Đề tài Hướng dẫn học sinh lớp 9 chuyển câu Trực tiếp sang câu Gián tiếp

SÔÛ GIAÙO DUÏC ÑAØO TAÏO TAÂY NINH PHOØNG GIAÙO DUÏC & ÑAØO TAÏO CHAÂU THAØNH TRÖÔØNG THCS THÒ TRAÁN CHAÂU THAØNH ---------–&— -------- Saùng kieán kinh nghieäm HÖÔÙNG DAÃN HOÏC SINH LÔÙP 9 CHUYEÅN CAÂU TRÖÏC TIEÁP SANG CAÂU GIAÙN TIEÁP. Ngöôøi thöïc hieän : TRAÀN THÒ HOÀNG MAI Toå: Tieáng Anh Naêm hoïc: 2009 – 2010 Thaùng 4 Naêm 2010 TOÙM TAÉT ÑEÀ TAØI Teân ñeà taøi: Kinh nghieäm “Höôùng daãn hoïc sinh lôùp 9 chuyeån caâu Tröïc tieáp sang caâu Giaùn tieáp.” Hoï vaø teân giaùo vieân: Traàn Thò Hoàng Mai Ñôn vò coâng taùc: Tröôøng THCS Thò Traán Chaâu Thaønh Lyù do choïn ñeà taøi: Tieáng Anh, ngaøy nay giöõ moät vai troø quan troïng ñoái vôùi caùch maïng khoa hoïc kyõ thuaät. Tieáng Anh ngaøy caøng thu huùt söï quan taâm cuûa nhieàu ngöôøi ñoái vôùi vieäc hoïc moät ngoaïi ngöõ vaø kích thích söï ham muoán cuûa nhieàu ngöôùi ôû moïi löùa tuoåi. Naém baét ñöôïc nhu caàu ñoù, luaät giaùo duïc 2005 (ñieàu 5) qui ñònh “phöông phaùp giaùo duïc phaûi phaùt huy tính tích cöïc, töï giaùc, chuû ñoäng, tö duy, saùng taïo cuûa ngöôøi hoïc, boài döôõng cho ngöôøi hoïc naêng löïc töï hoïc, khaû naêng thöïc haønh, loøng say meâ hoïc taäp vaø coù yù chí vöôn leân”. Trong quaù trình giaûng daïy hoïc sinh chuyeån ñoåi töø caâu tröïc tieáp sang caâu giaùn tieáp, baûn thaân nhaän thaáy ña phaàn hoïc sinh chöa laøm ñöôïc daïng baøi taäp naøy . Do vaäy, ñeå giuùp hoïc sinh bieát caùch chuyeån ñoåi caâu nhö theá naøo laø toát nhaát vaø hieäu quaû nhaát, ñoù laø moái quan taâm haøng ñaàu cuûa toâi khieán toâi quyeát ñònh thöïc hieän ñeà taøi: “Kinh nghieäm “Höôùng daãn hoïc sinh lôùp 9 chuyeån caâu Tröïc tieáp sang caâu Giaùn tieáp.” Ñoái TÖÔÏNG phöông phaùp nghieân cöùu: Ñoái töôïng nghieân cöùu: Hoïc sinh lôùp 9 tröôøng THCS Thò Traán. Phöông phaùp nghieân cöùu: Ñoïc, nghieân cöùu taøi lieäu. Döï giôø ñoàng nghieä. Kieåm tra, ñoái chieáu, so saùnh keát quaû cuûa hoïc sinh. Ñeà taøi ñöa ra giaûi phaùp môùi: Giaùo vieân ñoùng vai troø quan troïng trong vieäc höôùng daãn laøm baøi taäp. Höôùng daãn hoïc sinh lôùp 9 chuyeån caâu tröïc tieáp sang caâu giaùn tieáp. Vaän duïng caùc thuû thuaät vaø caùch ñoåi caâu tröïc tieáp sang caâu giaùn tieáp vaøo caùc daïng baøi taäp ña daïng phong phuù. Hieäu quaû aùp duïng: Giuùp hoïc sinh höùng thuù hoïc taäp boä moân hôn. Hoïc sinh tích cöïc tö duy vaø vaän duïng kieán thöùc ñaõ hoïc vaøo caùc daïng baøi taäp khaùc nhau. Tieát daïy ñaït hieäu quaû hôn. Phaïm vi aùp duïng: Hoïc sinh khoái 8 vaø 9 (baäc THCS ). Taây Ninh, ngaøy 10 thaùng 4 naêm 2010 Ngöôøi thöïc hieän (ñaõ kí) Traàn Thò Hoàng Mai NOÄI DUNG ÑEÀ TAØI KINH NGHIEÄM HÖÔÙNG DAÃN HOÏC SINH LÔÙP 9 CHUYEÅN CAÂU TRÖÏC TIEÁP SANG CAÂU GIAÙN TIEÁP. MÔÛ ÑAÀU Lyù do choïn ñeà taøi: Söï nghieäp coâng nghieäp hoùa, hieän ñaïi hoùa ñaát nöôùc ñaët ra nhöõng yeâu caàu môùi cho phaùt trieån kinh teá xaõ hoäi giai ñoaïn hieän nay, ñoøi hoûi ñoäi nguõ lao ñoäng keá caän coù trình ñoä, coù naêng löïc, coù tính naêng ñoäng, tích cöïc, saùng taïo, bieát vaän duïng tri thöùc. Do ñoù, ngaønh giaùo duïc coù vò trí quan troïng trong chieán löôïc phaùt trieån con ngöôøi. Tröôùc vai troø quan troïng ñoù, ngaønh giaùo duïc ñaõ coù nhöõng thay ñoåi veà saùch giaùo khoa vaø phöông phaùp giaûng daïy, phöông phaùp giaùo duïc laø moät ñoøi hoûi caáp baùch vaø cô baûn, laø moät cuoäc soáng caùch maïng trong toaøn ngaønh trong giai ñoaïn hieän nay nhaèm naâng cao chaát löôïng daïy vaø hoïc. Qua thöïc teá giaûng daïy ôû tröôøng THCS Thò Traán Chaâu Thaønh, toâi thaáy trong chöông trình Tieáng Anh 9, daïng baøi taäp ñoåi caâu Tröïc tieáp sang caâu Giaùn tieáp laø moät baøi taäp khoù, ña phaàn caùc em chöa laøm toát ñöôïc daïng baøi taäp naøy. Do ñoù, trong quaù trình giaûng daïy, ñoøi hoûi giaùo vieân coù phöông phaùp truyeàn ñaït phuø hôïp vôùi töøng ñoái töôïng, ñeå hoïc sinh tieáp thu baøi toát hôn. Ñeå giuùp hoïc sinh coù theå ñoåi ñöôïc caâu tröïc tieáp sang caâu giaùn tieáp hoaøn chænh hôn, toâi xin ñöa ra moät soá kinh nghieäm nhaèm giuùp hoïc sinh naém ñöôïc kieán thöùc cô baûn vaø caùc daïng caâu tröïc tieáp ñoåi sang caâu giaùn tieáp, ñeå hoïc sinh ñaït hieäu quaû toát hôn trong quaù trình hoïc taäp. Vaø treân ñaây cuõng laø nhöõng lyù do toâi choïn ñeà taøi: “Höôùng daãn hoïc sinh lôùp 9 chuyeån caâu Tröïc tieáp sang caâu Giaùn tieáp”. Ñoái töôïng nghieân cöùu: Ñoái töôïng nghieân cöùu cuûa ñeà taøi laø hoïc sinh lôùp 9 (chuû yeáu lôùp 9A3, 9A4, 9A6) ñöôïc höôùng daãn chuyeån caâu Tröïc tieáp sang caâu Giaùn tieáp. Phaïm vi nghieân cöùu: Baèøng nhöõng kinh nghieäm ñaõ ñuùc keát ñöôïc trong quaù trình daïy hoïc nhöõng naêm qua, toâi seõ höôùng daãn nhöõng hoïc sinh lôùp 9A3, 9A4, 9A6 chuyeån caâu Tröïc tieáp sang caâu Giaùn tieáp nhaèm ñaït ñöôïc muïc ñích giaùo duïc ñeà ra. Phöông phaùp nghieân cöùu: a.Phöông phaùp nghieân cöùu taøi lieäu: Nghieân cöùu taøi lieäu : tham khaûo saùch giaùo vieân, caùc loaïi saùch ngöõ phaùp , caùc taøi lieäu coù lieân quan. Quaùn trieät caùc coâng vaên, chæ ñaïo cuûa Boä, Sôû, Phoøng Giaùo Duïc & Ñaøo taïo, keá hoaïch cuûa tröôøng vaø cuûa toå chuyeân moân. b. Phöông phaùp ñieàu tra, ñoái chieáu: Baèng nhieàu phöông phaùp khaùc nhau : döï giôø caùc ñoàng nghieäp, thöïc nghieäm, kieåm tra ñoái chieáu keát quaû hoïc taäp cuûa hoïc sinh => ruùt ra ñöôïc phöông phaùp daïy hoïc toát nhaát cho hoïc sinh.  NOÄI DUNG Cô sôû lyù luaän: Töø sau nghò ñònh Trung öông 2 (khoùa VIII) vaø ñaëc bieät laø sau Ñaïi hoäi Ñaûng IX vaø nghò ñònh Trung öông 6, khoaù IX, chæ thò 40 cuûa ban Bí thö Trung öông Ñaûng, cuøng vôùi caùc vaên baûn chæ ñaïo cuûa nhaø nöôùc , Boä giaùo duïc vaø ñaøo taïo, neàn giaùo duïc Vieät Nam ñaït ñöôïc nhieàu thaønh töïu ñaùng keå trong caùc maët phoå caäp giaùo duïc vaø naâng cao daân trí trong ñaøo taïo nhaân löïc vaø boài döôõng nhaân taøi. Trong chöông trình giaùo duïc phoå thoâng ban haønh keøm theo quyeát ñònh soá 16/ 2006/ QÑ – BGDÑT ngaøy 5/5/2006 cuûa Boä tröôûng Boä Giaùo Duïc & Ñaøo Taïo cuõng ñaõ neâu: “ Phaûi phaùt huy tính tích cöïc, töï giaùc, chuû ñoäng, tö duy, saùng taïo cuûa hoïc sinh, phuø hôïp vôùi ñaët tröng moân hoïc, ñaëc ñieåm cuûa ñoái töôïng hoïc sinh, ñieàu kieän cuûa töøng lôùp hoïc, boài döôõng cho hoïc sinh phöông phaùp töï hoïc, khaû naêng hôïp taùc, reøn luyeän kyõ naêng vaän duïng kieán thöùc vaøo thöïc tieãn, taùc ñoäng ñeán tình caûm, ñem laïi nieàm vui, höùng thuù vaø traùch nhieäm hoïc taäp cho hoïc sinh”. Maët khaùc, naêm hoïc 2009 – 2010 , naêm thöù tö toaøn ngaønh giaùo duïc thöïc hieän cuoäc vaän ñoäng “ hai khoâng” vôùi boán noäi dung nhaèm naâng cao chaát löôïng giaùo duïc, laø naêm thöïc hieän cuoäc vaän ñoäng “moät thaày coâ giaùo laø taám göông ñaïo ñöùc töï hoïc vaø saùng taïo”do vaäy, giaùo vieân ôû moïi boä moân hoïc khaùc nhau ñeàu trang bò cho hoïc sinh cuûa mình heä thoáng nhöõng kyõ naêng, kyõ xaûo caàn thieát ñeå giuùp caùc em phaùt trieån toaøn dieän veà ñaïo ñöùc vaø trí tueä, hình thaønh nhaân caùch con ngöôøi Vieät Nam Xaõ Hoäi Chuû Nghóa. Cô sôû thöïc tieãn: Ñeå ñaùp öùng nhu caàu veà chaát löôïng maø ngaønh giaùo duïc ñaõ ñaët ra vaø tình huoáng thöïc teá ôû tröôøng, ña soá hoïc sinh khoâng theå chuyeån ñöôïc caâu Tröïc tieáp sang caâu giaùn tieáp. Do ñoù, trong quaù trình giaûng daïy boä moân Tieáng Anh 9 , toâi ñaõ ruùt ra ñöôïc moät soá kinh nghieäm ñeå höôùng daãn hoïc sinh lôùp 9 chuyeån caâu Tröïc tieáp sang caâu Giaùn tieáp nhaèm giuùp caùc em naém ñöôïc kieán thöùc cô baûn vaø caùc daïng caâu, ñoåi ñöôïc sang caâu Giaùn tieáp, töø ñoù caùc em cuûng coá laïi kieán thöùc ñaõ hoïc vaø laøm baøi taäp ñaït keát quaû toát hôn. Noäi dung vaán ñeà: Vaán ñeà ñaët ra: Ñöôïc phaân coâng giaûng daïy moân tieáng Anh 9A3, 9A4, 9A6 vôùi toång soá hoïc sinh laø 97, trình ñoä hoïc taäp cuûa caùc em cheânh leäch khaù cao giöõa hoïc sinh khaù gioûi vaø hoïc sinh yeáu keùm. Do ñoù, hoïc sinh yeáu keùm khoâng theå hoïc theo kòp nhöõng hoïc sinh khaù gioûi. Nguyeân nhaân: Maát kieán thöùc cô baûn ôû lôùp döôùi, khoâng xaùc ñònh ñöôïc thì, daïng caâu. Caùc em ngaïi khoù, khoâng chuaån bò baøi, khoâng thuoäc baøi. Ñeå ñoåi môùi phöông phaùp daïy hoïc coù hieäu quaû caàn ñaûm baûo nhöõng nguyeân taéc sau: Gaây höùng thuù cho hoïc sinh vaø giaûng giaûi roõ raøng. Toân troïng hoïc sinh vaø vieäc hoïc cuûa hoïc sinh, taïo ñieàu kieän cho hoïc sinh. Thöôøng xuyeân coù ñaùnh giaù vaø phaûn hoài phuø hôïp vôùi hoïc sinh. Chæ roõ muïc tieâu vaø thaùch thöùc trí tueä ñoái vôùi hoïc sinh. Xaùc ñònh cho hoïc sinh khaû naêng töï chuû, tìm kieám con ñöôøng ñoäc laäp nhaèm thoâng hieåu baøi hoïc vaø töï kieåm tra. Thaày phaûi luoân tìm hieåu roõ veà hoïc sinh nhaèm ñöa ra söï höôùng daãn phuø hôïp. Caùc giaûi phaùp chuû yeáu: Tröôùc nhöõng khoù khaên neâu treân, vôùi cöông vò laø moät giaùo vieân boä moân toâi xin ñöa ra moät soá kinh nghieäm ñeå höôùng daãn hoïc sinh lôùp 9 chuyeån ñöôïc caâu Tröïc tieáp sang caâu Giaùn tieáp. Giuùp hoïc sinh nhaän bieát caâu, thì. Höôùng daãn hoïc sinh phaân tích caâu, caùc thaønh phaàn trong caâu. Höôùng daãn hoïc sinh caùch chuyeån ñoåi vò trí ngoâi (chuû töø vaø tuùc töø), thì, traïng töø thôøi gian vaø nôi choán. Cho ví duï cuï theå, ñôn giaûn, deã hieåu. Söûa loãi vaø cuûng coá khaéc saâu kieán thöùc. Ruùt ra baøi hoïc kinh nghieäm. Quaù trình thöïc hieän: Khaùi nieäm: Lôøi noùi tröïc tieáp (direct speech): Laø lôøi noùi ñöôïc laëp laïi chính xaùc nhöõng töø cuûa ngöôøi noùi (thuaät laïi ñuùng nguyeân vaên cuûa ngöôøi noùi) - hay noùi roõ hôn lôøi noùi tröïc tieáp laø lôøi noùi do chính ngöôøi noùi noùi ra. Ex: Bill said, “I don’t like this party”. (lôøi noùi tröïc tieáp) Lôøi noùi tröïc tieáp ñöôïc ñaët trong daáu ngoaëc keùp vaø sau ñoäng töø chính coù daáu phaåy( , ) hoaëc daáu hai chaám (:) - Ñoâi khi meänh ñeà chính cuõng coù theå ñaët sau lôøi noùi tröïc tieáp. Ex: “ I don’t like this party” , Bill said. (lôøi noùi tröïc tieáp) Caùc daïng caâu thöôøng gaëp trong lôøi noùi tröïc tieáp: Caâu traàn thuaät ( statements) Ex: - I said: “ I like my new house” - Tom said, “I don’t have any money” Caâu hoûi ( Yes / No questions vaø Wh- questions) Ex: - He said, “Do you know My Son?” - He said,“ When is the next train , Mary” Caâu meänh leänh vaø caâu yeâu caàu ( Orders and requests) Ex: - “ Stay in bed for a few days,” the doctor said to me. - “ Please don’t tell anybody what happened”, Ann said to Jim. Caùc caâu dieãn taû lôøi ñeà nghò, lôøi höùa, lôøi khuyeân, lôøi môøi, v.v. ( Offers, promises, advice, invitations, ect.) Ex: - They said, “We ‘ll pay for the meal” - John said, “ I’ll write for you” - Tom said,” You should / ought to take a taxi, Mary:” - “ Please sit down”, she said b. Lôøi noùi giaùn tieáp / lôøi töôøng thuaät (indirect speech / reported speech) Laø lôøi töôøng thuaät laïi yù cuûa ngöôøi khaùc noùi, ñoâi khi khoâng caàn phaûi duøng ñuùng nhöõng töø cuûa ngöôøi noùi (hay laø lôøi ñöôïc thuaät laïi lôøi noùi cuûa moät ngöôøi cho ngöôøi khaùc nghe -> ngöôøi thöù nhaát noùi, ngöôøi thöù hai thuaät laïi, ngöôøi thöù ba nghe ) Ex: Bill said, “I don’t like this party”. (lôøi noùi tröïc tieáp) -> Bill said (that ) he didn’t like that party. (lôøi töôøng thuaät) Meänh ñeà töôøng thuaät Lôøi noùi giaùn tieáp Caùc tieán trình thöïc hieän khi ñoåi moät lôøi noùi (moät caâu )tröïc tieáp sang lôøi noùi (caâu) giaùn tieáp: 3.2.1 Caùch chung: Boû daáu ngoaëc keùp vaø daáu hai chaám hoaëc daáu phaåy ôû caâu tröïc tieáp. a) Bieán ñoåi ngoâi (Persons) Ngoâi thöù nhaát: Ñöôïc chuyeån ñoåi theo ngoâi cuûa chuû töø cuûa meänh ñeà töôøng thuaät. DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH Ngoâi thöù 1 (1st person) I me my mine myself we us our ours ourselves Ngoâi thöù 3 (3rd person) he , she him , her his , her his , hers himself , herself they them their theirs themselves Ex: Jane said: “ I live in the suburbs” -> Jane said that she lived in the suburbs. Ngoâi thöù hai : ( your , you , yours , yourself / yourselves) Ñöôïc ñoåi theo ngoâi cuûa taân ngöõ cuûa meänh ñeà töôøng thuaät DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH You Your Yours Yourself I / we My / our Mine / ours Myself / ourselves Ex: 1 . She said to me, “ You are late” -> She said that I was late. 2. She said to us, “You are lazy” -> She said that we were lazy. Ñöôïc ñoåi thaønh ngoâi thöù ba neáu meänh ñeà töôøng thuaät khoâng coù taân ngöõ Ex: The boss said : “ You can have a day off ” -> The boss said he could have a day off. Ngoâi thöù ba :( he , him , his , himself , they , them , their , theirs , themselves , she , her , hers , herself , …) ñöôïc giöõ nguyeân khoâng ñoåi. Ex: “ He is thin”, she said. -> She said that he was thin. b) Bieán ñoåi thì cuûa ñoäng töø ( Tenses of verbs) Khi chuyeån ñoåi töø caâu tröïc tieáp sang giaùn tieáp, chuùng ta caàn thay ñoåi ñoäng töø theo caùc thì töông öùng sau: DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH Simple present Tom said, “ I never eat meat” Present progressive He said, “I’m waiting for Ann” Present perfect She said, “I ‘ve seen that film” Present perfect progressive Andrew said, “I’ve been learning Chinese for 5 years ” Simple past They said, “ we came by car” Past progressive He said, “ I was sitting in the park at 8 o’clock” Past perfect Daniel said, “ My money had run out” Simple future Judy said, “ I ‘ll phone you “ Future progressive He said, “I’ll be playing golf at three o’clock tomorrow ” Modal verbs + Can She said, “ you can sit here” + May Claire said, “ I may go to BaLi again ” + Must He said,“ I must finish this report” Simple past Tom said that he never ate meat Past progressive He said he was waiting for Ann. Past perfect She said she had seen that film Past perfect progressive Andrew said he had been learning Chinese for 5 years Simple past / Past perfect They said they came / had come by car Past progressive / Past perfect progressive He said he was sitting / had been sitting in the park at 8 o’clock. Past perfect Daniel said his money had run out. Future in the past Judy said she would phone me. Future progressive in the past He said he would be playing golf at three o’clock the following day. Modal verbs in the past + Could She said we could sit there. + Might Claire said she might go to BaLi again . + Had to He said he had to finish that report. Note : Khoâng ñoåi thì cuûa meänh ñeà töôøng thuaät trong caùc tröôøng hôïp sau: i) Ñoäng töø trong meänh ñeà chính ôû thì hieän taïi ñôn ( say / says), hieän taïi tieáp dieãn ( is / are saying ), hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh ( have / has said ) hoaëc töông lai ñôn (will say ) Ex: - The farmer says / is saying, “ I hope it will rain tomorrow” -> The farmer says / is saying that he hopes it will rain the following day” - She has said / will say , “ The question are very difficult” -> She has said / will say that the questions are very difficult. ii) Lôøi noùi tröïc tieáp dieãn taû moät söï thaät hieån nhieân, moät chaân lyù hay moät thoùi quen ôû hieän taïi duø ñoäng töø cuûa meänh ñeà töôøng thuaät ôû thì quaù khöù ñôn. Ex: - Tom said, “New York is bigger than London” -> Tom said that New York is / was bigger than London. - The teacher said, “ The moon moves around the earth” -> The teacher said (that) the moon moves around the earth. - Jim said,“ I always drink coffee for breakfast ” -> Jim said he always drinks coffee for breakfast. iii) Lôøi noùi tröïc tieáp coù caùc ñoäng töø tình thaùi nhö “ could, would, should, might, had better, ought to, used to ” Ex: - Tom said, “ You had better not contact her” -> Tom said that I had better not contact her. - He said, “ They should / ought to widen this road” -> He said (that) they should / ought to widen that road. Must : coù theå ñöôïc giöõ nguyeân hoaëc ñoåi thaønh “ had to” (boån phaän ñöôïc thöïc hieän ngay) hoaëc “would have to” ( boån phaän tuyø thuoäc vaøo moät haønh ñoäng naøo ñoù ôû töông lai khaù xa) Ex: - An said:“ I must go for a job interview tomorrow” -> An said he must / had to go for a job interview the following day. - She said: “ When you leave school you must find a job.” -> She told me (that) when I lelf school I must / would have to find a job.” iv) Lôøi tröïc tieáp laø caâu ñieàu kieän ôû daïng giaû ñònh (subjunctive) hoaëc caâu coù thì quaù khöù giaû ñònh ( past subjunctive) ñi sau “ wish, would rather, would sooner, it’s time.” Ex: - He said: “ If I were you, I wouldn’t wait” -> He said if he were you, he wouldn’t wait” - “ We wish we didn’t have to take exams”, said the children. -> The children said they wished they didn’t have to take exams. - He said: “It’s time we began planning our holidays” -> He said that it was time they began planning our holidays. v) Thì quaù khöù ñôn hoaëc thì quaù khöù tieáp dieãn coù thôøi gian xaùc ñònh hoaëc thuoäc meänh ñeà chæ thôøi gian Ex: - She said :“ Ann arrived on Monday” -> She said Ann arrived on Monday. - He said: “ When I saw them, they were playing tennis” -> He said when he saw them, they were playing tennis. c) Ñoåi moät soá tính töø chæ ñònh vaø traïng töø hoaëc cuïm traïng töø chæ nôi choán, thôøi gian. DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH Time now today tonight tomorrow next week next month yesterday last night last week last month ago then / immediately / at that time that day that night the next day / the following day / the day after the following week / the week after the following month / the month after the day before / the previous day the night before / the previous night the week before / the previous week the month before / the previous month before / earlier Place Here There Demonstrative heads This These That Those Ex: - He said: “ I saw her yesterday” -> He said (that) he saw / had seen her the day before. - Mai said: “I’m having a wonderful time here” -> Mai said that she was having a wonderful time there. - Ba said: “ I’ll go to Hue tomorrow” -> Ba said he would go to Hue the following day. Note : i)Neáu thôøi ñieåm ñöôïc ñeà caäp trong lôøi noùi tröïc tieáp vaãn chöa ñeán, thì cuûa ñoäng töø vaø traïng töø chæ thôøi gian trong lôøi noùi giaùn tieáp vaãn giöõ nguyeân Ex: - Jane said: “ I ’ll go to BaLi by the end of this month” ( Jane noùi,“ Cuoái thaùng naøy toâi seõ ñi BaLi”) Caâu noùi cuûa Jane ñöôïc thuaät laïi tröôùc cuoái thaùng naøy. -> Jane said that she will go to BaLi by the end of this month. Caâu noùi ñöôïc thuaät laïi sau ñoù vaøi thaùng. -> Jane said that she would go to BaLi by the of that month. ii)Neáu ñòa ñieåm ñöôïc ñeà caäp trong lôøi noùi tröïc tieáp cuøng ñòa ñieåm vôùi ngöôøi töôøng thuaät, traïng töø chæ nôi choán trong lôøi noùi giaùn tieáp khoâng ñoåi Ex: - The old man said, “ I ‘ve lived in this village for over 80 years” Thoâng thöôøng chuùng ta chuyeån sang giaùn tieáp -> The old man said he had lived in that village for over 80 years Nhöng neáu ngöôøi töôøng thuaät ñang ôû trong ngoâi laøng ñoù thì traïng töø chæ nôi choán khoâng ñoåi. -> The old man said he had lived in this village for over 80 years 3.2.2 Caùch bieán ñoåi rieâng ñoái vôùi töøng daïng caâu: a) Caâu traàn thuaät trong lôøi noùi giaùn tieáp ( statements in indirect speech) Khi ñoåi caâu traàn thuaät töø tröïc tieáp sang giaùn tieáp , ta caàn phaûi tuaân theo caùc quy taéc sau: Duøng ñoäng töø giôùi thieäu “ say hoaëc tell” : say that; say to somebody that; tell somebody that. Nhöng phaûi ôû quaù khöù ( said / told) vaø lieân töø “that” coù theå löôïc boû. Ex: Tom said (that) he was feeling ill I told her (that) I didn’t have any money. Löu yù: tell + taân ngöõ (object) thöôøng ñöôïc duøng hôn say to + taân ngöõ. Ñoåi ngoâi, thì, traïng töø thôøi gian vaø nôi choán theo quy taéc chung Ex: - He said:“I play badminton” -> He said that he played badminton. - He said: “ I shall come here to take this book tomorrow.” -> He said that he would go there to take that book the following day. b) Caâu hoûi trong lôøi noùi giaùn tieáp ( Questions in indirect speeches) Coù hai loaïi caâu hoûi: caâu hoûi Yes – No vaø caâu hoûi Wh- i) Caâu hoûi Yes – No ( Yes – No questions) Khi ñoåi caâu hoûi Yes – No töø tröïc tieáp sang giaùn tieáp , ta caàn chuù yù nhöõng ñieåm sau: Duøng ñoäng töø giôùi thieäu “ ask, inquire, wonder, want to know ” “Ask”coù theå ñöôïc theo sau bôûi taân ngöõ tröïc tieáp (He asked me …), nhöng “ inquire, wonder, want to know ” thì khoâng coù taân ngöõ theo sau (NOT He wondered me …) Duøng “If / whether” ngay sau ñoäng töø giôùi thieäu cuûa meänh ñeà chính .( If / whether coù nghóa “ coù … khoâng ”) Ñoåi caáu truùc caâu hoûi thaønh caâu traàn thuaät. Ñoåi ñaïi töø, tính töø sôû höõu, thì cuûa ñoäng töø vaø caùc traïng töø chæ thôøi gian vaø nôi choán (gioáng caùch ñoåi caâu traân thuaät) Boû daáu chaám hoûi S + asked + (O ) + If / whether + S + V + … Ex: - He said, “ Do you know Bill ?” -> He asked me if / whether I knew Bill. - “ Will Tom be here tomorrow? ” Mary wondered. -> Mary wondered if / whether Tom would be there the day after. - The visitors asked, “ Can we take photos ?” -> The visitors wanted to know if / whether they could take photos . ii) Caâu hoûi Wh – ( wh – questions) Caâu hoûi Wh- laø loaïi caâu hoûi ñöôïc môû ñaàu baèng caùc nghi vaán töø :“ who, what, when, where, why, how …” . Trong lôøi noùi giaùn tieáp loaïi caâu hoûi naøy ñöôïc chuyeån ñoåi nhö sau: Duøng caùc ñoäng töø giôùi thieäu : “ ask, inquire, wonder, want to know ” Laëp laïi caùc töø hoûi (who, what, when, where, why, how …) sau ñoäng töø giôùi thieäu Ñoåi traät töï caâu hoûi thaønh caâu traàn thuaät. Ñoåi ñaïi töø, tính töø sôû höõu, thì cuûa ñoäng töø vaø caùc traïng töø chæ thôøi gian vaø nôi choán Boû daáu chaám hoûi S + asked + (O ) + who / what / when / where / why / how + S + V + … Ex: - He said,“ What time does the film begin ?” -> He wanted to know what time the film began. - Mary said to Nam: “What do you read?” -> Mary asked Nam what he read. - “ How far is it to the school, Lan?” Nam asked. -> Nam asked Lan how far it was to her school Notes: i) Khi töôøng thaät laïi caùc daïng caâu coù caáu truùc :”who / which /what +++be + + boå ngöõ (complement), be coù theå ñöôïc ñaët tröôùc hoaëc boå ngöõ Ex: - Who’s the best player? -> She asked me who was the best player. / She asked me who the best player was. - Which is my seat? -> She wondered which was her seat. / She wondered which her seat was. ii) Ñoäng töø giôùi thieäu trong meänh ñeà chính ôû thì hieän taïi ñôn, hieän taïi tieáp dieãn, hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh vaø töông lai ñôn -> thì cuûa ñoäng töø trong caâu giaùn tieáp khoâng ñoåi. Ex: - Has the taxi arrived yet? -> She is wondering if / whether the taxi has arrived yet. Where can we stay? -> They want to know when they can stay. c) Caâu meänh leänh vaø caâu yeâu caàu trong lôøi noùi giaùn tieáp ( orders and requests in indirect speeches) Ñeå chuyeån caâu meänh leänh, caâu yeâu caàu töø tröïc tieáp sang giaùn tieáp ta laøm nhö sau: Duøng ñoäng töø giôùi thieäu “ ask hoaëc tell” Ñaët taân ngöõ (object) chæ ngöôøi nhaän leänh hoaëc ngöôøi ñöôïc yeâu caàu sau ñoäng töø giôùi thieäu. Duøng daïng nguyeân maãu coù “to” ( to infinitive) cuûa ñoäng töø trong caâu tröïc tieáp. Trong caâu phuû ñònh, “not” ñöôïc ñaët tröôùc “to infinitive”. Ñoåi caùc ñaïi töø, tính töø sôû höõu vaø boû “ please” (neáu coù) S + asked / told + O + (not) + to-infinitive Ex : - “ Stay in bed for a few days”, the doctor said to me. -> The doctor asked / told me to stay in bed for a few days . - “ Please don’t tell anybody what happened”, Ann said to Jim. -> Ann asked Jim not to tell anybody what had happened. - “ Would you mind turning the music down?”, he said to his neighbors. -> He asked his neighbors to turn the music down. Caáu truùc ‘ask + to infinitive’ hoaëc ‘ ask for’ cuõng coù theå ñöôïc duøng Ex: - “ Can I see your driving licence, please”, the policeman said. -> The policeman asked to see my driving licence. - “ Can I have some brochures, please?”, Judy said. -> Judy asked for some brochures . Caâu meänh leänh hoaëc caâu yeâu caàu cuõng coù theå ñöôïc töôøng thuaät laïi baèng moät meänh ñeà. Ex: - “ Stay in bed for a few days”, the doctor said to me. -> The doctor told me (that) I had to stay in bed for a few days. - “ Would you mind turning the music down?”, he said to his neighbors. -> He asked his neighbors if they would mind turning the music down. Note: Ngoaøi ‘ask vaø tell’ caùc ñoäng töø ‘ order, command, request, beg, implore’ cuõng coù theå ñöôïc duøng. Ex: - “ Please, don’t take any risks”, said his wife. -> His wife begged / implored him not to take any risks. d) Caùc caâu dieãn taû lôøi ñeà nghò, lôøi höùa, lôøi khuyeân, lôøi môøi, v.v. trong lôøi noùi giaùn tieáp ( Offers, promises, advice, invitations, ect. in indirect speeches) Lôøi ñeà nghò, lôøi höùa, lôøi khuyeân, lôøi môøi, v.v. thöôøng ñöôïc töôøng thuaät baèng caùc ñoäng töø giôùi thieäu: offer, recommend, promise, advise, encouage, invite, agree, remind, warn, urge, … .Khi ñoåi sang caâu töôøng thuaätñeàu coù chung daïng nhö sau : S + offer / recommend / promise / advise … ( +O ) + to-infinitive. Ex: - They said:“We’ll pay for the meal” -> They offered to pay for the meal. ( = They said that they would pay for the meal. ) - John said: “ I ‘ll write for you”. -> John promised to write for me. ( = John promised that he would write for me.) - Tom said: “ You should / ought to take a taxi, Mary”. -> Tom advised Mary to take a taxi. (= Tom told Mary that she should / ought to take a taxi.) Notes: i) Caáu truùc “ Can / Could / Will / Would you …, please ? hoaëc Would / Do you mind + V-ing …?” Ñöôïc xem nhö caâu yeâu caàu. Ex: - “Could you pass me the salt, please?” -> He asked / told me to pass him the salt. ii) Caáu truùc “ Would you like …? Ñöôïc xem nhö lôøi môøi. Ex: - “Would you like to go to the movies? -> He invited me to go to the movies. iii) Caáu truùc “Shall I / we …? Vaø “Can I …? Ñöôïc xem nhö lôøi ñeà nghò. Ex: - “Shall I carry your bags?, the porter said. -> The porter offered to carry my bags. iv) Caáu truùc If I were … Ñöôïc xem nhö lôøi khuyeân. Ex: - “If I were you, I would stop smoking.” -> She advised me to stop smoking. v) Caáu truùc “ Let’s … / Shall we … ? hoaëc Why don’t … ? Ñöôïc xem nhö lôøi gôïi yù vaø ñöôïc töôøng thuaät laïi baèng: “ suggest + V-ing / that clause. Ex: - The guide said, “ Let’s stop for a rest.” -> The guide suggested stopping for a rest. -> The guide suggested that we / they should stop for a rest. 3.3 Baøi taäp öùng duïng: 3.3.1 Giaùo vieân cho hoïc sinh baøi taäp bao goàm caùc daïng ñaõ ñöôïc hoïc Complete the table (Language focus 2/p38 (Unit 4 – Tieáng Anh 9) Direct speech Reported speech present simple tense past simple tense present progressive tense future simple tense can / may must Direct speech Reported speech this that these here now then today tomorrow the following day Rewrite these sentenses into reported speech Language focus 3/p39 (Unit 4 – Tieáng Anh 9) “ This birthday cake is delicious.” ( Uncle Hung) “ I love these roses.” ( Miss Nga) “ I’m having a wonderful time here.” (Cousin Mai) “ I will go to Hue tomorrow.” (Mr. Chi) “I may have a new job.” ( Mrs. Hoa) “ I must leave now.” (Mr. Quang) Language focus 4 /p39 (Unit 4 – Tieáng Anh 9) She asked me_________________________________ . “How old are you?” “ Is your school near here?” “ What is the name of your school?” “ Do you go to school by bicycle?” “ Which grade are you in?” “ Can you use a computer?” “ Why do you want this job?” “ When does your school vacation start?” Use reported speech. You told another friend what Nam said. Here are some of things he said to you (1/p27 - Workbook – Tieáng Anh 9) “ I live here with my parents” “Our new house is beautiful” “ I want to be a teacher of English” “I’m thinking of going to study English in Australia” “I can’t speak Chinese” “My sister is now having a wonderful time in Nha Trang” “I’ll be very busy today” “ I must come to the meeting tomorrow” “These roses are for you” “I’m going away for a few days. I’ll phone you later” Report all the questions. (2/p28 - Workbook – Tieáng Anh 9) “What sort of heating is there?” Nam asked. -> I asked her _______________________________________. “ What do you think of the flat?” Mrs. Smith asked. -> She asked me _____________________________________. “How far is it to the school?” Nam asked. -> I asked her _______________________________________. “ How do you go to school?” Mrs. Smith asked. -> She asked me _____________________________________. “ How much is the rent?” Nam asked. -> I asked her _______________________________________. “ How often do you want the rent?” -> I asked her _______________________________________. “ When are you moving in?” -> She asked me _____________________________________. Report all the questions. (3/p29 - Workbook – Tieáng Anh 9) “ Is there a phone?” -> I asked her ______________________________________. “ Do you have many friends?” ->She asked me _____________________________________. “ Is there a fridge in the kitchen?” -> I asked her ______________________________________. “ Do you smoke?” -> She asked me _____________________________________. “Does the flat have central heating?” -> I asked her ______________________________________. “Do you sometimes have a party?” -> She asked me _____________________________________. “ Can I move the furniture around?” -> I asked her ______________________________________. “ Do you often get home after 10.30?” -> She asked me _____________________________________. “Is there a TV in the bedroom?” -> I asked her ______________________________________. Report all the questions. (4/p29 - Workbook – Tieáng Anh 9) “Can you speak English?” said Ann. -> Ann ____________________________________________________. “How long are you staying here?” asked Peter. -> Peter ___________________________________________________. “Are you working as well as studying?” said Linda. -> Linda ___________________________________________________. “What are you going to study?” asked Ann. -> Ann ____________________________________________________. “ Do you want to buy any second-hand books?” said Bill. -> Bill _____________________________________________________. “ What kind of sports do you like best?” asked Peter. -> Peter ____________________________________________________. “ What do you think of the canteen coffee?” asked Ann. -> Ann _____________________________________________________. “ What soft drinks do you like?” said Bill. -> Bill _____________________________________________________. More exercises Use reported speech. 1. Sarah was driving too fast, so I asked _______________________________. 2. Sue was pessimistic about the situation, so I told _______________________. 3. The foremen walked towards the children and warned __________________. 4. It was time for dinner, so I invited ___________________________________. 5. They apologized for the crash and offered ____________________________. 6. We were going to take part in a poetry contest, so Susan suggested ________. 7. The doctor made out a prescription for me, then he advised ______________. Put the following commands and requests into reported speech. The teacher said to Tim, “Come into my office, please” Their mother said to them, “ Don’t make so much noise.” The traffic policeman said, “ Show me your driving licence, please.” Mrs. Jackson said to Tim, “ Could you give me a hand, please?” Nam said to the taxi driver, “ Please turn left at the first trafic light.” She said to her son, “Go straight upstairs and get into bed.” Mary said to John, “Can you carry my suitcase, please?” Mr. Atkins said to David, “ You mustn’t leave the door unlocked.” I said to my neighbors, “ Would you mind turning the music down?” The lifeguard said, “Don’t swim out too far, boys.” Put the following advice into reported speech. The doctor said to Mr. John : “ You should stay in bed for a few days” “ You ought to keep your body warm.” “ You shouldn’t stay up late at night.” “ You ought not to eat fatty food.” “ You should stop smoking right now.” 3.3.2 Giaùo vieân oân laïi caùch chuyeån ñoåi caâu tröïc tieáp sang giaùn tieáp Giaùo vieân yeâu caàu hoïc sinh nhaän bieát daïng caâu, chuû ngöõ, thì, taân ngöõ, caùc traïng töø chæ thôõi gian vaø nôi choán. Giaùo vieân nhaéc laïi caùch chuyeån ñoåi cuûa töøng loaïi caâu . 3.3.3 Hoïc sinh tieán haønh chuyeån ñoåi caâu: Complete the table (Language focus 2/p38 (Unit 4 – Tieáng Anh 9) Direct speech Reported speech present simple tense past simple tense present progressive tense past progressive tense future simple tense future in the past (would) can / may could / might must had to Direct speech Reported speech this that these those here there now then today that day tomorrow the following day Rewrite these sentenses into reported speech Language focus 3/p39 (Unit 4 – Tieáng Anh 9) “ This birthday cake is delicious.” ( Uncle Hung) -> Uncle Hung said that birthday cake was delicious. “ I love these roses.” ( Miss Nga) -> Miss Nga said she loved those roses. “ I’m having a wonderful time here.” (Cousin Mai) -> Cousin Mai said she was having a wonderful time there. “ I will go to Hue tomorrow.” (Mr. Chi) -> Mr. Chi said he would go to Hue the following day. “I may have a new job.” (Mrs. Hoa) -> Mrs. Hoa said she might have a new job. “ I must leave now.” (Mr. Quang) -> Mr. Quang said he had to leave then. Language focus 4 /p39 (Unit 4 – Tieáng Anh 9) She asked me_________________________________ . “How old are you?” -> She asked me how old I was. “ Is your school near here?” -> She asked me if (whether) my school was near there. “ What is the name of your school?” -> She asked me what the name of my school was. “ Do you go to school by bicycle?” -> She asked me if (whether) I went to school by bicycle. “ Which grade are you in?” -> She asked me which grade I was in. “ Can you use a computer?” -> She asked me if (whether) I could use a computer. “ Why do you want this job?” -> She asked me why I wanted that job. “ When does your school vacation start?” -> She asked me when my school vacation started. Use reported speech. You told another friend what Nam said. Here are some of things he said to you (1/p27 - Workbook – Tieáng Anh 9) “ I live here with my parents” -> He said (that) he lived there with his parents. “Our new house is beautiful” -> He said (that) their new house was beautiful. “ I want to be a teacher of English” -> He said (that) he wanted to be a teacher of English. “I’m thinking of going to study English in Australia” -> He said (that) he was thinking of going to study English in Australia. “I can’t speak Chinese” -> He said (that) he couldn’t speak Chinese. “My sister is now having a wonderful time in Nha Trang” -> He said (that) his sister was then having a wonderful time in Nha Trang. “I’ll be very busy today” -> He said (that) he wouldl be very busy that day. “ I must come to the meeting tomorrow” -> He said (that) he had to come to the meeting the next day. “These roses are for you” -> He said (that) those roses were for me. “I’m going away for a few days. I’ll phone you later” -> He said (that) he was going away for a few days. He would phone me later. Report all the questions. (2/p28 - Workbook – Tieáng Anh 9) “What sort of heating is there?” Nam asked. -> I asked her what sort of heating there was. “ What do you think of the flat?” Mrs. Smith asked. -> She asked me what I thought of the flat. “How far is it to the school?” Nam asked. -> I asked her how far it was to the school. “ How do you go to school?” Mrs. Smith asked. -> She asked me how I went to school. “ How much is the rent?” Nam asked. -> I asked her how much the rent was. “ How often do you want the rent?” -> I asked her how often she wanted the rent. “ When are you moving in?” -> She asked me when I was moving in. Report all the questions. (3/p29 - Workbook – Tieáng Anh 9) “ Is there a phone?” - > I asked her if (whether) there was a phone. “ Do you have many friends?” -> She asked me if (whether) I had many friends. “ Is there a fridge in the kitchen?” -> I asked her if (whether) there was a fridge in the kitchen. “ Do you smoke?” -> She asked me if (whether) I smoked. “Does the flat have central heating?” -> I asked her if (whether) the flat had central heating. “Do you sometimes have a party?” -> She asked me if (whether) I sometimes had a party. “ Can I move the furniture around?” -> I asked her if (whether) I could move the furniture around. “ Do you often get home after 10.30?” -> She asked me if (whether) I often got home after 10.30. “Is there a TV in the bedroom?” -> I asked her if (whether) there was a TV in the bedroom. Report all the questions. (4/p29 - Workbook – Tieáng Anh 9) “Can you speak English?” said Ann. -> Ann asked if (whether) I could speak English . “How long are you staying here?” asked Peter. -> Peter asked how long I was staying there. “Are you working as well as studying?” said Linda. -> Linda asked if (whether) I was working as well as studying. “ What are you going to study?” asked Ann. -> Ann asked what I was going to study . “ Do you want to buy any second-hand books?” said Bill. -> Bill asked if (whether) I wanted to buy any second-hand books . “ What kind of sports do you like best?” asked Peter. -> Peter asked what kind of sports I liked best. “ What do you think of the canteen coffee?” asked Ann. -> Ann asked what I thought of the canteen coffee. “ What soft drinks do you like?” said Bill. -> Bill asked what soft drinks I liked. More exercises Use reported speech. 1. Sarah was driving too fast, so I asked her to slow down. 2. Sue was pessimistic about the situation, so I told her not to worry. 3. The foremen walked towards the children and warned them not to touch the electric wares. 4. It was time for dinner, so I invited Claire to stay for dinner. 5. They apologized for the crash and offered to pay for the damage. 6. We were going to take part in a poetry contest, so Susan suggested jonning an poetry. 7. The doctor made out a prescription for me, then he advised me to stay in bed for a few days. Put the following commands and requests into reported speech. The teacher said to Tim, “Come into my office, please” -> The teacher asked / told Tim to come into her office. Their mother said to them, “ Don’t make so much noise.” ->Their mother asked / told them not to make so much noise. The traffic policeman said, “ Show me your driving licence, please.” -> The traffic policeman asked / told me to show him my driving licence. Mrs. Jackson said to Tim, “ Could you give me a hand, please?” -> Mrs. Jackson asked / told Tim to give her a hand. Nam said to the taxi driver, “ Please turn left at the first trafic light.” -> Nam asked / told the taxi driver to turn left at the first trafic light. She said to her son, “Go straight upstairs and get into bed.” -> She asked / told her son to go straight upstairs and get into bed. Mary said to John, “Can you carry my suitcase, please?” ->Mary asked / told John to carry her suitcase. I said to my neighbors, “ Would you mind turning the music down?” -> I asked / told my neighbors to turn the music down Mr. Atkins said to David, “ You mustn’t leave the door unlocked.” -> Mr. Atkins asked / told David not to leave the door unlocked. The lifeguard said, “Don’t swim out too far, boys.” -> The lifeguard asked / told not to swim out too far. Put the following advice into reported speech. The doctor said to Mr. John : “ You should stay in bed for a few days” -> The doctor said he should stay in bed for a few days. “ You ought to keep your body warm.” -> The doctor said he ought to keep his body warm. “ You shouldn’t stay up late at night.” -> The doctor said he shouldn’t stay up late at night. “ You ought not to eat fatty food.” -> The doctor said he ought not to eat fatty food . “ You should stop smoking right now.” -> The doctor said he should stop smoking right then. 3.3.4 Giaùo vieân söûa loãi, cuûng coá, khaéc saâu kieán thöùc: Trong quaù trình giaûng daïy vaø cho hoïc sinh luyeän taäp, toâi nhaän thaáy hoïc sinh ñaõ coù tieán boä hôn, caùc em ñaõ nhaän bieát ñöôïc daïng caâu, caùc thaønh phaàn trong caâu, caùc traïng töø chæ thôøi gian vaø nôi choán. Tuy nhieân, caùc em vaãn coøn vöôùng moät soá khuyeát ñieåm sau: Caùc em thöôøng xaùc ñònh sai ngoâi. Do ñoù , giaùo vieân phaûi oân laïi caùc ñaïi töø nhaân xöng, tính töø sôû höõu Ex: “ Do you see new friends?”, he said to me. -> He asked me if I saw new friends. Trong caâu ví duï treân, chuû töø cuûa caâu tröïc tieáp laø “you” laøm chuû ngöõ ôû ngoâi thöù hai, taân ngöõ cuûa meänh ñeà töôøng thuaät laø “me” neân khi chuyeån sang caâu noùi giaùn tieáp, ngoâi thöù hai ta phaûi chuyeån theo ngoâi cuûa taân ngöõ cuûa meänh ñeà töôøng thuaät. Do ñoù, “you” ñöôïc ñoåi thaønh “I “. Do vaäy, giaùo vieân neân khaéc saâu cho caùc em 1 laàn nöõa veà caùch chuyeån ñoåi ngoâi cuï theå sau: Ngoâi thöù 1 -> ngoâi thöù 3. Ngoâi thöù 2 -> ñoåi ra 1 ngoâi hôïp vôùi taân ngöõ trong caâu tröïc tieáp. Ngoâi thöù 3 -> giöõ nguyeân khoâng ñoåi Ngoaøi ra, caùc em hay queân chuyeån ñoäng töø chính caâu tröïc tieáp sang quaù khöù töông öùng trong caâu giaùn tieáp. Ex: 1.“ I love these roses.”, Miss Nga said -> Miss Nga said she loved those roses. 2.“ What are you going to study?” asked Ann. -> Ann asked what I was going to study . 3. “ Do you want to buy any second-hand books?” said Bill. -> Bill asked if (whether) I wanted to buy any second-hand books. Maët khaùc, caùc em thöôøng khoâng nhôù caùc traïng töø chæ thôøi gian vaø nôi choán. Do vaäy, giaùo vieân phaûi yeâu caàu hoïc sinh hoïc thuoäc caùc traïng töø chæ thôøi gian vaø nôi choán thöôøng ñöôïc söû duïng trong caâu tröïc tieáp vaø töø thay theá töông öùng söû duïng trong caâu giaùn tieáp. Ex: “ What are you doing now?” -> She asked me what I was doing then. Keát quaû: Sau ñaây laø baûng thoáng keâ chaát löôïng hoïc taäp Hoïc kì I cuûa hoïc sinh ôû lôùp aùp duïng ñeà taøi vaø lôùp hoïc khoâng aùp duïng ñeà taøi. Lôùp TSHS Ñieåm TBM treân 5 Ñieåm TBM döôùi 5 9A3 33 26 -> 78,8 % 7 -> 21,2 % 9A4 35 25 -> 71,4 % 10 -> 28,6 % 9A6 31 22 -> 71,0 % 9 -> 29,0 % Vôùi keát quaû cuï theå treân tuy chöa tuyeät ñoái, nhöng noù ñaõ phaàn naøo giuùp hoïc sinh hieåu vaø naém vöõng caùch ñoåi caâu tröïc tieáp sang caâu giaùn tieáp. Caùc em höùng thuù vaø tích cöïc hôn trong vieäc giaûi baøi taäp treân lôùp. Ñieàu ñoù, cho thaáy “ Kinh nghieäm höôùng daãn hoïc sinh lôùp 9 chuyeån caâu tröïc tieáp sang caâu giaùn tieáp ” maø toâi ñang nghieân cöùu, ít nhieàu ñaõ mang laïi hieäu quaû trong quaù trình giaûng daïy ôû moät tröôøng THCS Thò Traán Chaâu Thaønh. Töï ñaùnh giaù keát quaû ñeà taøi: Caên cöù vaøo keát quaû ñaït ñöôïc, toâi nhaän thaáy raèng vieäc höôùng daãn hoïc sinh caùch ñoåi caâu Tröïc tieáp sang caâu Giaùn tieáp laø moät vieäc raát caàn thieát, sau khi aùp duïng ôû ba lôùp 9 toâi phuï traùch, caùc em ñaõ khaéc ghi nhöõng gì toâi truyeàn ñaït, uoán naén ñi vaøo neà neáp, mang laïi söï chuyeån bieán coù hieäu quaû roõ reät.  KEÁT LUAÄN Baøi hoïc kinh nghieäm: Qua vieäc nghieân cöùu höôùng daãn hoïc sinh chuyeån caâu Tröïc tieáp sang caâu Giaùn tieáp, toâi nhaän thaáy vieäc aùp duïng kinh nghieäm naøy giuùp hoïc sinh yeáu keùm tieáp thu baøi deã hôn, coù nhieàu tieán boä hôn, ñoàng thôøi hoïc sinh khaù gioûi cuõng phaùt huy ñöôïc khaû naêng saùng taïo cuûa mình. Do ño,ù vieäc ñoåi môùi phöông phaùp vaø coù phöông phaùp giaûng daïy moät caùch linh hoaït sao cho phuø hôïp vôùi töøng ñoái töôïng laø raát caàn thieát. Ngoaøi ra, giaùo vieân cuõng caàn phaûi bieát vaän duïng kinh nghieäm vaøo thöïc tieãn moät tieát hoïc nhaèm phaùt huy tính tích cöïc, chuû ñoäng saùng taïo cuûa hoïc sinh, naâng cao chaát löôïng giaûng daïy. Chính vì vaäy, giaùo vieân phaûi giaûng daïy nhieät tình, yeâu ngheà vaø yeâu quí caû nhöõng hoïc sinh cuûa mình ñeå coù nhieàu nhieät huyeát, nhieàu kinh nghieäm ñeåø luoân ñöôïc ñoåi môùi , saùng taïo , ña daïng phong phuù vaø ñaït hieäu quaû cao nhaát. Laø moät giaùo vieân, toâi mong muoán cuõng ñöôïc ñoùng goùp nhöõng kinh nghieäm cuûa mình cuøng vôùi caùc thaày coâ vaø caùc baïn ñoàng nghieäp xaây döïng toát hôn, hoaøn thieän hôn con ñöôøng “troàng ngöôøi cuûa mình” ngaøy moät ñi leân vaø coù hieäu quaû cao. Höôùng phoå bieán, aùp duïng ñeà taøi: Sau gaàn moät naêm nghieân cöùu vaø aùp duïng thaønh coâng saùng kieán kinh nghieäm “höôùng daãn hoïc sinh lôùp 9 chuyeån caâu tröïc tieáp sang caâu giaùn tieáp” vaøo thöïc teá giaûng daïy boä moân Tieáng Anh, naêm hoïc 2009-2010 . toâi raát mong saùng kieán kinh nghieäm naøy coù theå aùp duïng daïy cho hoïc sinh lôùp 9, ñoàng thôøi cuõng coù theå aùp duïng daïy cho hoïc sinh lôùp 8 ñeå caùc em naém ñöôïc kieán thöùc cô baûn khi laøm daïng baøi taäp naøy. Höôùng nghieân cöùu tieáp: Qua nghieân cöùu höôùng daãn hoïc sinh hoïc saùng kieán kinh nghieäm naøy, toâi nhaän thaáy caùc em ñaõ coù söï chuyeån bieán toát veà khaû naêng tieáp thu baøi. Do ñoù ,tieáp theo toâi seõ vaän duïng môû roäng, naâng cao höôùng daãn cho hoïc sinh naém toát hôn. Treân ñaây laø nhöõng kinh nghieäm cuûa toâi höôùng daãn cho hoïc sinh lôùp 9 tröôøng THCS Thò Traán Chaâu Thaønh bieát caùch chuyeån caâu tröïc tieáp sang caâu giaùn tieáp. Toâi xin traân troïng baùo caùo tröôùc ngaønh, tröôùc Ban Giaùm Hieäu tröôøng vaø caùc ñoàng nghieäp tham khaûo. Raát mong ñöôïc söï giuùp ñôõ, boå sung ñoùng goùp yù kieán quí baùu ñeå ñeà taøi mang laïi hieäu quaû toát hôn, thieát thöïc hôn, ñoàng thôøi cuõng giuùp toâi coù caùi nhìn toaøn dieän, hoaøn chænh hôn veà vieäc nghieân cöùu ñeà taøi tieáp theo. Thò traán, Ngaøy10 thaùng 4 naêm 2010 Ngöôøi thöïc hieän (ñaõ kí) Traàn Thò Hoàng Mai Muïc Luïc PHAÀN I : BAÛN TOÙM TAÉT ÑEÀ TAØI ………………………… 01-02 PHAÀN II: NOÄI DUNG ÑEÀ TAØI …………………………….. 03-28 A. MÔÛ ÑAÀU Trang I. Lyù do choïn ñeà taøi ……………………………………… 03 II. Ñoái töông nghieân cöùu …………………………………. 03 III.Phaïm vi nghieân cöùu …………………………………… 04 IV.Phöông phaùp nghieân cöùu ……………………………… 04 B. NOÄI DUNG I. Cô sôû lyù luaän 05 II.Cô sôû thöïc tieãn 05 III. Noäi dung vaán ñeà Vaán ñeà ñaët ra 06 Caùc giaûi phaùp chuû yeáu 06 Quaù trình thöïc hieän 06 3.1 Khaùi nieäm 06 3.2 Caùch bieán ñoåi caâu tröïc tieáp sang caâu giaùn tieáp 07-17 3.3 Baøi taäp öùng duïng ……………………….. 17-26 4. Keát quaû 27 5. Töï ñaùnh giaù ñeà taøi …………………………………….28 C. KEÁT LUAÄN I. Baøi hoïc kinh nghieäm 29 II. Höôùng phoå bieán aùp duïng ñeà taøi 29 III.Höôùng nghieân cöùu tieáp ñeà taøi 29 Taøi Lieäu Tham Khaûo 1. Saùch giaùo khoa tieáng Anh lôùp 9 Nhaø xuaát baûn Giaùo duïc 2. Saùch baøi taäp Tieáng Anh lôùp 9 Nhaø xuaát baûn Giaùo duïc 3. Saùch giaùo vieân Tieáng Anh lôùp 9 Nhaø xuaát baûn Giaùo duïc 4. Tieáng Anh cô baûn vaø naâng cao lôùp 9 NXB ÑHSP TP. Hoà Chí Minh 5. Chuyeân ñeà boài döôõng Tieáng Anh 9 NXB ÑHSP TP. Hoà Chí Minh 6. Ngöõ phaùp thöïc haønh Tieáng Anh 9 NXB ÑH Quoác gia TP. HCM 7. Ngöõ phaùp Tieáng Anh NXB Ñaø Naüng PHIEÁU ÑIEÅM TIEÂU CHUAÅN NHAÄN XEÙT ÑIEÅM Tieâu chuaån 1 (toái ña 25 ñieåm) Tieâu chuaån 2 (toái ña 50 ñieåm) Tieâu chuaån 3 (toái ña 25 ñieåm) Toång coäng: ñieåm. Xeáp loaïi: …………………Ngaøy……………thaùng…………naêm 2010. Hoï teân, chöõ kyù giaùm khaûo. Giaùm khaûo 1: Chöõ kyù: Giaùm khaûo 2 Chöõ kyù: Giaùm khaûo 3 Chöõ kyù: YÙ KIEÁN NHAÄN XEÙT VAØ ÑAÙNH GIAÙ CUÛA HOÄI ÑOÀNG KHOA HOÏC Caáp tröôøng: Nhaän xeùt:……………………………………………………………….......................... …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Xeáp loaïi: ………… Chuû tòch HÑ khoa hoïc Caáp cô sôû (Phoøng giaùo duïc): Nhaän xeùt:………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Xeáp loaïi: ………… Chuû tòch HÑ khoa hoïc Caáp ngaønh (Sôû GD – ÑT): Nhaän xeùt:………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Xeáp loaïi: ……… Chuû tòch HÑ khoa hoïc