đối với những phát biểu sau Ai đó sử dụng tài khoản TMDĐ của tôi để xem các thông tin giao dịch 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Ai đó sử dụng tài khoản TMDĐ của tôi để mua hàng 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Ai đó đánh cắp tài khoản TMDĐ của tôi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Website TMDĐ truyền đi thông tin giao dịch không chính xác 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Thông tin giao dịch TMDĐ của tôi bị chỉnh sửa 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Website TMDĐ ghi nhận thông tin giao dịch không đúng 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tôi không thể đặt hàng qua TMDĐ vì lỗi hệ thống 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tôi không thể đặt hàng qua TMDĐ vì lỗi cơ sở dữ liệu 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tôi không thể đặt hàng qua TMDĐ vì lỗi mạng 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Website TMDĐ sử dụng chữ kí số 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Pháp luật bảo hộ chữ kí số TMDĐ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Định danh của website TMDĐ đáng tin cậy 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Câu 3: Anh/Chị hãy suy nghĩ về hoạt động thương mại điện tử trên thiết bị di động và vui lòng cho biết mức độ đồng ý đối với những phát biểu sau TMDĐ không phù hợp để chi tiền giao dịch 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Chi tiền cho giao dịch TMDĐ hẳn là không sáng suốt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tôi sẽ không nhận được từ TMDĐ những gì tương xứng với số tiền bỏ ra 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 TMDĐ không mang lại giá trị tương xứng với số tiền bỏ ra 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tôi lo lắng rằng TMDĐ sẽ không hoạt động như kì vọng 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tôi lo lắng rằng TMDĐ sẽ không mang lại lợi ích như kì vọng 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Mua hàng trên website TMDĐ sẽ có nhiều rủi ro 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tôi không chắc người bán trên website TMDĐ sẽ hoạt động như kì vọng 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tôi sẽ mất kiểm soát thông tin thanh toán khi sử dụng TMDĐ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Thông tin cá nhân của tôi sẽ bị sử dụng ngoài ý muốn khi sử dụng TMDĐ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tội phạm mạng có thể chiếm quyền kiểm soát tài khoản TMDĐ của tôi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 TMDĐ không phù hợp với hình ảnh cá nhân của tôi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Sử dụng TMDĐ sẽ dẫn đến những ảnh hưởng về mặt tâm lý 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 TMDĐ làm người khác nghĩ tiêu cực về tôi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 TMDĐ sẽ dẫn đến tổn thất về mặt xã hội (hình ảnh, danh tiếng, ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Sử dụng TMDĐ làm tôi mất thời gian chuyển sang phương thức thanh toán khác. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Sử dụng TMDĐ, tôi sẽ mất thời gian khắc phục các lỗi liên quan đến thanh toán. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 TMDĐ có thể dẫn đến việc tiêu tốn thời gian không hiệu quả 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 TMDĐ có thể làm tiêu tốn nhiều thời gian hoặc gây lãng phí thời gian 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Câu hỏi 4: Anh/Chị hãy suy nghĩ về hoạt động thương mại điện tử trên thiết bị di động và vui lòng cho biết mức độ đồng ý đối với những phát biểu sau Tôi dự định sẽ gia tăng việc sử dụng TMDĐ trong tương lai 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tôi dự định sẽ tiếp tục sử dụng TMDĐ trong tương lai 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tôi sẽ khuyến khích nhiều người khác sử dụng TMDĐ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 PHẦN 2: THÔNG TIN KHÁC Anh/ Chị vui lòng cho biết giới tính: Nam * Nữ * Anh/Chị sinh năm: .............. Anh/Chị thuộc nhóm nghề nghiệp: Sinh viên * Nhân viên doanh nghiệp quốc doanh * Nhân viên công ty tư nhân * Tự kinh doanh * Khác * Anh chị thuộc nhóm thu nhập (VNĐ): Dưới 5 triệu * 5 triệu – dưới 10 triệu * 10 triệu – dưới 15 * Từ 15 triệu * Trân trọng cảm ơn Anh/Chị! APPENDIX B: FORMULA FOR CALCULATING CRONBACH’S ALPHA, COMPOSITE RELIABILITY AND AVERAGE VARIANCE EXTRACTED Cronbach's Alpha α= M*r1+M-1*r (1) Notes: r: represents the average correlation of the first-order constructs; M: the number of first-order construct pc= i=1Mli2i=1Mli2+ 1Mvarei (2) Note: li: refers to the loading of the lower order construct i of a specific higher order construct measured with M lower order constructs (i = 1, . . ., M); ei is the measurement error of lower order construct i; var(ei) refers to the variance of the measurement error, which is defined as 1- li2. AVE= i=1Mli2M (3) Note: li: refers to the loading of the lower order construct i of a specific higher order construct measured with M lower order constructs (i = 1, . . ., M) APPENDIX C: COMMON LATENT FACTOR ANALYSIS The result of Harmon’s one-factor test Component Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulative % 1 10.55 21.54 21.54 10.55 21.54 21.54 2 6.00 12.25 33.79 3 3.00 6.12 39.91 4 2.79 5.70 45.60 5 2.18 4.46 50.06 6 1.95 3.98 54.04 7 1.85 3.77 57.81 8 1.44 2.93 60.74 9 1.34 2.74 63.48 10 1.21 2.47 65.95 11 1.11 2.26 68.21 12 1.01 2.07 70.28 13 0.93 1.89 72.17 14 0.80 1.63 73.80 15 0.77 1.57 75.37 16 0.67 1.37 76.74 17 0.60 1.22 77.96 18 0.57 1.17 79.13 19 0.56 1.13 80.26 20 0.54 1.10 81.36 21 0.52 1.05 82.41 22 0.50 1.02 83.44 23 0.48 0.97 84.41 24 0.47 0.95 85.36 25 0.44 0.90 86.26 26 0.42 0.86 87.13 27 0.42 0.85 87.98 28 0.40 0.82 88.79 29 0.38 0.78 89.57 30 0.38 0.77 90.34 31 0.37 0.75 91.09 32 0.33 0.68 91.77 33 0.33 0.67 92.44 34 0.32 0.66 93.10 35 0.31 0.63 93.73 36 0.29 0.59 94.32 37 0.29 0.59 94.91 38 0.27 0.55 95.46 39 0.26 0.53 95.99 40 0.25 0.51 96.49 41 0.23 0.48 96.97 42 0.22 0.46 97.43 43 0.22 0.45 97.88 44 0.20 0.41 98.29 45 0.20 0.40 98.69 46 0.18 0.37 99.05 47 0.17 0.35 99.40 (Source: author’s calculation) The result of common latent factor analysis Constructs and indicators Substantive factor loadings (R1) R12 Latent Factor loading (R2) R22 CFC-Immediate (CFCI) (Joireman et al., 2012, Strathman et al., 1994) I only use mobile commerce to satisfy immediate concerns, figuring the future will take care of itself (CFCI1) 0.75*** 0.56 0.05 0.00260 My mobile commerce activities are only influenced by the immediate (i.e., a matter of days or weeks) outcomes of my actions (CFCI2) 0.77*** 0.59 0.09 0.00828 My convenience is a big factor in my mobile commerce activities (CFCI3) 0.89*** 0.78 0.02 0.00023 I think that sacrificing mobile commerce activities now is usually unnecessary since future outcomes can be dealt with at a later time (CFCI5) 0.78*** 0.6 0.07 0.00462 I only use mobile commerce to satisfy immediate concerns, figuring that I will take care of future problems that may occur at a later date (CFCI6) 0.92*** 0.84 -0.08* 0.00672 Since my day-to-day mobile commerce activities have specific outcomes, it is more important to me than mobile commerce activities that have distant outcomes (CFCI7) 0.81*** 0.66 -0.07 0.00518 CFC-Future (CFCF) (Joireman et al., 2012, Strathman et al., 1994) I consider how mobile commerce’s benefits might be in the future, and try to archive those benefits with my day-to-day of using mobile commerce (CFCF1) 0.87*** 0.76 -0.06 0.00303 Often, I engage in a mobile commerce activity in order to achieve outcomes that may not result for many years (CFCF2) 0.84*** 0.7 0.03 0.00090 I am willing to sacrifice my immediate happiness or well-being of using mobile commerce activities in order to achieve future outcomes (CFCF3) 0.79*** 0.62 0.02 0.00026 I think it is more important to make a mobile commerce decision with important distant consequences than a mobile commerce decision with less important immediate consequences (CFCF5) 0.81*** 0.66 0 0.00000 When I make a mobile commerce decision, I think about how it might affect me in the future (CFCF6) 0.82*** 0.67 0 0.00000 My mobile commerce activities are generally influenced by future consequences (CFCF7) 0.75*** 0.56 0.01 0.00012 Financial Risk (FR) (Featherman and Pavlou, 2003, Kim et al., 2005) Mobile commerce would be an inappropriate way to spend my money (FR1) 0.79*** 0.63 0.044 0.0019 The money I would make on mobile commerce would not be wise (FR2) 0.83*** 0.70 -0.06 0.0036 I will not get my money’s worth from mobile commerce (FR3) 0.86*** 0.75 -0.063 0.0040 Mobile commerce would not provide value for the money I spent (FR4) 0.88*** 0.79 0.1** 0.0100 Performance Risk (PER) (Featherman and Pavlou, 2003, Kim et al., 2005) I worry mobile commerce will not perform as they are supposed to (PER1) 0.9*** 0.81 -0.07* 0.00504 I worry mobile commerce will not provide the level of benefits as I expect (PER2) 0.77*** 0.59 0.1* 0.00903 A lot of risks would be involved with purchasing items on mobile commerce (PER3) 0.9*** 0.8 -0.06 0.00325 I am not confident about mobile commerce vendors to perform as expected (PER4) 0.76*** 0.57 0.04 0.00152 Privacy Risk (PrR) (Featherman and Pavlou, 2003, Kim et al., 2005) Using mobile commerce, I will lose control over my payment information (PrR1) 0.8*** 0.64 0.02 0.00036 Using mobile commerce, my personal information would be used without my knowledge (PrR2) 0.85*** 0.72 0.02 0.00058 Internet criminals might take control of my account if I use mobile commerce (PrR3) 0.87*** 0.75 -0.04 0.00185 Psychological Risk (PSR) (Featherman and Pavlou, 2003, Kim et al., 2005) Mobile commerce will not fit in well with my self-image or self-concept (PSR1) 0.91*** 0.83 0.01 0.00005 The usage of mobile commerce would lead to a psychological loss for me (PSR2) 0.91*** 0.83 -0.01 0.00005 Social Risk (SR) (Featherman and Pavlou, 2003, Kim et al., 2005) Mobile commerce will negatively affect the way others think of you (SR1) 0.94*** 0.88 -0.05* 0.00260 Using mobile commerce would lead to a social loss for me (SR2) 0.9*** 0.82 0.05* 0.00240 Time Risk (TR) (Featherman and Pavlou, 2003, Kim et al., 2005) Using mobile commerce, I will lose time switching to a different payment method (TR1) 0.84*** 0.7 0 0.00002 Using mobile commerce, I will waste a lot of time fixing payments errors (TR2) 0.87*** 0.76 -0.01 0.00006 Mobile commerce could lead to an inefficient use of my time (TR3) 0.85*** 0.73 0.03 0.00090 Mobile commerce will take too much time or be a waste of time (TR4) 0.79*** 0.62 -0.02 0.00044 Perceived Confidentiality (PC) (Hartono et al., 2014) Someone uses my mobile commerce ID to read my transactional informationR (PC1) 0.8*** 0.64 -0.03 0.00073 Someone uses my mobile commerce ID to make order R (PC1) 0.84*** 0.71 0 0.00000 Someone steals my mobile commerce ID R (PC1) 0.89*** 0.79 0 0.00001 The site transmits my transactional information accurately (PI1) 0.79*** 0.63 0.03 0.00078 My transactional information is alteredR (PI2) 0.84*** 0.7 0.03 0.00078 The site records my transactional information incorrectlyR (PI3) 0.72*** 0.51 -0.03 0.00090 Perceived Availability (PA) (Hartono et al., 2014) I cannot order due to system failureR (PA1) 0.78*** 0.61 0.05 0.00212 I cannot order due to database failureR (PA2) 0.89*** 0.79 -0.09* 0.00740 I cannot order due to network failureR (PA3) 0.82*** 0.67 0.04 0.00152 Perceived Non-Repudiation (PNR) (Hartono et al., 2014) The site uses digital signature (PNR1) 0.91*** 0.84 -0.047 0.0022 The legislation backs up the digital signature (PNR2) 0.88*** 0.79 0.113** 0.0128 The identity of this site is trustworthy (PNR3) 0.92*** 0.86 -0.034 0.0012 Continuance intention to use mobile commerce (UMC) (Chong, 2015) I intend to increase my use of mobile commerce in the future (UMC1) 0.9*** 0.81 -0.01 0.00008 I intend to continue my use of mobile commerce in the future (UMC2) 0.85*** 0.73 0.07** 0.00548 I will strongly recommend others to use mobile commerce (UMC3) 0.94*** 0.88 -0.06** 0.00397 Average 0.84 0.71 0.001 0.002 Notes: *** p < 0.001; ** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05 (Source: author’s calculation)