Working quality of higher education intelligentsia in vietnam currently

directly involved in the innovation, preservation and dissemination of knowledge, contributing to the development of cognitive science and social progress. Intelligentsia is recognized in the following outstanding characteristics: Intelligentsia is not a class but a special and typical social class. Intelligentsia should be considered an individual - entity with creative personality, education, knowledge being form through continuously training, fostering and developing by way of self-training, self-picking up and completing in creative labors and activities as well as genuine intelligentsia, knowledge must be associated with dedication; political ideals and social responsibility should be expressed through ideal career, particular professional activity, deeply attached to his motherland and people. 2.1.2. Concept of higher education intelligentsia of Vietnam Vietnam higher education intelligentsia is a typical or specific social force or a social- career group of intelligentsia; entity of pedagogical activities in the field of higher education with the duty of teaching; researching science, applying & transferring technology; organizing and managing pedagogical activities to raise people's knowledge, train the high levels of human resource and develop talented people for the country. In the process of building socialism in our country today, the roles and responsibilities of Vietnam higher education intelligentsia are more and more formed clearly as follows: Firstly, Vietnam higher education intelligentsia must directly associate the training with scientific research, activities of schools with production and community services. Secondly, Vietnam higher education intelligentsia is a striking force, key force directly to build the advanced higher education of Vietnam, significantly contribute to develop the country's education. Thirdly, with the role of intellectual resources, Vietnam higher education 9 intelligentsia participates directly in training human resource, building team of experts, scientists to meet requirements of labour quality of socio-economy. Fourthly, Vietnam higher education intelligentsia contributes to improve the national capacity of scientific and technology. Finally, Vietnam higher education intelligentsia is a force that brings creative talent, enthusiasm and responsibility in building the scientific arguments as the basic for planning the ways, policies of the Party and State. 2.1.3. Concept of labour of higher education intelligentsia Labour of higher education intelligentsia is the purpose of the impact of teachers on learners in order to train, foster and development high quality human resource. This should be recognized on the main following aspects: Firstly, which means that a job; labour of higher education intelligentsia is activity of professional career, education and training in higher education that the outstanding features are scientific & pedagogical activities, teaching and vocational training and training people. Secondly, labour of higher education intelligentsia is higher creative labour with the particularly important role to create physical and mental values. Every success in teaching or each new contribution in research and in leadership and management activities of higher education intelligentsia contribute to build the intellectual potential for nation and promote the socio-economic growth of nation. Thirdly, approach of labour of higher education intelligentsia on functional aspects, we can consider that teaching of literacy, teaching personality and vocational training are three consistent activities in the process of training high-quality human resources for development of nation socio-economy. Finally, it needs to consider that the labour of higher education intelligentsia is individual labour but the occupation characteristics have been brought and required strictly the collective, universal, and interactive and consensus. 2.2. SPECIAL FEATURES OF VIETNAM HIGHER EDUCATION INTELLIGENTSIA IN THE PRESENT CONTEXT 2.2.1. Labour of higher education intelligentsia is the intellectual and creative labour Labour of higher education intelligentsia is primarily intellectual labour. The special features in labour are presented in regularly to mobilize intellectual resources, promote the creative thinking with high concentration of gray matter crystallized in product. That is inventions, innovations and initiatives, even personality of learners, qualifications and skills of human resource. If the creativity in teaching of higher education intelligentsia is capacities of systematization, inheritance, selection of information associated with operations of analysis, synthesis, lecture which help learners understand and acquire knowledge, the creativity in scientific research will be the finding of new ones, providing new interpretations or a new proposal to contribute to the issue 10 that Lenin called the truth of perception. As human resource scientific, the activities of leadership, education management of higher education intelligentsia are also intellectual labour and creativity. It requires the leaders; managers must skillfully use the talent, intellectual and emotional by scientific methods, creative thinking which convincing in managing labour activities of collective and teachers. 2.2.2. Labour of higher education intelligentsia is high level of pedagogical labour The key factor to differentiate the characteristic expresses in occupation function, objective, labour method, focusing on intellectual development requirements, thinking capacity forming, labour skill for high quality human resource which meet the requirements and demand of nation in the context of strengthening industrialization and modernization, international integration and intellectual economy development. That requires each intelligentsia the high level of pedagogical skills- skill of cognitive activity orientation, skill of vocational training and skill of sensitizing people by ethics, personality and heart. Requirement appreciated highly in pedagogical labor of higher education intelligentsia is capacity of to lead students in creative environment in order that they can learn by themselves to find the knowledge on the basic of teacher’s instruction. For higher education intelligentsia, all knowledge and understanding need to be transformed into methods to generate the knowledge and renew the own knowledge. Besides, it can orient, organize the cognitive performance of learners, create transformation step from education to self- education, training to self-training. 2.2.3. Teaching and scientific research are two parallel tasks of most higher education intelligentsia Although every higher education intelligentsia participates in teaching and scientific research, most intelligentsia is a lecturer even the force of leadership, educational management in universities participating in teaching and scientific research in certain level. Therefore, it may be considered that the teaching and the scientific research are two parallel tasks of must higher education intelligentsia. Dialectical association between teaching and scientific research actually is the requirements of having knowledge and known how to impart the knowledge. After all, fostering learners the ability to self-thinking, self-study and self-research is fostering methods of scientific research, which requires each higher education intelligentsia not only has two pairs of most important qualities, capacities of teacher: pedagogical occupation trend and pedagogical capacity but also associate with pedagogical occupation trend and capacity of scientific research. Besides, they must know how to organize the cognitive processes of students by teaching and how to self-research, deploy scientific ideas and develop capacities, good qualities of an expert. 11 2.2.4. Labour product of higher education intelligentsia contributes to develop the high quality human resource of nation Both theoretical and practical aspects require university as typical place for intellectual life and spiritual culture of society. It is the nursery of future scientific talent and the cradle nurturing scientific minds of many generations. By talent, dedication and his own way, each intelligentsia needs to participate in process of producing knowledge, creating the high quality human resource of nation from the general level to each development stage step by step to meet the rigorous demands of the market economy with socialist orientation. The growth of higher education intelligentsia of our country and their labour product will be the biggest additional resources to develop the intelligentsia and high quality human resource of country. 2.3. CONCEPT OF LABOR QUALITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION INTELLIGENTSIA 2.3.1. Concept of labor quality In many respects, levels or ambiguous nature of the category “labor quality” in methodology, it requires research from comprehensive perspective, synthesis and system method. In our opinion, labour quality is concept which to indicate the level of satisfaction, ability to meet the criteria and requirements set forth by a particular work. Labour quality itself contains a range of factors as the satisfaction, response and coincidence between actual labour result and demand, desire of the subject or the available goal and identified target. Labor quality of any subject also reflects the real labor quality of individual. On the larger scale, it also creates the mirror to reflect the labour value of society in each certainly period of history. 2.3.2. Concept of labour quality of higher education intelligentsia It is said that the labor quality of higher education intelligentsia is a multidimensional concept, covering the responsibilities and duties of teachers at university, expressing the synthesis result of occupation activities of teachers. We believe that, the labour quality of higher education intelligentsia needs to be reviewed as a result of completing the responsibility of teachers, management officers at higher education center with effect in changing the level, thinking capacity and developing the personality of the learner positively and progressively; is the characteristic to consistently satisfy and meet customer requirements, or entities benefit from professional activities of teacher intelligentsia at university. Teaching quality of teacher intelligentsia at our university not only expresses in volume of information imparted but also receives the high evaluation in level and effectiveness of forming cognitive capacity, thinking, practice as well as the capacity to create jobs or adapt and integrate in international of students after graduated. The quality of scientific research, technology transfer of higher education intelligentsia s expressed at the level of creation, effect of deployment, application 12 of research result, inventions, innovations in real training, fostering of school and duty of developing socio-economy of country. The quality of management operation of higher education intelligentsia is reflected in effect of building, implementing and monitoring the performance of teaching & studying plan, scientific research and technology transfer of intelligentsia who is leader or undertakes some activities such as academic advisor, class teacher or the work of unions, associations. 2.3.3. Criteria for assessing the quality of current higher education intelligentsia in Vietnam Assessing the quality of higher education intelligentsia in Vietnam is actually the judgment of labor values to clarify intellectual contributions of university lecturers and subjects managing the education in higher education to the society. Assessing the quality of higher education intelligentsia is needed to focus on the following basic criteria: Firstly, level of satisfying the teachers’ standards for higher education intelligentsia Secondly, level of fulfilling tasks by higher education intelligentsia under the assigned authority Thirdly, actual work results of higher education intelligentsia Fourthly, satisfaction level of university lecturers, students and subjects using higher education products against the work results of higher education intelligentsia Fifthly, satisfaction ability of the trained human resources for the labor market. This criterion is quantified at an employment rate of students after graduation and quality of higher education human resources. 2.4. EVITABILITY OF IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF CURRENT HIGHER EDUCATION INTELLIGENTSIA IN VIETNAM 2.4.1. Improving the quality of higher education intelligentsia in Vietnam as an inevitable need from national development requirements Building socialism in Vietnam in the aim of human liberation and development requires socio-economic development based on science and technology in the phase of promoting national industrialization and modernization in line with the development of knowledge economy. Moreover, pressure of enhancing the economy’s competitiveness requires higher education to supply high-quality human resources for the society. This requirement has only been satisfied if the quality of higher education intelligentsia is enhanced as a basic condition directly decisive to the production and reproduction of goods with a special product – humanintelligence to meet needs of national development. 2.4.2. Improving the quality of higher education intelligentsia as an internal requirement for basic and comprehensive renovation in Vietnam In any higher education institutions, poor education quality is probably also a constant threat to the university’s sustainable existence and development. It is necessary to be deeply aware that higher education in Vietnam has faced a 13 crucially important requirement – basic and comprehensive renovation of higher education in the aim of concentratedly training high-quality human resource, including regional-level and international-level universities and training majors; improving quality under the needs of standardization, modernization, socialization and international integration. To carry out that strategy successfully, improving the quality of higher education intelligentsia has become an essential need. On the other side, guidelines for credit-orientated training, trend for self- management increase and requirements for enhancing the self-responsibility of universities along with implementing quality inspection of universities under the Ministry of Education and Training’s regulations have become a motivation rocketing the quality enhancement of the intelligentsia in higher education. This also makes higher education intelligentsia possibly be discharged if their labor quality does not meet requests for learners or subjects using human resources. 2.4.3. Improving the quality of higher education intelligentsia to exploit all potentials effectively, use higher education’s resources reasonably and cost-effectively The university’s training efficiency is controlled by the exploration of potentials as well as reasonable and cost-effective use of higher education resources. In case of not improving the quality of higher education intelligentsia, investment of facilities, modernization of teaching aids, renovation of mechanism and development polices of higher education as well as teaching methods have become meaningless, even seriously wasteful for higher education in particular and socio-economic management in general in the limited conditions of educational expenses and investment budget. The quality of higher education is formed by many factors, but other factors have only played a supportive role, facilitating so that the intelligentsia may perform their functions and tasks. To conclude, improving the quality of higher education intelligentsia has been considered as a central point not only affixing educational elements to a perfect whole but also directly deciding the use effectiveness of higher education resources. Chapter 3 CURRENT SITUATIONS OF THE QUALITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION INTELLIGENTSIA IN VIETNAM AND SEVERAL PROPOSED PROBLEMS 3.1. CURRENT SITUATIONS OF THE QUALITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION INTELLIGENTSIA IN VIETNAM 3.1.1. Level of satisfying the teachers’ standards for higher education intelligentsia in Vietnam In line with the cause of comprehensive renovation in Vietnam and expansion for the human resource training scale, the number of higher 14 education intelligentsia has constantly been supplemented in terms of quantity, improved in terms of quality, gradually meeting the stipulated standards of professional qualification, capacity and ethical quality of the teachers. Thereby they have accomplished their teaching tasks, done scientific researches, maintained honor and prestige, fostered political quality and occupational ethics. Nevertheless, rate of the teachers not gaining the standards of professional qualification under the laws’ regulations (due to not being trained post- graduation programs) still accounts for 38.75%. Furthermore, deficiency in successive high-qualified officers has misbalanced age structure, qualification and succession of intelligentsia in higher education. Additionally, ideal erosion and ethical degradation as well as expressions of form labor, problems from a large number of university lecturers have been remedied, not only adversely affecting the teachers’ honor and prestige but also restricting the quality of higher education intelligentsia in Vietnam. 3.1.2. Level of fulfilling tasks of higher education intelligentsia in Vietnam Firstly, fulfilling teaching tasks, doing scientific researches under training goals and curricula According to data from sociological surveys, 64.1% university lecturers have positively taken part in teaching activity under goals and contents of curriculum. An absolute majority of the teachers have strived to accomplish their standard teaching hours and do scientific researches subject to job titles. In fact, compiling course books, reference books and documents for education and training activities by the intelligentsia has not been completed at a high level. A number of higher education intelligentsia do not meet requirements of announcing research results on foreign and domestic scientific journals. Secondly, level of fulfilling tasks of periodical studies, fostering and enhancing professional qualification of higher education intelligentsia In many years, higher education intelligentsia has endeavored in the process of training, fostering and enhancing theoretical level, professional qualification and teaching methods. Nonetheless, prevailing limitations of high education intelligentsia are only paying attention to training and fostering professional qualification. It is a fact that the considerable number of university lecturers has actively not nourished their political theoretical level, research capacity, applied information technology and used foreign languages, meeting the required professional qualification. Thirdly, level of fulfilling tasks of higher education intelligentsia with the involvement of educational management Higher education intelligentsia with the involvement of management has accomplished tasks of building, implementing and supervising the performance of teaching and learning schedules as well as scientific researches of university lecturers. A number of young intelligentsia in higher education have devotedly 15 accomplished their work. Nevertheless, it is a fact that we have lacked talented education managers in the institutions. 3.1.3. Work results of higher education intelligentsia in Vietnam It is admitted that higher education intelligentsia has obtained positive results considerably contributing economic growth, social stability, national security and defense assurance as well as international integration. Every year higher education intelligentsia has directly participated the training of tens of bachelors, masters and doctors, making remarkable contributions to the implementation of high-qualified human resource development strategy for the promotion of national industrialization and modernization. Results from scientific researches, leadership and management of high education intelligentsia have contributed the improvement of national science and technology level, the making of guidelines and policies of the Party and the State as well as initially resolving new problems arising in the cause of renovation. Main limitations from labor results of higher education intelligentsia are poor education quality; poor non-governmental training; the renovation of training contents and curriculum in universities not keeping up with requirements of production reality; low applied efficiency of scientific works with about 40% research results not utilized; unreasonable management of the intelligentsia in higher education shown in the inactiveness before the macro-management causing the limitations of self-management and creativity in the education and training activities. 3.1.4. Satisfaction level of university lecturers, students and subjects using higher education products for the work results of teachers in higher education Although satisfaction level of students and university lecturers for work results of the intelligentsia in higher education has reached a high rate of more than 70%. In terms of results from training human resources satisfying national development needs, there have a number of feedback indicating concerns and dissatisfaction. This clarifies the reason(s) why 60% enterprises involving the surveys have given their dissatisfaction with quality of human resource education in universities. 3.1.5. Satisfying ability of the trained human resources for the labor market It can be confirmed that higher education intelligentsia through occupational labor has considerably contributed strategies of improving people’s intellectual levels, training human resource and fostering talented individuals for the country. Nowadays, every year higher education has provided the society with more than 10,000 people with their post-graduate qualification. They have been the core force involving the employment in almost all different social aspects. Looking at the picture of higher education in Vietnam can easily realize one of the biggest limitations – lack of employees fast responsive, active, creative 16 and capable for meeting the knowledge economy’s requirements. A majority of enterprise managers have joint comments: almost all information technology engineers have professional quality much lower than international standards; newly graduated students of business administration major are poor in terms of qualifications and prone to theories. The current situation demonstrates that not only severe deficiency in high-qualified human resource in key aspects must generate breakthroughs in the context of global integration and competitiveness as well as increasing distance between the quality of higher education intelligentsia as well as actual requirements and social expectations. 3.2. EMERGING ISSUES FOR THE LABOR QUALITY OF THE HIGHER EDUCATION INTELLIGENTSIA IN VIETNAM 3.2.1. The risk of lagging on the qualification and capacity of the higher education intelligentsia before the international integration requirements In fact, the higher education intelligentsia in Vietnam has a lot of shortcomings and inadequacies on the professional qualifications and capacitybefore the career requirements, the requirement of the country's development and international integration. Compared with the developed countries having the advanced higher educationbackground, the professional qualifications of our higher education intelligentsia tend to have more noticeable lagging. Notably, the rate of lecturers having a doctoral degree or scientific titles, such as Professor, Associate Professor in our country is very low. The number of intellectual elites and talented people is very little; the number of leading experts lacks seriously and the next generation is in short fall; andthere is very little strong scientific group with a reputation to compete on the global scale. Not only the foreign language proficiency is weak, but also higher education intelligentsia in our country lacks a creative capacity at the necessary level to create the product, the scientific work that can compete on equal terms with international colleagues. 3.2.2. The structural imbalances in labor quality of higher education intelligentsia in Vietnam Building the consensus of higher education intelligentsia requires creating the continuity and the same dimensional effects to learners from trainers being different from age, seniority, qualifications, capacity, degree and title, even teachers in the various training majors and more broadly, in the regions of the country. Unfortunately, the actual labor quality of the higher education intelligentsia shows the clear shortcomings before the request to create this consensus. It is the structural imbalance on the qualifications and capacity in the labor results of the higher education intelligentsia between the industries and education sectors; and the feeling of uncertainty about the next generation with highly qualification. 17 3.2.3. Higher education intelligentsia should combine teaching activity and scientific research while the trend of overlooking the scientific research occurs in many places According to sociological surveys, 61.1 % have suggested that most lecturers only concentrate on teaching activities. This data is consistent with the assessment of the Ministry of Education and Training: "There are up to 50 - 60 % of lecturers not spending or spending very little time doing scientific research." Many lecturers choose the way to increase their income by teaching, even teach in another time due to the lack of time of the scientific research not because of the passion to the study. This is an alarming manifestation of the current state of higher education intelligentsia in our country in the process of implementing the training programs combining research and teaching, linking theory with practice, training under the social needs and career orientation. The separation of teaching and research makes the learning of students and even the teaching of the lecturers not be placed in the research environment - the environment of creative thinking methods, of the reasoning and judgment. This reduces the value, potential ability, intelligence and creativity of higher education intelligentsia that it should have been respected and promoted. 3.2.4. Conflicts between the requirements of liberating creative energy, the dedication of higher education intelligentsia and the barriers in thinking, mechanisms, policies and conditions to ensure quality Introduction to thoroughly liberating the creative energy and dedication to the career of higher education intelligentsia is derived from the demands of teaching science rather than uphold the role of creativity and outrageous enthusiasm. However, the slowly thinking innovation, the lack of the necessary conditions to ensure the development of creative energy are the barriers that make a part of educators not focus the energy on teaching and the scientific research, education management and organization not really stick, servefor ideals of enhancing knowledge, personnel training and talent fostering. The biggest barrier is that the limitation in investment policy, incentive mechanisms with lack of innovation thinking and the weaknesses of professional qualifications of many lecturers that hinders the opening of the relation between scientific research and practical teaching and production, does not create strong potential power to promote the creativity in working of higher education intelligentsia. On the other hand, while macro-management methods to professional employees of the higher education intelligentsia have not broken with the subsidy administrative mechanism, not required the strict autonomy, self- responsibility of every lecturer, the negative impact of the wrong side of the market mechanism coupled with the psychology respecting the degree and 18 payroll mechanism under the degree, seniority is not small hurdles before actually learning requirements to achieve the real power, real talent, real intellectual contribution of higher education intelligentsia. 3.2.5. Labor quality of higher education intelligentsia has been ensured by lecturers’ responsibility but the mechanisms of inspecting, supervising and assessing have been properlyrespected yet Professional qualifications and research capacity are the determining factors of the labor quality of higher education intelligentsia, but also a sense of responsibility is an important requirement that each lecturer need to meet, especially, in the present context, the market mechanism governs human life and leaves a lot of the negative impacts and social consequences. The current inadequate problem beingthe criteria for accreditation of education has not been constructed in accordance with the specific characteristics of each university; external assessment activities, especially the participation of assessing the education quality of objects using the products of higher education has not been properly respected. The evaluation, inspection and monitoring to professional activities of rectors and managerial staffshave not been implemented; so the quality of the organization, leadership, education management of the higher education intelligentsia in our country have not beenexamined and assessed generally. Mechanism to discharge weak lecturers has not become the fundamental elements in the cultural and scientific leadership and education management. This explains why higher educationintelligentsia has not found real pressure from the responsibilities and duties of a teacher and a scientist before the practical requirements as well as expectations of the society. Chapter 4 VIEW-POINT AND SOLUTION ON IMPROVING THE LABOR QUALITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION INTELLIGENTSIA IN VIETNAM TODAY 4.1. BASIC VIEWPOINTS ON IMPROVING THE LABOR QUALITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION INTELLIGENTSIA VIETNAM TODAY 4.1.1. Improving the labor quality of the higher education intelligentsia must be associated with the country's development needs To meet the demand for qualified human resources for the process of industrialization, modernization and development of the knowledge economy, positive and proactive international integration, the labor of higher education intelligentsia should aim to supply human resources being able to meet the requirements of the market. They will be leaders, workers, officials, high-level technical workers, businessman desiring dedicating to the country, elite 19 workforce, especially experts being capable of inventing and technology transfer. In general, they are the workforce having strong political sense and clear ethics, modern knowledge, expertise and industriallabor style and voluntary labor discipline, ability to apply achievements of modern science and technology to enhance productivity. With higher requirement, it must strive for the higher education intelligentsia with high qualifications to have the ability to undertake professional tasks and education management in some universities, educational sectors with an international level. This requires improving the labor quality of higher education intelligentsia towardsprofessionalization and internationalization of the teaching quality, scientific research, application, technology transfer and the education management quality to facilitate educators to participate actively in the international labor division. 4.1.2. Improving the labor quality of the Vietnamese higher education intelligentsia must be associated with standardized requirements for international integration Standardization of the higher education intelligentsia seems to be the process of implementing the rules with normality representing the labor valueof educators. The urgent requirement now is that to build a group of higher education educatorswith the standard qualification, capacity and consensus on a sense of responsibility to serve the homeland and the people and who agree the goal and the ideal training human resources to meet the demands of industrialization and modernization of the country. Standardization of thehigher education intelligentsia in the quantity, qualification, and capacity requires controlling and eliminating thoroughly the status that lecturers teach too much subjects or subjects being not in their qualifications, leading to decrease the education quality. In particular, with the trend of globalization today, in addition to the standardization of professional qualifications in accordance with the Charter of the University, it should set the standardization of capacity using language and computerization of higher education intelligentsia in teaching, scientific research, leadership and education management as an urgent requirement. Standardization of the higher education intelligentsia in moralquality requires paying much attention to love people, love my job; positive attitude, self-discipline, responsibility in working of each educator. Standardization of the labor quality of higher education intelligentsia should focus on training high-quality human resources to ensure education driven the career orientation and demands of the society. 4.1.3. Improving the labor quality of higher education intelligentsia should base on the foundation of the positive labor attitude of each educator The labor quality of higher education intelligentsia depends heavily on positive attitude, self-discipline, dedication of each educator, if withoutthem; 20 pedagogical labors will become bored, passive and inefficient. Improving the labor quality of higher education intelligentsia should base on the foundation and sustainable consolidation of positive laborattitude of each lecturer as well as managerial staffs in educationsector. As the role of the force implementing the mission to train high-quality human resources for the country, the higher education intelligentsia has formed and developed the socialistlabor attitudeas laborswith self -discipline, positive attitude and creativity. This is the proper labor attitude to ensure high degree conformity with the labor organizationsand new labor disciplines. 4.2. MAJOR SOLUTIONS ON IMPROVING THE LABOR QUALITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION INTELLIGENTSIA IN VIETNAM TODAY 4.2.1. Unifying and enhancing the awareness of the society about the labor quality of higher education intelligentsia Unifying the awareness of the whole society from understanding the labor value of higher education intelligentsia is the scientific premise, the most important ideas and the motivation raisingthe dedication aspiration of each teacher in the market economy condition. Characteristic of this work is to demonstrate the consensus among leadership thought of the party with the management thinking of the state and the thinking of other actors in the society relating tothe intellectual labor and creativity of the higher education intelligentsia associated with the natural function of this team in training high- quality human resources for the country; about organic attachment relationship, dialectics between teaching activities and scientific research; manner of assessing the labor quality of higher education intelligentsia; necessity of improving the labor quality of higher education intelligentsia in our country. 4.2.2. Strengthening the leadership of the Party, the management of the State and the responsibility of the training facilities for the labor quality of higher-education intelligentsia This is one of direct determinants to the labor quality of higher-education intelligentsia in Vietnam in oriented socialism market economy. First of all, the Party must constantly enhance his intellectual and leadership responsibility for the labor quality of higher-education intelligentsia. Along with that request, the State should comply seriously developing-oriented function for higher education; complete autonomy for higher education institutions; build up standards for training quality, strengthening supervision, inspection, training quality controlling, and perfecting law and wage policies in higher-education training facilities. To ensure the labor quality of higher-education intelligentsia in our country today, improving accountability requirement of training facilities has been set out inevitably. It requires universities, teaching staff and managing cadres to define clearly the vision, mission, and objectives and to implement solutions to make the planned commitments for quality. 21 4.2.3. Modernization of higher education as a breakthrough to enhance the labor quality of Vietnamese teacher intelligentsia today First of all, objectives and contents of higher-education program need to be modernized towards determining the standard values of trained human resources. The focus of this stage is streamlining, screening, refreshing the knowledge to ensure modern, avoid overcrowding, duplication which has been raised as a scientific require during modernizing process of teaching content. Modernizing method of higher-education training and education is necessarily considered as a crucial point, a key step in order to eliminate the backwardness of the old education method, on the other hand, to logicalize, intellectualize new methodology, and see learners to be in center. The urgent problem now is that condition of pedagogical universities with backward content, teaching method compared to reality needs to be stopped. Modernization of higher education also involves innovation and improvement of the quality and qualification of teaching institutions. There is not only to focus on modernizing universities, libraries, laboratories, facilities and equipments for teaching and studying ; but also to modernize the organization operations, teachers management and build up teaching institutions of ‘open higher-education’ towards improving international co-operation. 4.2.4. Make a fundamental change in the training, retraining higher- education intelligentsia to meet professional standards The main objective of training, retraining higher-education intelligentsia is to make change of each teacher in knowledge, skill and attitude, so as to build lecturers with strength and real talent. In particular, it’s necessary to pay attention to training, retraining of leading experts, elite intellectuals, pedagogical scientific groups ; focus on training young talents with a strong investment of the State resources – a matter of un-neglectable responsibility to create higher-education intellectual resources in strategic level in the future. Along with content innovation, method of training and retraining higher- education intelligentsia needs to be made change in accordance with diversifying types: updating knowledge training, seminars, centralized and un- centralized training, formal and non-formal training, long-term and short-term retraining, domestic training in combination with training at prestigious facilities in the world. 4.2.5. Innovating policy of using talented people to ensure worthy treatment for labor of higher-education intelligentsia The problem to the labor quality of higher-education intelligentsia is how treatment mechanism and policy must reflect the honor, appreciation for true value of scientific creativity; it will be the catalyst contributing to raise passion, enthusiasm for each teacher. Nowadays, salary plays an important role which affects directly to career 22 choices, work, job satisfaction or job transferring decision of higher-education intelligentsia. Mode of allowances calculation for higher-education intelligentsia simply according to seniority, position, qualification or title as current actually has not been released from leveling idea in distribution. This is a huge waste that the Education should soon overcome by paying salary and allowances according to ability, contribution level or labor quality of each teacher. In principle, it’s necessary to focus on paying higher wage and having policy of reward, honor, treatment both in material and spirit for higher-education intelligentsia who successfully completed the task, got valuable inventions, innovations, scientific and technological works and products. Along with the work of emulation and commendation, it’s also important to create opportunities for professional promotion and development for lecturers. 4.2.6. Innovating basically management, respecting the labor quality control of higher-education intelligentsia In fact, the management of higher education in Vietnam revealed many weakness and limitations. This requires attention to the management stage with innovating thinking requirement along with sweeping reforms according to the trend of improving autonomy and social self-responsibility of higher-education institutions in our country in the context of integration and increased global competition. Controlling the labor quality of higher-education intelligentsia is considered an effective management measure in order to determine systematically the labor value of lecturers and educational managing cadres in the overall of pedagogical activity. Therefore, the Ministry of Education and Training needs to study, develop and promulgate the labor quality standards of higher- education intelligentsia, supplement and implement seriously external assessing criteria including agencies, enterprises, companies using products of higher education, the independent evaluating units, other domestic and foreign training institutions according to specific scale, especially it’s necessary to assign by number or ranking to reflect explicitly the labor quality of higher- education intelligentsia. CONCLUSION Modern scientific-technological Revolution is developing strongly as a storm; globalization is taking place deeply in all areas, which impacts profoundly to the development of nations. Though there are different political regimes in countries, they must actively identify developing strategies for their own appropriately so that they can avoid the risk of lagging behind in the global race. For Vietnam on opening and integration journey, accelerating the 23 pace of development to become an industrial country, it requires that our country must bring into play all resources, especially intellectual resource and the labor quality of higher-education intelligentsia. This is the matter which contained complexity, sensitiveness, difficulty for measurement. Through studying, the author of the thesis got some following general conclusions: 1. Higher-education intelligentsia is the core force involving directly in the training process at the highest level of the national education system, playing an important role in implementation of ‘three breakthroughs’, consisting of breakthrough of building human resource and typically high-quality human resource of nation ; not only directly involving in developing science- technology but also using their talents, creativity and enthusiasm to build up scientific foundations for planning guidelines and policies of the Party and the State, especially the higher education policy. 2. Higher-education intelligentsia is professional labor, that is pedagogical science labor at high level, is imparting knowledge and vocational training is educating, improving characteristic, in which, teaching and scientific research are closely related to each other and secured primarily by intellectual and creative labor. This is considered characteristic when planning policies to improve the labor quality of higher-education intelligentsia in our country today. 3. The labor quality of higher-education intelligentsia is a multi-dimensional concept, reflecting satisfactory level of responsibilities, duties of teacher; is a major measure of the devoted ability of heart power and mental power of whole of teachers in developing strategy for high-quality human resources for nation. To assess the labor quality of this staff, it’s necessary to focus on identifying the level of satisfaction lecturer standards, task completion, actual labor result, satisfaction of entities who enjoy benefits of higher education, effect of higher-education intelligentsia in correlated comparison with ensured conditions. In particular, the ability to supply trained manpower for labor market and employment is considered as an important assessing criterion. 4. Today, we and humanity are in the first decade of the new millennium – the era of intellectual civilization. This context and requirement of developing industrialization and modernization of the country have objectified decisive role of higher-education intelligentsia in strategy of human resource training. By their talent, wisdom and dedication, Vietnamese higher-education intelligentsia is actively participating in the process of knowledge production, which helps to build up high quality human resources of the country, from the general level to every developing stair step by step to meet the requirements and demands of civilized society. It is both a value system and responsibility of citizen, is living ideal that most of genuine higher-education intelligentsia are deeply awarded. However, the labor quality of Vietnam higher-education intelligentsia is revealing many inadequacies and limitations that deepen more 24 and more the distance between the expectation of society and training results from universities. The requirement that improving the labor quality of higher- education intelligentsia in our country has become essential, not only to meet requirement of pedagogical science but also to be urged by opportunities and challenges due to age and time. 5. Labor of higher-education intelligentsia before required to implement innovative solutions to improve the quality which covered a large and complex problem. That is awareness education; strengthening the leadership of the Party, the management of the State; improving responsibility of training institutions to form a positive public opinion, agreeing that society and people are interested in strategy of improving labor quality of higher-education intelligentsia. That is also a very high requirement which needs carefulness in process of organization, planning, searching, and implementing mechanism and policy to make motivation for creative labor and inspection, supervision for ensuring the labor quality of teaching intelligentsia. In addition, business of training, retraining and improving professional qualification, code of professional ethics as well as forming positive labor attitude ; responsibility of teachers is necessary to be emphasized in concern of the labor quality of higher-education intelligentsia. 6. To clarify the labor quality of Vietnamese higher-education intelligentsia, there are a lot of issues that the author of the thesis will concentrate on studying and explaining in the future such as: - Opportunities and challenges for improving the labor quality of Vietnamese higher-education intelligentsia in the context of globalization and development of knowledge economy; - The necessary conditions to improve the labor quality of Vietnamese higher-education intelligentsia today; - Perfecting method of assessing the labor quality of Vietnamese higher- education intelligentsia towards standardization and modernization to meet requirements of international integration… Those are matters with theoretical and practical meanings, which are laid out in the process of implementing critical Resolutions of the Party on basic and comprehensive renovation of training – education in our country that the author will study further after this thesis. LIST OF WORKS HAVE BEEN PUBLISHED OF AUTHOR RELATED TO THE THESIS 1. Tran Thi Lan (2010), "Some of the problems posed by the recognition of labor characteristics of teaching staff", Journal of Science & Technology, (3) 2. Tran Thi Lan (2010), "Promoting the role of higher education intelligentsia in training human resource in our country from aspect of objective necessity", Journal of Reporter, (9). 3. Tran Thi Lan (2011), "Concept of higher education intelligentsia quality in current conditions of our country", Journal of Education, (9). 4. Tran Thi Lan (2013), "Responsibility and labour attitude of Vietnam higher education intelligentsia in condition of Socialist-oriented market economy", Journal of Theoretical Education, (7). 5. Tran Thi Lan (2013), Methodological meaning from the viewpoint of Marxism - Leninism, Ho Chi Minh’s Ideology for building the intelligentsia our country today, Science Workshop, Thai Nguyen University of Education. 6. Tran Thi Lan (2013), "Method of evaluating work force of higher education intelligentsia towards standardization in our country today", Journal of Science & Technology, (12). 7. Tran Thi Lan (2013), "Improving the labour quality of higher education intelligentsia - breakthrough to implement the strategy of developing human resource as viewpoint of Party in The 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam", Journal of Human Resources Development, (10).