Luận án Investigating the competitiveness of Vietnam’s agricultural sector: a multi - Level approach

(ex.furs),raw 0.00 0.00 -0.04 -0.05 -0.01 -0.08 -0.04 -0.04 42 212 Furskins, raw 0.00 0.00 -0.03 -0.04 -0.01 -0.07 -0.04 -0.03 43 222 Oilseed(sft.fix veg.oil) -0.02 -0.02 -0.39 -0.52 -0.15 -0.91 -0.55 -0.42 44 223 Oilseed(oth.fix.veg.oil) 0.00 0.00 0.01 -0.02 -0.01 -0.05 -0.02 -0.02 45 231 Natural rubber, etc. 0.00 0.10 2.22 0.54 0.01 -0.10 2.98 0.58 46 244 Cork,natural,raw;waste 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 47 245 Fuel wood, wood charcoal 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.01 0.04 -0.01 0.00 0.01 48 246 Wood in chips, particles 0.00 0.00 0.06 -0.01 -0.02 -0.09 0.12 0.77 49 247 Wood rough,rough squared 0.00 0.00 -0.07 0.23 -0.03 -0.15 -0.09 -0.04 50 248 Wood, simply worked -0.01 0.00 0.19 0.36 -0.06 -0.48 0.23 0.02 51 261 Silk 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 52 263 Cotton 0.00 0.00 -0.04 -0.07 -0.02 -0.14 -0.08 -0.04 53 264 Jute,oth.textl.bast fibr 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 70 No. Code Commodity Brunei Cambodia Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam 54 265 Vegetable textile fibres 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.01 -0.02 0.00 0.01 55 268 Wool, other animal hair 0.00 0.00 -0.04 -0.01 -0.01 -0.08 -0.05 -0.04 56 291 Crude animal materls.nes 0.00 0.00 -0.04 -0.06 -0.01 -0.11 -0.05 -0.04 57 292 Crude veg.materials, nes -0.01 -0.01 0.05 -0.14 0.07 -0.39 -0.12 -0.15 58 411 Animal oils and fats 0.00 0.00 -0.02 -0.03 -0.01 -0.05 -0.03 -0.01 59 421 Fixed veg.fat,oils, soft -0.01 -0.01 -0.19 -0.07 -0.07 -0.41 -0.24 -0.12 60 422 Fixed veg.fat,oils,other -0.01 0.00 10.80 6.17 0.62 -0.44 -0.17 -0.17 61 431 Animal,veg.fats,oils,nes 0.00 0.00 1.03 1.63 0.02 -0.09 -0.03 -0.04 Max 0.00 0.17 10.80 6.17 0.62 0.92 2.98 1.60 Average -0.01 0.00 0.24 0.07 0.00 -0.21 0.16 0.10 Competitive sectors 0.00 5.00 24.00 13.00 15.00 4.00 20.00 18.00 Source: Own calculation based on the data of UN Comtrade (2017) Appendix 14: OLS regression of ASEAN countries’ competitiveness indicators 1997 - 2005 2006 - 2015 1997 - 2015 Brunei β R² R β/R β R² R β/R β R² R β/R RTA 0.61 0.86 0.93 0.66 0.86 0.77 0.88 0.98 NRCA 0.74 0.89 0.94 0.79 0.68 0.83 0.91 0.75 RSCA 0.32 0.13 0.36 0.88 0.98 0.28 0.53 1.86 Cambodia β R² R β /R β R² R β/R β R² R β/R RTA 0.90 0.14 0.37 2.42 NRCA 2.74 0.32 0.57 4.84 RSCA 0.89 0.50 0.70 1.27 Indonesia β R² R β/R β R² R β/R β R² R β/R RTA 1.42 0.86 0.93 1.53 1.27 0.90 0.95 1.33 1.92 0.74 0.86 2.23 NRCA 0.97 0.94 0.97 1.00 1.67 0.81 0.90 1.86 1.82 0.76 0.87 2.09 RSCA 0.98 0.88 0.94 1.05 1.00 0.95 0.97 1.03 0.99 0.82 0.91 1.09 Malaysia β R² R β/R β R² R β/R β R² R β/R RTA 0.81 0.93 0.96 0.84 0.75 0.92 0.96 0.78 0.62 0.84 0.92 0.67 NRCA 0.67 0.96 0.98 0.68 1.21 0.92 0.96 1.26 0.82 0.90 0.95 0.87 RSCA 0.92 0.91 0.96 0.97 0.90 0.88 0.94 0.96 0.83 0.81 0.90 0.92 Philippines 71 β R² R β/R β R² R β/R β R² R β/R RTA 0.67 0.68 0.82 0.81 0.89 0.55 0.74 1.21 0.67 0.59 0.77 0.87 NRCA 0.53 0.91 0.96 0.56 1.16 0.86 0.93 1.25 0.54 0.85 0.92 0.58 RSCA 0.86 0.82 0.90 0.95 0.99 0.88 0.94 1.06 0.86 0.74 0.86 1.00 Singapore β R² R β/R β R² R β/R β R² R β/R RTA 0.16 0.10 0.32 0.48 1.31 0.76 0.87 1.50 0.10 0.02 0.15 0.70 NRCA 0.44 0.62 0.78 0.57 1.24 0.62 0.79 1.58 0.54 0.41 0.64 0.84 RSCA 0.63 0.71 0.84 0.75 0.97 0.77 0.88 1.10 0.59 0.53 0.73 0.80 Thailand β R² R β/R β v R β/R β R² R β/R RTA 1.02 0.93 0.97 1.06 0.82 0.95 0.97 0.84 0.79 0.85 0.92 0.86 NRCA 0.65 0.84 0.92 0.71 0.82 0.83 0.91 0.90 0.62 0.75 0.86 0.71 RSCA 0.91 0.84 0.91 0.99 0.84 0.71 0.84 1.00 0.81 0.66 0.82 0.99 Vietnam β R² R β/R β R² R β/R β R² R β/R RTA 0.72 0.78 0.88 0.82 0.44 0.59 0.76 0.58 0.24 0.32 0.57 0.42 NRCA 1.05 0.83 0.91 1.15 1.25 0.71 0.85 1.48 1.26 0.57 0.75 1.68 RSCA 0.74 0.62 0.79 0.94 0.77 0.72 0.85 0.91 0.59 0.46 0.68 0.87 Source: Own calculation based on the data of UN Comtrade (2017) Appendix 15: Classes of RCA, RTA, and NRCA values and the interpretations Categories Interpretation RCA RTA NRCA Βrunei Class 1 Non-competitiveness ≤ 0 Class 2 Weak competitiveness ≤ 0.0212 Quartile I & II Class 3 Medium competitiveness ≤ 0.0472 Quartile III Class 4 Strong competitiveness > 0.0472 Quartile IV Camβodia Class 1 Non-competitiveness ≤ 1 ≤ 0 ≤ 0 Class 2 Weak competitiveness ≤ 2.2419 ≤ 0.1543 ≤ 0.0039 Quartile I & II Class 3 Medium competitiveness ≤ 9.7775 ≤ 0.7595 ≤ 0.0358 Quartile III Class 4 Strong competitiveness > 9.7775 > 0.7595 > 0.0358 Quartile IV Indonesia Class 1 Non-competitiveness ≤ 1 ≤ 0 ≤ 0 Class 2 Weak competitiveness ≤ 3.0863 ≤ 1.55885 ≤ 0.14195 Quartile I & II Class 3 Medium competitiveness ≤ 7.701 ≤ 6.2302 ≤ 0.50015 Quartile III Class 4 Strong competitiveness > 7.701 > 6.2302 > 0.50015 Quartile IV 72 Malaysia Class 1 Non-competitiveness ≤ 1 ≤ 0 ≤ 0 Class 2 Weak competitiveness ≤ 2.70435 ≤ 0.52625 ≤ 0.2296 Quartile I & II Class 3 Medium competitiveness ≤ 6.8989 ≤ 2.1295 ≤ 0.9944 Quartile III Class 4 Strong competitiveness > 6.8989 > 2.1295 > 0.9944 Quartile IV Philippines Class 1 Non-competitiveness ≤ 1 ≤ 0 ≤ 0 Class 2 Weak competitiveness ≤ 2.371 ≤ 1.1076 ≤ 0.039 Quartile I & II Class 3 Medium competitiveness ≤ 4.5677 ≤ 3.1782 ≤ 0.1639 Quartile III Class 4 Strong competitiveness > 4.5677 > 3.1782 > 0.1639 Quartile IV Singapore Class 1 Non-competitiveness ≤ 1 ≤ 0 ≤ 0 Class 2 Weak competitiveness ≤ 1.3552 ≤ 0.0736 ≤ 0.0831 Quartile I & II Class 3 Medium competitiveness ≤ 1.9622 ≤ 0.2534 ≤ 0.3034 Quartile III Class 4 Strong competitiveness > 1.9622 > 0.2534 > 0.3034 Quartile IV Thailand Class 1 Non-competitiveness ≤ 1 ≤ 0 ≤ 0 Class 2 Weak competitiveness ≤ 2.30225 ≤ 1.0473 ≤ 0.2145 Quartile I & II Class 3 Medium competitiveness ≤ 7.2181 ≤ 3.5961 ≤ 0.9103 Quartile III Class 4 Strong competitiveness > 7.2181 > 3.5961 > 0.9103 Quartile IV Vietnam Class 1 Non-competitiveness ≤ 1 ≤ 0 ≤ 0 Class 2 Weak competitiveness ≤ 4.2839 ≤ 1.4165 ≤ 0.0753 Quartile I & II Class 3 Medium competitiveness ≤ 11.7216 ≤ 7.4741 ≤ 0.5053 Quartile III Class 4 Strong competitiveness > 11.7216 > 7.4741 > 0.5053 Quartile IV Source: Own calculation based on the data of UN Comtrade (2017) Appendix 16: Markov transition probability matrix for the RCA index RCA RTA NRCA Brunei 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 1 99.3 0.6 0.0 0.2 1 2 2 50.0 25.0 25.0 0.0 2 3 3 50.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 3 4 4 40.0 0.0 0.0 60.0 4 Total Total 100 Total Cambodia 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 97.5 2.0 0.5 0.0 1 94.3 4.6 0.6 0.6 1 97.8 1.8 0.5 0.0 2 45.2 45.2 9.7 0.0 2 37.0 50.0 10.9 2.2 2 50.0 46.7 3.3 0.0 3 31.3 12.5 25.0 31.3 3 11.1 20.0 53.3 15.6 3 6.7 6.7 60.0 26.7 73 4 29.3 0.5 2.5 67.7 4 22.3 3.9 4.8 69.0 4 30.1 1.0 1.0 67.9 Total 83 3 1 13 Total 71 9 4 16 Total 83 3 1 12 Indonesia 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 97.1 2.9 0.0 0.0 1 95.5 4.2 0.2 0.2 1 97.1 2.9 0.0 0.0 2 6.5 88.8 4.1 0.6 2 12.4 81.9 5.3 0.4 2 6.5 85.3 7.7 0.6 3 0.0 5.8 80.2 14.0 3 0.0 9.7 78.8 11.5 3 0.0 10.6 82.4 7.1 4 0.0 0.0 12.9 87.1 4 0.9 0.0 11.6 87.5 4 0.0 0.0 7.1 92.9 Total 68 16 8 8 Total 59 20 10 10 Total 68 16 8 8 Malaysia 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 99.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1 94.7 5.1 0.1 0.1 1 99.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 2 6.6 91.5 1.9 0.0 2 18.7 75.7 5.7 0.0 2 6.5 89.7 3.7 0.0 3 0.0 7.7 86.5 5.8 3 1.1 11.6 85.3 2.1 3 0.0 5.9 88.2 5.9 4 0.0 0.0 9.1 90.9 4 2.1 0.0 5.2 92.8 4 0.0 0.0 10.9 89.1 Total 80 10 5 5 Total 65 18 9 8 Total 80 10 5 5 Philippines 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 97.7 2.2 0.1 0.0 1 95.8 3.8 0.4 0.0 1 97.7 2.2 0.1 0.0 2 14.9 74.6 9.7 0.9 2 20.0 76.4 3.6 0.0 2 12.9 74.1 12.9 0.0 3 0.0 18.6 71.2 10.2 3 2.5 8.6 82.7 6.2 3 3.6 25.5 61.8 9.1 4 0.0 3.5 8.8 87.7 4 0.0 0.0 6.1 93.9 4 0.0 0.0 11.9 88.1 Total 79 11 5 5 Total 70 15 7 7 Total 79 11 5 5 Singapore 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 99.3 0.6 0.0 0.1 1 94.2 4.2 1.2 0.4 1 99.3 0.6 0.1 0.0 2 27.0 59.5 13.5 0.0 2 35.3 57.4 7.4 0.0 2 26.3 63.2 10.5 0.0 3 0.0 41.2 52.9 5.9 3 10.3 19.1 57.4 13.2 3 0.0 27.8 55.6 16.7 4 0.0 0.0 21.1 79.0 4 9.2 1.5 10.8 78.5 4 0.0 0.0 17.7 82.4 Total 94 3 2 2 Total 77 12 6 6 Total 94 3 2 2 Thailand 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 97.2 2.7 0.1 0.0 1 93.2 6.6 0.2 0.0 1 97.2 2.8 0.0 0.0 2 9.9 84.5 5.0 0.6 2 11.5 84.3 4.2 0.0 2 10.0 83.9 6.1 0.0 3 1.2 4.8 86.9 7.1 3 0.7 5.7 89.3 4.3 3 1.2 8.3 86.9 3.6 4 0.0 1.1 7.9 91.0 4 0.7 0.0 2.8 96.5 4 0.0 0.0 3.4 96.6 Total 68 16 8 8 Total 48 26 13 13 Total 68 16 8 8 Vietnam 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 94.8 5.0 0.1 0.1 1 92.2 6.8 0.8 0.2 1 94.8 5.0 0.3 0.0 2 21.1 71.9 7.0 0.0 2 18.1 78.0 3.9 0.0 2 21.3 72.9 5.9 0.0 74 3 3.3 16.3 78.3 2.2 3 6.5 11.3 75.0 7.3 3 2.1 11.6 79.0 7.4 4 0.0 0.0 5.3 94.7 4 0.0 0.0 8.6 91.4 4 0.0 0.0 1.1 98.9 Total 67 17 8 8 Total 55 23 11 12 Total 67 17 8 9 Source: Own calculation based on the data of UN Comtrade (2017) Appendices for Chapter 6 Appendix 17: Private and social input cost of rice sector (1000VND) Indicators Private Price Social Price Value TR Share TR Value DF Share DF Value Value TR Share TR Value DF Share DF Value Intermediate input 15,898 10,373 5,525 20,275 12,305 7,970 Seed (purchased) 1,286 50% 643 50% 642.87 1,473.47 50% 736.73 50% 736.73 Chemical pesticide 4,245 70% 2,972 30% 1,273.53 4,991.57 70% 3,494.10 30% 1,497.47 NPK fertilizer 7,035 70% 4,925 30% 2,111 8,071.11 70% 5,649.78 30% 2,421.33 DAP fertilizer 1,875 70% 1,313 30% 563 2,151 70% 1,506 30% 645 Organic fertilizer 414 0% - 100% 414.48 414.48 0% - 100% 414.48 Fuel 1,043 50% 522 50% 522 947 50% 474 50% 474 Water - 20% - 80% - 2,227 20% 445 80% 1,781 Value-added 32,508 1,490 31,018 30,335 1,580 28,754 Labour 14,980 0% - 100% 14,980 11,200 0% - 100% 11,200 Interest rate 264 0% - 100% 264 264 0% - 100% 263.57 Depreciation 1,496 0% - 100% 1,496 1,496 0% - 100% 1,496 Land 10,250 0% - 100% 10,250 11,522 0% - 100% 11,522 Contracted services 5,519 27% 1,490 73% 4,029 5,853 27% 1,580 73% 4,272.44 TOTAL COST 48,407 11,863 36,544 50,610 13,885 36,725 Source: Own calculation based on the primary data (2017) Appendix 18: Private and social input cost of coconut sector (1000VND) Indicators Private Price Social Price Value TR Share TR Value DF Share DF Value Value TR Share TR Value DF Share DF Value Intermediate input 11,781 6,015 5,765 14,720 7,180 7,540 Seed (purchased) 4,605 10% 460.46 90% 4,144 4,770 10% 477 90% 4,293 Chemical pesticide 2,046 70% 1,432 30% 614 2,406 70% 1,684 30% 722 Chemical fertilizer 5,708 70% 3,995 30% 1,712 6,548 70% 4,584 30% 1,964 Organic fertilizer 2,370 0% - 100% 2,370 2,370 0% - 100% 2,370 Fuel 854 50% 426.92 50% 426.92 775 50% 388 50% 388 Electricity 803 20% 160.70 80% 642.79 839 20% 168 80% 672 Water - 20% - 80% - 1,781 20% 356 80% 1,425 Value-added 32,177 1,088 31,089 40,370 1,147 39,223 Labour 21,582 0% - 100% 21,582 22,057 0% - 100% 22,057 Interest rate 290 0% - 100% 290 290 0% - 100% 290 75 Depreciation 3,049 0% - 100% 3,049 3,049 0% - 100% 3,049 Land - 0% - 100% - 7,326 0% - 100% 7,326 Initial investment 7,257 15% 1,088.50 85% 6,168.15 7,649 15% 1,147 85% 6,501 TOTAL COST 43,958 7,104 36,854 55,090 8,327 46,763 Source: Own calculation based on the primary data (2017) Appendix 19: Private and social input cost of pomelo sector (1000VND) Indicators Private Price Social Price Value TR Share TR Value DF Share DF Value Value TR Share TR Value DF Share DF Value Intermediate input 42,318 14,188 28,130 47,168 16,694 30,474 Seed (purchased) 3,078 10% 308 90% 2,770 3,189.12 10% 318.91 90% 2,870 Chemical pesticide 8,142 70% 5,699 30% 2,443 9,573.55 70% 6,701.48 30% 2,872 Biopesticide 1,893 0% - 100% 1,893 1,893 0% - 100% 1,893 Chemical fertilizer 11,426 70% 7,998 30% 3,428 13,108.53 70% 9,175.97 30% 3,933 Organic fertilizer 19,546 0% - 100% 19,546 19,546 0% - 100% 19,546 Fuel 762 50% 381 50% 381 692.13 50% 346.07 50% 346 Electricity 549 20% 110 80% 439 573.30 20% 114.66 80% 459 Water - 20% - 80% - 1,781 20% 356.25 80% 1,425 Value-added 44,753 1,485 43,267 53,185 1,566 51,620 Labour 25,993 0% - 100% 25,993 26,565 0% - 100% 26,565 Interest rate 4,352 0% - 100% 4,352 4,352 0% - 100% 4,352 Depreciation 4,505 0% - 100% 4,505 4,505 0% - 100% 4,505 Land - 0% - 100% - 7,326 0% - 100% 7,326 Initial investment 9,903 15% 1,485 85% 8,417 10,437.27 15% 1,566 85% 8,872 TOTAL COST 87,071 15,674 71,397 100,353 18,260 82,093 Source: Own calculation based on the primary data (2017) Appendix 20: Private and social output of rice sector (1000VND) Unit Private Social 1 Exchange rate 21,935 29,832 2 FOB (US) USD/ton 370 370 3 = 1*2 FOB (VND) VND/ton 8,115,950 11,037,692 4 Port cost VND/ton 58,400 58,400 5 Transport: mill to port VND/ton 220,000 198,000 6 Packaging & loading VND/ton 135,000 135,000 7 Storage cost VND/ton 50,000 50,000 8 = 3 - Sum(4:7) Market price (ex-milling) VND/ton 7,652,550 10,596,292 9 Milling & polishing cost VND/ton 380,689 380,689 10 Value of bran VND/ton 818,000 818,000 11 = 8 - 9 + 10 Pre-mill price VND/ton 8,089,861 11,033,603 12 = 11*68% Paddy grain equivalent (68%) VND/ton 5,501,106 7,502,850 13 Transport: farm to mill VND/ton 103,000 92,700 14 Markup VND/ton 504,672 605,606 15 = (12) - Sum(13:14) Farm gate parity price (IR504) VND/ton 4,893,434 6,804,544 76 16 IR504 to OC10 coeficient % 115% 115% 17 = 15*16 Farm gate parity price (OC10) VND/ton 5,627,449 7,825,226 18 Productivity ton/ha 9.17 9.17 19 = 17*18 Revenue VND/ha 51,603,705 71,757,318 Source: Own calculation based on the primary data (2017) Appendix 21: Private and social output of coconut sector (1000VND) Private Social Fib. (ton) Peat (ton) Coal (ton) Des. (ton) Jell. (ton) Fib. (ton) Peat (ton) Coal (ton) Des. (ton) Jell. (ton) 1 Exchange rate 21,935 21,935 21,935 21,935 21,935 29,832 29,832 29,832 29,832 29,832 2 FOB (US) 330 1,000 475 2,594 208 330 1,000 475 2,594 208 3 = 1*2 FOB (VND) 7,238,550 21,935,001 10,419,125 56,899,392 4,562,480 9,844,428 29,831,601 14,170,011 77,383,173 6,204,973 4 Port cost 102,363 102,363 102,363 149,292 111,111 102,363 102,363 102,363 149,292 111,111 5 Transport: processor to port 300,000 300,000 300,000 559,846 416,667 270,000 270,000 270,000 503,861 375,000 6 Uploading 33,333 33,333 33,333 37,323 27,778 33,333 33,333 33,333 37,323 27,778 7 = 3 - SUM(4:6) Market price (ex- producing) 6,802,854 21,499,305 9,983,429 56,152,931 4,006,924 9,438,732 29,425,905 13,764,315 76,692,697 5,691,084 8 Producing cost 1,482,632 10,676,769 287,542 9,998,489 1,233,217 1,482,632 10,676,769 287,542 9,998,489 1,233,217 9 = 8 - 7 Pre-production price 5,320,222 10,822,536 9,695,887 46,154,442 2,773,707 7,956,100 18,749,137 13,476,773 66,694,208 4,457,867 10 Processing coefficient 6,360 13,200 14,400 6,614 1,205 6,360 13,200 14,400 6,614 1,205 11 = 10*9 Nut equivalent (ex-PP) 837 820 673 6,978 2,302 1,251 1,420 936 10,084 3,699 12 = SUM(D11:H11) Nut equivalent total (ex-PP) 11,610 17,391 13 Material transport to producer 354 319 14 Primary processing cost 342 342 15 = 12 - 13 - 14 Nut equivalent (pre-PP) 10,914 17,049 16 Transport to primary processor 108 97 17 Markup 2,823 3,388 18 = 15 - 16 - 17 Farm gate parity price 7,983 13,564 19 Productivity 9,585 9,585 20 = 18*19 Revenue 76,513,783 130,004,909 Source: Own calculation based on the primary data (2017) 77 Appendix 22: Private and social output of pomelo sector (1000VND) Unit Private Social 1 Exchange rate 21,935 29,832 2 FOB (US) USD/ton 2,250 2,250 3 = 1*2 FOB (VND) VND/ton 49,353,752 67,121,103 4 Port cost VND/ton 80,000 80,000 5 Transport: processor to port & loading VND/ton 1,000,000 900,000 6 Packaging VND/ton 2,000,000 2,000,000 7 Storage cost VND/ton 500,000 500,000 8 = 3 - Sum(4:7) Market price (ex-processing) VND/ton 45,773,752 63,641,103 9 Processing cost VND/ton 2,202,800 2,202,800 10 = 8 - 9 Pre-processor price VND/ton 43,570,952 61,438,303 11 = 10*100% Pomelo equivalent 100% VND/ton 43,570,952 61,438,303 12 Transport: farm to processor VND/ton 1,000,000 900,000 13 Markup VND/ton 3,947,000 4,736,400 14 = 11 - Sum(12:13) Farm gate parity price VND/ton 38,623,952 55,801,903 15 Productivity ton/ha 11.82 11.82 16 = 14*15 Revenue VND/ha 456,535,111 659,578,488 Source: Own calculation based on the primary data (2017) Appendix 23: Sensitivity analysis of competitiveness indicators by the output prices Indicators -20% -15% -10% -5% 5% 10% 15% 20% RICE PP (8,442,864) (5,532,915) (2,622,965) 286,984 6,106,884 9,016,833 11,926,783 14,836,733 PRC 1.30 1.18 1.08 0.99 0.86 0.80 0.75 0.71 SP 5,317,145 9,274,676 13,232,208 17,189,739 25,104,802 29,062,334 33,019,865 36,977,397 DRC 0.87 0.80 0.74 0.68 0.59 0.56 0.53 0.50 SCB 0.90 0.85 0.79 0.75 0.67 0.64 0.61 0.58 COCONUT PP 2,512,276 10,214,458 17,916,640 25,618,823 41,023,187 48,725,369 56,427,551 64,129,733 PRC 0.94 0.78 0.67 0.59 0.47 0.43 0.40 0.36 SP 34,315,540 44,790,507 55,265,475 65,740,443 86,690,378 97,165,346 107,640,313 118,115,281 DRC 0.58 0.51 0.46 0.42 0.35 0.32 0.30 0.28 SCB 0.62 0.55 0.50 0.46 0.39 0.36 0.34 0.32 POMELO PP 243,685,369 272,853,436 302,021,504 331,189,571 389,525,706 418,693,773 447,861,841 477,029,908 PRC 0.25 0.23 0.21 0.19 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.14 SP 400,550,895 440,219,467 479,888,039 519,556,610 598,893,753 638,562,325 678,230,897 717,899,468 DRC 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.10 SCB 0.20 0.19 0.17 0.16 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.12 Source: Own calculation based on the primary data (2017) 78 Appendix 24: Sensitivity analysis of competitiveness indicators by the fertilizer prices Indicators -20% -15% -10% -5% 5% 10% 15% 20% RICE PP 4,603,934 4,252,184 3,900,434 3,548,684 2,845,184 2,493,434 2,141,684 1,789,934 PRC 0.89 0.89 0.90 0.91 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.95 SP 22,761,494 22,357,938 21,954,382 21,550,826 20,743,715 20,340,159 19,936,603 19,533,048 DRC 0.61 0.62 0.62 0.63 0.64 0.65 0.65 0.66 SCB 0.68 0.69 0.69 0.70 0.71 0.72 0.72 0.73 COCONUT PP 34,462,524 34,177,145 33,891,765 33,606,385 33,035,625 32,750,245 32,464,865 32,179,485 PRC 0.51 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.54 SP 77,525,053 77,197,643 76,870,232 76,542,821 75,888,000 75,560,589 75,233,178 74,905,768 DRC 0.37 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.39 SCB 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.43 0.43 POMELO PP 362,642,788 362,071,500 361,500,213 360,928,926 359,786,351 359,215,064 358,643,777 358,072,489 PRC 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 SP 561,846,888 561,191,461 560,536,035 559,880,608 558,569,755 557,914,329 557,258,902 556,603,476 DRC 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 SCB 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16 Source: Own calculation based on the primary data (2017) Appendix 25: Sensitivity analysis of competitiveness indicators by the land rent prices Indicators -20% -15% -10% -5% 5% 10% 15% 20% RICE PP 5,246,934 4,734,434 4,221,934 3,709,434 2,684,434 2,171,934 1,659,434 1,146,934 PRC 0.87 0.88 0.89 0.91 0.93 0.95 0.96 0.97 SP 23,197,271 22,684,771 22,172,271 21,659,771 20,634,771 20,122,271 19,609,771 19,097,271 DRC 0.60 0.61 0.62 0.63 0.64 0.65 0.66 0.67 SCB 0.68 0.68 0.69 0.70 0.71 0.72 0.73 0.73 COCONUT PP 27,460,509 27,094,229 26,727,948 26,361,667 25,629,105 25,262,824 24,896,543 24,530,262 PRC 0.61 0.61 0.62 0.62 0.63 0.64 0.65 0.65 SP 77,680,534 77,314,253 76,947,972 76,581,691 75,849,129 75,482,849 75,116,568 74,750,287 DRC 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.38 0.38 0.39 0.39 0.39 SCB 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.42 0.42 0.43 0.43 0.43 POMELO PP 361,822,762 361,456,481 361,090,200 360,723,919 359,991,358 359,625,077 359,258,796 358,892,515 PRC 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.19 SP 560,690,306 560,324,025 559,957,744 559,591,463 558,858,901 558,492,620 558,126,339 557,760,058 DRC 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 SCB 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 Source: Own calculation based on the primary data (2017) 79 Appendix 26: Sensitivity analysis of competitiveness indicators by the crop yields Indicators -20% -15% -10% -5% 5% 10% 15% 20% RICE PP (7,123,807) (4,543,622) (1,963,436) 616,749 5,777,119 8,357,305 10,937,490 13,517,675 PRC 1.24 1.14 1.06 0.98 0.86 0.81 0.77 0.73 SP 6,795,807 10,383,673 13,971,539 17,559,405 24,735,137 28,323,002 31,910,868 35,498,734 DRC 0.84 0.78 0.72 0.68 0.60 0.56 0.54 0.51 SCB 0.88 0.83 0.78 0.74 0.67 0.64 0.61 0.59 COCONUT PP 17,253,110 21,078,799 24,904,489 28,730,178 36,381,556 40,207,245 44,032,934 47,858,623 PRC 0.68 0.64 0.60 0.56 0.50 0.48 0.46 0.44 SP 48,914,380 55,414,625 61,914,870 68,415,116 81,415,607 87,915,852 94,416,098 100,916,343 DRC 0.49 0.46 0.43 0.41 0.36 0.35 0.33 0.32 SCB 0.53 0.50 0.47 0.45 0.40 0.39 0.37 0.35 POMELO PP 269,050,616 291,877,372 314,704,127 337,530,883 383,184,394 406,011,150 428,837,905 451,664,661 PRC 0.23 0.22 0.20 0.19 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.15 SP 427,309,484 460,288,409 493,267,333 526,246,257 592,204,106 625,183,031 658,161,955 691,140,879 DRC 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 SCB 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 Source: Own calculation based on the primary data (2017) Appendix 27: Sensitivity analysis of competitiveness indicators by the REER Indicators -20% -15% -10% -5% 5% 10% 15% 20% RICE PP 3,196,934 3,196,934 3,196,934 3,196,934 3,196,934 3,196,934 3,196,934 3,196,934 PRC 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.92 SP 8,186,607 11,426,773 14,666,939 17,907,105 24,387,437 27,627,602 30,867,768 34,107,934 DRC 0.81 0.76 0.71 0.67 0.60 0.57 0.55 0.53 SCB 0.85 0.81 0.77 0.74 0.68 0.65 0.63 0.61 COCONUT PP 33,321,005 33,321,005 33,321,005 33,321,005 33,321,005 33,321,005 33,321,005 33,321,005 PRC 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 SP 36,001,797 46,055,201 56,108,604 66,162,007 86,268,814 96,322,217 106,375,620 116,429,024 DRC 0.56 0.50 0.45 0.41 0.35 0.33 0.31 0.29 SCB 0.60 0.54 0.49 0.45 0.39 0.37 0.35 0.33 POMELO PP 360,357,639 360,357,639 360,357,639 360,357,639 360,357,639 360,357,639 360,357,639 360,357,639 PRC 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 SP 404,406,342 443,111,052 481,815,762 520,520,472 597,929,892 636,634,602 675,339,311 714,044,021 DRC 0.17 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.10 SCB 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 Source: Own calculation based on the primary data (2017) 80 Appendices of questionnaires for Chapter 6 This introduction is used for all questionnaires: Thank you for your participation in this survey. We are the research group from the University of Economics HCM City, we are currently conducting the research project on production, business and linkage in rice sector. All your information will be kept confidential and it is for research purpose only. Appendix 28: Survey questionnaire for coconut farmer PART I: GENERAL INFORMATION OF HOUSEHOLD AND FARM 1. Name of respondent: ..................................... ; Phone number: ..................................... 2. Name of household head (decision maker): ................................................................... 3. Years of education: ........................................ ; Age: ........................... ; Sex: ................. 4. Address: ........................... ; Hamlet: .............. ; Commune: ................. ; District: ........... 5. Number of household members: ..... ; Number of males: ...... ; Number of females: ...... 6. Number of home workers: ............... ; Number of males: ...... ; Number of females: ...... 7. Number of experience years in farming: ..................... ; in growing coconut:................ 8. Agricultural area: .............. ha; Coconut area: ........... ha; Total number of trees: ........... 9. The quality of the water for coconut farm? (can select more than one option)  Fresh water sediment  Brackish water  Alum water  Salty water (heavy)  Polluted water  Other: ........................... 10. The quality of the land for coconut farm? (can select more than one option)  Fluvisols  Acrisols  Acid sulphate soil  Salic soil  Polluted soil  Other: ........................... 11. Coconut farm location (can select more than one option)  Near rivers, canals  Truck road  Motor road (no truck)  Rock road  Other: .......................... 12. Financial capital:  Own capital;  Borrowed capital ( ..................................... million VND; interest rate . % in ... months) 13. General current situation of coconut growing: Farm Number of trees Area (ha) Farm age Yield (nuts/year) Types of intercropping Seed source * Tree distance Farm 1 Farm 2 Farm 3 (*): (1) Home seeds; (2) Purchased seeds; (3) Sponsored seeds PART II: PRIMARY INVESTMENT AND COSTS 14. Direct material costs: .......ha;.......trees; farm number (question 13):......; (Unit: 1,000VND) Cost Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 1. Seedlings 2. Fertilizers  Urea 81 Cost Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5  Superphosphates  Potassium  Organic fertilizers  Other: 3. Protection products and tools  Chemical protection products  Biological protection products  Protection tools  Other: 4. Energy  Petrol, diesel  Electricity  Water 5. Other: 15. Labor cost, machinery rental:...ha;.trees; farm number (Q13):...; (1,000VND) Cost Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 1. Renovation and initial planting cost + Ditching machine rental + Sand pump, dumping machine rental + Cleaning up, weeding, planting 2. After-planting caring cost + Fertilizing, spraying + Watering, weeding, and piling + Protecting, caring 3. Other work: 4. Percentage of homework (%) 16. Investment in machinery, equipment and tools for production of coconut: Item Unit Quan. Year Cost Duration (year) Annual repair Percentage for coconut (%)  Water pump pcs  Sprayer pcs  Boat, motorcycle pcs  Tools: pcs  Other: PART III: FARMING BUSINESS COSTS IN 2016 17. Raw material cost:..........ha;........trees; farm number (Q13):.......; (1,000VND) Cost Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 1. Seedlings 2. Fertilizers  Urea  Superphosphates  Potassium  Organic fertilizers  Other: 3. Protection products and tools 82 Cost Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5  Chemical protection products  Biological protection products  Protection tools  Other: 4. Energy  Petrol, diesel  Electricity  Water  Other: 5. Other: 18. Labor cost, machinery rental:....ha;....trees; farm number (Q13):...; (1,000VND) Activities Unit Quan. Price Amount 1. Farming labor cost:  Machinery and equipment rental  Watering, weeding, hilling, pruning  Fertilizing, spraying  Protecting, caring  Other: 2. Harvesting costs:  Picking  Packaging, shipping  Other: 3. Other work: 4. Percentage of homework (%) 19. Revenue: .........ha;....................trees; farm number (Q13):............; (1,000VND) Products Quan. Price Revenue Note 1. Coconut 2. Intercropping crops 20. Do you receive any income other than cultivation? (unit: 1,000VND/month) No. Source Income Time Notes 1  From livestock, fisheries, other plants 2  From working and selling 3  From relatives 21. Which source do you usually adopt technical information on planting and coconut caring? (more than one option)  Self-learning, inquiring from the cultivation  Other farmers, acquaintances  Media (newspaper, radio, internet)  Training courses from Agriculture and Fishery Extension Center  Other (specify): ............................................................... 22. How do you personally evaluate the difficulties you encountered when growing coconut? Please select 1-5. In particular, (1) is completely not difficult, (5) is completely difficult, (K) is not comment: 83 No. Difficulties 1 2 3 4 5 K 1 Lack of capital 2 Lack of labor 3 Lack of technique, knowledge of coconut 4 No income in new planting period 5 Social risks such as theft, sabotage 6 Disaster risks 7 Input risks such as shortages, bad/fake seed or fertilizers 8 Output risks such as selling price, buyers 9 Other (specify): 23. How do you personally evaluate the importance of reasons for growing coconut? Please select 1-5. In particular, (1) is completely not important, (5) is completely important, (K) is not comment: No. Reason 1 2 3 4 5 K 1 High and stable income 2 Good and stable market 3 Do not require much capital investment, technique and labor 4 Supported and encouraged by the state and other organizations 5 Traditional crops, have much experience 6 Other PART IV: PRODUCT COMMERCIAL, LINKAGE AND POLICIES 24. Have you ever participate in contract farming when selling coconut?  No, free sale (question 29)  Oral agreement (question 29)  Written agreement  Other (specify):....................................... 25. What is the purpose you participate in coconut purchase contract?  Higher price level  More stable price level  Supporting inputs  Supported technical assistance  Stable outputs  Other: ........................................................ 26. What is usually the term specified in your contract? No. The term Fixed Periodic 1  Yield 2  Price 3  Payment 4  Delivery location 5  Delivery time 6  Violations 7  Other: 27. Have you ever broken a contract?  Yes;  No; Why? ..................................... 28. Have you ever been broken a contract?  Yes;  No; Why? .............................. 29. What are the price information sources you refer when selling coconut?  Media  Neighbors, acquaintances, family members  Companies  Direct buyer  Other (specify):........................................................ 30. Where do you sell coconut? (can select more than one option) 84 No. Buyers Number of buyers Percentage (%) Selling price 1 Intermediate traders 2 Large collectors, preliminary processors 3 Cooperatives, clusters 4 Trade companies, wholesalers, food and export companies 5 Supermarkets, retailers 6 Direct consumers 7 Other: 31. Where is the delivery place?  At farm  At previous specified place  Deliver to the third party  Other:........................................................ 32. What is the method of payment?  Signing marketing contract with advance payment  The buyers deposit and pay cash after receiving goods (no contract)  The buyers pay cash after receiving goods (no advance payment)  Deferred payment  Other:........................................................ 33. How do you personally evaluate the importance of after-selling factors? Please select 1-5. In particular, (1) is completely not important, (5) is completely important, (K) is not comment: No. Factors 1 2 3 4 5 K 1 Stable price 2 Payment on time 3 Stable quantity 4 Clear classification 5 Supported inputs 6 Provided technical and market advice (information, knowledge) 7 Brand, scale, and position of the buyers 8 Other (specify): 34. How do you personally evaluate the importance of other factors influence your selling decision? Please select 1-5. In particular, (1) is completely not important, (5) is completely important, (K) is not comment: No. Factors 1 2 3 4 5 K 1 Familiar purchase-sale relationship 2 Independence and free decisions 3 Supported and encouraged by the government 4 Transparent and clear market information 5 Other (specify): 35. Other costs (taxes, charges if any): ............ million VND/year; for coconut:............% 36. Have you received any support policies from the State? (more than one option)  Loans  Seeds  Certification fees  Pesticide  Technical training  Direct financial  Fertilizer  Free of taxes, charges and fees  Other:............................ 85 37. Are you a member of any unions? (can select more than one option)  Cooperatives  Coconut associations  Agriculture Clubs  Clusters  Farmers associations  Other:....................... 38. Does your coconut farm achieve any certification standards?  VietGAP  GlobalGAP  Other:...................................... Appendix 29: Survey questionnaire for coconut trader/collector PART I: GENERAL INFORMATION OF COLLECTORS 1. Name of respondent: ..................................... ; Phone number:.................................... 2. Name of household head (decision maker): .. ................................... .......................... 3. Years of education: ....................; Age:........................................; Sex: ...................... 4. Address: ...............; Hamlet: ................; Commune: ................;; District: ................. 5. Number of main workers: .......................; Males: ...................; Females: ................... 6. Number of outsource workers: ................; Males: ....................; Males: ...................... 7. Experience in trading fruits: Males......................; in trading coconut: ......................... 8. Do you sell any agricultural products other than coconut in 2016? No. Products Yield (tons) Turnover (1,000VND) Turnover rate (%) Profit (1,000VND) 1 Coconut 2 Other agricultural product 1 3 Other agricultural product 2 Total: 9. Financial capital:  Own capital;  Borrowed capital (.............million VND, interest rate........% in .............months) PART II: COCONUT PURCHASE AND SALE ACTIVITIES IN 2016 10. Where do you buy coconut? No. Seller Partner number Percentage (%) Quantities (tons/year) Payment* Purchase form** 1 Familiar partners 2 Farmers inside the province 3 Farmers outside the province 4 Other collectors 5 Other: Total 100% * (1) Deposit; (2) Pay cash after receiving goods; (3) Deferred payment; (4) Price deal ** (1) Future contract; (2) Sign contract when buying; (3) Oral contract; (4) Free purchase; (5) Other: explain 11. How do you personally evaluate the importance of factors influence your buying decision (question 10)? Please select 1-5. In particular, (1) is completely not important, (5) is completely important, (K) is not comment: No. Factors 1 2 3 4 5 K 1 Familiar purchase-sale relationship 2 Stable price 3 Stable supply 4 Stable quality products 86 5 Other (specify) 12. Do you classify coconut when buying and selling? (unit: 1,000VND/kg) Type Preliminary description Weight Form Purchase price Selling price 1 13. Collecting time and purchase price in 2016? (unit: 1,000VND/kg) Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Collecting time Purchase price 14. Who decides the PURCHASE price at farm?  Seller (farmer)  Buyer (collectors)  Other large collectors, firms  Other: 15. If the coconut seller wants to sign the contract before selling, do you agree?  Yes  No; Why?................................................................................................. 16. Where do you sell coconut? Buyers Partner number Percent (%) Quantities (tons/year) Payment* Sales form**  Other collectors  Large collectors, preliminary processors  Firms, supermarkets  Retailers, stores  Other: * (1) Deposit; (2) Pay cash after receiving goods; (3) Deferred payment; (4) Price deal ** (1) Future contract; (2) Sign contract when selling; (3) Oral contract; (4) Free selling; (5) Other: explain 17. How do you personally evaluate the importance of factors influence your selling decision (question 16)? Please select 1-5. In particular, (1) is completely not important, (5) is completely important, (K) is not comment: No. Factors 1 2 3 4 5 K 1 Familiar purchase-sale relationship 2 Stable price 3 Stable collecting quantity 4 Clear classification 5 Payment on time 6 Other (specify): 18. Who decides the SELLING price?  Seller (collectors)  Buyers (large collectors)  Deal at market price  Other: PART III: COCONUT BUSINESS COSTS 19. Collecting costs for 1 ton of coconut (convert to 1 ton): 1,000VND Costs Unit Quantities Unit price Amount Notes 1. Labor costs  Picking, collecting Days  Carrying, loading Days  Checking, classifying Days  Transportation, driving Days 87 Costs Unit Quantities Unit price Amount Notes  Other: Days 2. Energy (total)  Electricity  Petrol, diesel  Water 3. Disposable tools 4. Outsourcing transportation 5. Telecommunication 6. Interest 7. Taxes, fees Other costs: (*) Can be calculated by deviding total year costs by total year trading quantities. 20. Investment in machinery and equipment for coconut business? 1,000VND Item Unit Quantities Year Cost Duration (year)  Facilities: storage, yard m2  Motorcycle  Boat  Petrol/diesel engine  Electric motor  Reusable tools  Other: PART IV: OTHER ISSUES 21. What is the purpose you link with other collectors when buying coconut?  Deal on buying zone  Deal on purchase price  Support in collecting, transporting  Other suppor: ......................................... 22. Are you a member of any unions? (more than one option)  Cooperatives  Farmers associations  Association  Clusters  Other:........................................ 23. Have you received any support policies from the State? (more than one option)  Loans  Certification fees  Training  Direct financial  Free of taxes, charges and fees  Other:........................... 24. How do you personally evaluate the difficulties you encountered when trading coconut? Please select 1-5. In particular, (1) is completely not difficult, (5) is completely difficult, (K) is not comment: No. Difficulties 1 2 3 4 5 K 1 Lack of capital 2 Lack of labor 3 Lack of technique, knowledge of coconut 4 Hard to find coconut supply Other (specify): 25. How do you personally evaluate the importance of reasons for trading coconut? Please select 1-5. In particular, (1) is completely not important, (5) is completely important, (K) is not comment: No. Reason 1 2 3 4 5 K 88 1 High and stable income 2 Good and stable market 3 Do not require much capital investment and labor 4 Supported and encouraged by the state and other organizations 5 Other Appendix 30: Survey questionnaire for coconut primary processor PART I: GENERAL INFORMATION OF COMPANY 1. Name of company:...................................; Name of owner: ......................................... 2. Year of establishment: ......................; Experience in coconut sector: .......................... 3. Education of owner: ...................................... ; Age: ........................... ; Sex: ................ 4. Address:................; Hamlet: .....................; Commune: ................; District: ................ 5. Working capital:  Owners' equity ;  Liabilities (............million VND, interest rate........% in .............months) 6. In 2016, apart from coconut, does the company trade other agricultural products No Product Yield (ton) Revenue (1000vnd) Revenue ratio (%) Profit (1000vnd) 1 Coconut 2 Other agricultural products: 3 Other: PART II: INFORMATION ABOUT PURCHASING RAW MATERIAL 7. Where do you purchase coconut? (Unit: 1000vnd) No Material source Number of sellers Ratio (%) Price (1000vnd) Volume (ton/year) 1 Farmers 2 Contracted farmers 3 Traders 4 Other preliminary processors 5 Other: 8. Do you classify coconut? Type Preliminary description (color, size, feeling) Volume (ton) Price (million/ton) Amount (million/ton) 1 2 3 9. Cost of transporting material to processing plant (account for 1200 coconuts) Cost Quantity Unit price (1000vnd) Amount (1000vnd) Note 1. Purchasing and transporting by the company Collect labors (man-day) Port labors (man-day) Transport labors (man-day) Fuel: - Diesel (lit) 89 Cost Quantity Unit price (1000vnd) Amount (1000vnd) Note - Petrol (lit) Tax, charges, fees (if any) Other costs: 2. Outsourcing transportation PART III: INITIAL INVESTMENT AND BUSINESS COSTS 10. Investment and value of fixed asset and others (unit: 1000vnd): No Category Unit Quantity Year of investment Original price Duration (year) Cost of repairing 1 Total factory area m2 2 Total processing area m2 3 Warehouse m2 4 Drying yard m2 5 Canvas 6 Vehicle (:ton) pcs 7 Boat (tonnage:..ton) pcs 8 Gasoline machine pcs 9 Electric machine pcs 10 Coconut water container pcs 11 Kernel container pcs 12 Knives, tools 13 Packaging 14 Other 11. Processing cost (account for 1200 coconuts; other: specify.......) Type of cost Unit Quantity Price (1000vnd) Amount Note 1. Labor + Office, management Day + Classifying, porting and transporting Day + Line operation, processing Day + Packaging, labelling Day + Selling, delivering Day + Transporting, driving Day + Other: 2. Fuel + Electricity Kwh + Petrol, dielse lit + Clean water m3 + Other: 3. Other materials + Chemistry + Packaging, carton, net, label, ....... + Other: 4. Taxs and fees 5. Communication (telephone...) 90 Type of cost Unit Quantity Price (1000vnd) Amount Note 6. Interest 7. Other costs 12. The processing coefficient of products from 1200 coconuts * (other: specify.) No Product Unit Good type Medium type Bad type 1 Coconut husk kg 2 Coconut shell kg 3 Coconut kernel kg 4 Coconut water bucket 5 Coconut velamen kg 6 Other: * Specify account for 1200 coconuts or 1000 coconuts 13. Costs for preservation and storage: Type Unit price (1000vnd/ton/day) Time (month) Cost (1000vnd/ton) Loss (%) Material 1 Product 1 14. Selling price and volume of products (Unit: millionvnd / ton) No Product Price Volume Market Local Export Local Export Local Export 1 Dehusking coconut   2 Coconut husk   3 Coconut shell   4 Coconut kernel   5 Coconut water   6 Coconut velamen   Other:   15. Cost of transportation and loading products to buyers (Unit: 1000vnd/ton) No Product Volume (ton) Price (1000vnd/ton) Amount (1000vnd/ton) Export Price Amount 1 Dehusking coconut 2 Coconut husk 3 Coconut shell 4 Coconut kernel 5 Coconut water 6 Coconut velamen Other: 16. Does your company receive any supportive policies from government? No Policy Specify (numbers, other comments) 1 Export subsidies 2 Business income tax exemption 3 Land tax exemption or reduction 4 Environmental tax exemption 5 Lending 6 Direct financial support 91 7 Certification fee support 8 Science and technology support 9 Market promotion support 10 Training, instruction 11 Other: Appendix 31: Survey questionnaire for coconut producer/processor PART I: GENERAL INFORMATION OF COMPANY 1. Name of company: ................ ................; Name of owner: ................ ........................ 2. Year of establishment:......................; Experience in coconut sector:............................ 3. Education of owner: ......................; Age: ..................................; Sex: ...................... 4. Address: ................; Hamlet: ................; Commune: ................; District: ................... 5. Working capital:  Owners' equity ;  Liabilities (.............million VND, interest rate........% in .............months) PART II: INFORMATION ABOUT PURCHASING RAW MATERIAL 6. Main products of the company: No Product type Raw material* Ratio (% by revenue) 1 Desiccated coconut 2 Coconut shell coal 3 Coconut jelly 4 Coconut fiber 5 Coconut peat 6 Other: .. Total: 100% * (1) Whole coconut; (2) De-husking; (3) kernel; (4) shell; (5) husk; (6) water; (7) peat; Other (specific) 7. Classification, purchase price and volume of the materials: Material Type* Purchase price (million/ton) Volume (ton) Amount (million) Feature description Whole coconut De-husking coconut Coconut kernel Coconut shell Coconut husk Coconut water Coconut peat Other * Type of material (1) Good; (2) Medium; (3) Bad; (4) Other (specify) 8. Material areas and methods for purchasing (Unit:1000vnd) 92 No Material source Number of sellers Ratio (%) Price (1000vnd) Volume 1 From free farmers 2 From associated farmers 3 Intermediate traders 4 Large collectors, preliminary processors 5 Importers 6 Other: 9. Cost of transporting material to processing plant for 1 ton of raw material* Cost Quantity Unit price (1000vnd) Amount (1000vnd) Note 1. Purchasing and transporting Collect labors (man-day) Port labors (man-day) Transport labors (man-day) Fuel: - Diesel (lit) - Petrol (lit) Tax, charges, fees (if any) Other costs: 2. Outsourcing transportation * The total cost can be calculated and then divided by the material volume of the company PART III: INITIAL INVESTMENT, PROCESSING AND BUSINESS COSTS 10. Scale and value of fixed asset investment (unit: 1000vnd): No Category Unit Quantity Buying year Original price Duration (year) Repairing cost 1 Total factory area m2 2 Processing area m2 3 Processing workshop 1 m2 4 Processing workshop 2 m2 5 Processing line 1 6 Processing line 2 7 Processing line 3 8 Coal fired boiler 1:............ 9 Coal fired boiler 2:............ 10 Coal fired boiler 3:............ 11 Grinding, screening machine 12 Port system 13 Parking system 14 Waste treatment system 15 Warehouse m2 16 Drying yard m2 17 Canvas pcs 18 Vehicle (tonnage:ton) pcs 19 Boat (tonnage:..ton) pcs 20 Gasoline machine pcs 93 No Category Unit Quantity Buying year Original price Duration (year) Repairing cost 21 Electric machine pcs 22 Other: 11. Processing cost * (for 1 ton of main product:............................): unit: 1.000vnd Type of cost Unit Quantity Price Amount Note 1. Labor + Office, management day + Classifying, porting and transporting day + Line operation, processing day + Packaging, labelling day + Selling, delivering day + Transporting, driving day + Other: day 2. Fuel + Electricity Kwh + Petrol, diesel lit + Clean water m3 + Other: 3. Other materials + Chemistry + Packaging, carton, net, label, ....... 4. Taxs and fees 5. Communication (telephone...) 6. Interest 7. Other costs * Can then be calculated for 1 year and then divided by the total volume of 1 year to convert into 1 ton 12. The processing coefficient of products from 1 ton of material (other: specify.) Product Material Product (ton) By-product (ton) Loss (%) Desiccated coconut 1 2 Coconut shell coal 1 2 Coconut jelly 1 2 Coconut fiber 1 2 Coconut peat 1 2 Other 13. Classification, yield and selling price of the products Product Description Standard* Yield (ton) Price (1000vnd/ton) Desiccated coconut 1 2 94 Coconut coal 1 2 Coconut jelly 1 2 Coconut fiber 1 2 Coconut peat 1 2 Other * Description of classification: (1) International, (2) Vietnam, Other: specify 14. Export markets of products Product Yield (ton) (FOB) (1000đ/ton) Market Quality standard* Type of contract** Desiccated coconut Coconut coal Coconut jelly Coconut fiber Coconut peat Other * Description of classification: (1) International, (2) Vietnam, Other: specify ** (1) Sell at market price; (2) Fixed-price contract; (3) Other, specify 15. Costs for preservation and storage: Type Unit price (1000vnd/ton/day) Time (month) Cost (1000vnd/ton) Loss (%) Material Product 16. Cost of exporting products at port account for 1 ton: (unit: 1000vnd) Product Cost Quantity Unit price Amount Desiccated coconut 1 Loading at company 2 Transporting to port 3 Port fee 4 Loading to ship at port 5 Export tax 6 Other: Outsourcing (total): Coconut coal 1 Loading at company 2 Transporting to port 3 Port fee 4 Loading to ship at port 5 Export tax 6 Other: Outsourcing (total): Coconut jelly 1 Loading at company 2 Transporting to port 3 Port fee 4 Loading to ship at port 95 Product Cost Quantity Unit price Amount 5 Export tax 6 Other: Outsourcing (total): Coconut fiber 1 Loading at company 2 Transporting to port 3 Port fee 4 Loading to ship at port 5 Export tax 6 Other: Outsourcing (total): Coconut peat 1 Loading at company 2 Transporting to port 3 Port fee 4 Loading to ship at port 5 Export tax 6 Other: Outsourcing (total): Other: * Can be summarized and then divided by 1 ton, calculated in total if company use outsourcing service 17. Does your company receive any supportive policies from government? No Policy Specify (numbers, other comments) 1 Export subsidies 2 Business income tax exemption 3 Land tax exemption or reduction 4 Environmental tax exemption 5 Lending 6 Direct financial support 7 Certification fee support 8 Science and technology support 9 Market promotion support 10 Training, instruction 11 Other: Note: The questionnaires for rice and pomelo are relatively similar. Due to the limit of papes, the authors will not present in the appendices but be willing to show.