Trên cơ sở các kết quả nghiên cứu của luận án, có thể rút ra các kết luận như sau:
1. Đã tổng hợp thành công hệ vật liệu lưỡng chức năng HP-XT trên cơ sở
CuO
x và than hoạt tính Trà Bắc với hàm lượng Cu thay đổi từ 1 đến 8% . Các kết
quả phân tích đặc trưng hóa lý dựa trên các phép đo BET chỉ ra:vật liệu CuOx /AC
có cấu trúc vi mao quản phát triển (Smic ~97%SBET), có diện tích bề mặt riêng lớn
(~1112 m2/g), TEM, HR-TEM, TPR-H2 và hấp phụ hóa học N2O đã chỉ ra: Các cụm
tâm oxit CuO
x trong đó Cu ở trạng thái oxi hóa Cu2+, phân tán đều đặn cả trong mao
quản và trên bề mặt ngoài của than với độ phân tán ~7,71% , diện tích bề mặt tiếp
xúc ~ 3,33 m2 trên 1 g xúc tác và kích thước trung bình của các cụm tâm hoạt động
~13,49 nm. Phân tích XPS cho thấy Cu ở trạng thái oxi hóa Cu2+, không có sự
tương tác bề mặt và tương tác pha giữa Cu với AC. AC có chứa các liên kết chính
là C–C, C=C, C=O, C–OH và C–H.
2. Bằng phương pháp hấp phụ động đã nghiên cứu cân bằng hấp phụ và động
học hấp phụ của m-xylen trên than hoạt tính. Kết quả cho thấy: sự hấp phụ m-xylen
trên AC phù hợp với lý thuyết hấp phụ lấp đầy vi mao quản của DubininRaduskevich. 
Việc tuân theo các mô hình ba thông số Dubinin-Astakhov và
Langmuir-Freundlich của cân bằng hấp phụ chỉ ra sự không đồng nhất về năng
lượng giữa các tâm hấp phụ. Trong mao quản lực hấp phụ chủ yếu là lực Van der
Wall, ở bề mặt ngoài, tương tác xếp chồng π-π chiếm ưu thế. Nhiệt hấp phụ đẳng
lượng Qst được xác định nằm trong khoảng (51÷59 kJ/mol) và tăng theo lượng mxylen bị hấp phụ (0,3÷1,4 mmol/g) chứng minh ái lực của AC đối với m-xylen. Sự
có mặt của CuO hầu như không làm thay đổi tính chất hấp phụ m-xylen của than
hoạt tính
                
              
                                            
                                
            
 
            
                 169 trang
169 trang | 
Chia sẻ: tueminh09 | Lượt xem: 1060 | Lượt tải: 0 
              
            Bạn đang xem trước 20 trang tài liệu Luận án Nghiên cứu chế tạo vật liệu lưỡng chức năng hấp phụ - Xúc tác trên cơ sở oxit đồng và than hoạt tính để xử lý các chất ô nhiễm hữu cơ dễ bay hơi, để xem tài liệu hoàn chỉnh bạn click vào nút DOWNLOAD ở trên
ải các động cơ đốt 
trong", Proceeding hội nghị Xúc tác-Hấp phu toàn quốc lần thứ 2, pp. 325-
334. 
[23] AB1 Jusoh et al. (2002), "Model studies on granular activated carbon 
adsorption in fixed bed filtration", Water Sci Technol. 46 (9), pp. 127-135. 
[24] Abdolmohammad-Zadeh Hossein et al. (2012), "Determination of Iodate in 
Food, Environmental, and Biological Samples after Solid-Phase Extraction 
with Ni-Al-Zr Ternary Layered Double Hydroxide as a Nanosorbent", The 
ScientificWorld Journal. 2012, pp. 1-8. 
[25] Acevedo Beatriz et al. (2015), "Texture and surface chemistry of activated 
carbons obtained from tyre wastes", Fuel Processing Technology. 134, pp. 
275-283. 
[26] Aguilera Daniel Antonio et al. (2011), "Cu–Mn and Co–Mn catalysts 
synthesized from hydrotalcites and their use in the oxidation of VOCs", 
Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. 104, pp. 144-150. 
[27] Asgari et al. (2013), "Synthesis and physicochemical characterization of 
nanostructured Pd/ceria‐clinoptilolite catalyst used for p‐xylene abatement 
from waste gas streams at low temperature", Journal chemical Technology 
Biotechnol. 88, pp. 690-703. 
103 
[28] Balcaen V. et al. (2010), "TAP study on the active oxygen species in the total 
oxidation of propane over a CuO–CeO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst", Catalysis today. 
157 (1), pp. 49-54. 
[29] Bansal Roop Chand et al. (2005), Activated Carbon Adsorption, Taylor & 
Francis. 
[30] Billo E. Joseph (1997), Excel for Chemists - A comprehensive Guide, Wiley-
VCH. 
[31] Biniak S. et al. (1997), "The characterization of activated carbons with 
oxygen and nitrogen surface groups", Carbon. 35 (12), pp. 1799-1810. 
[32] Campesi M. Agustina et al. (2011), "Combustion of volatile organic 
compounds on a MnCu catalyst: A kinetic study", Catalysis today. 176, pp. 
225-228. 
[33] Crist B. Vincent (2000), Handbook of monochromatic xps spectra: The 
elements of native oxides, Wiley. 
[34] Chang Yu-Neng (2011), "Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Analysis of 
Copper Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor 
Deposition (MOCVD)", MRS Proceedings. 293. 
[35] Chi-Sheng Wu Jeffrey et al. (1998), "VOC deep oxidation over Pt catalysts 
using hydrophobic supports", Catalysis today. 44 (1–4), pp. 111-118. 
[36] Chinchen G. C. et al. (1987), "The measurement of copper surface areas by 
reactive frontal chromatography", Journal of Catalysis. 103 (1), pp. 79-86. 
[37] Do Duong D. (1998), ADSORPTION ANALYSIS: EQUILIBRIA AND 
KINETICS, Series on Chemical Engineering, Vol. Vol2, Imperial College 
Press. 
[38] Dubinin M. M. et al. (1970), "Description of adsorption equilibria of vapors 
on zeolites over wide ranges of temperature and pressure", Adv. Chem. Ser. 
102, pp. 69–85. 
[39] Dwivedi P. et al. (2004), "Comparative study of removal of volatile organic 
compounds by cryogenic condensation and adsorption by activated carbon 
fiber", Separation and Purification Technology. 39 (1–2), pp. 23-37. 
[40] E Furinky (2008), Carbon and Carbon-supported catalysts in 
hydroprocessing, RSCP Publishing. 
[41] Eckenfelder William Wesley (1989), Industrial Water Pollution Control, Ed. 
Mc Graw Hill Co. Inc. New York. 
[42] Fonseca Juliana da Silva Lima et al. (2012), "Cooperative effect between 
copper and gold on ceria for CO-PROX reaction", Catalysis today. 180 (1), 
pp. 34-41. 
[43] Foo K.Y. et al. (2010), "Insights into the modeling of adsorption isotherm 
systems", Chemical Engineering Journal. 156, pp. 2-10. 
104 
[44] G.Q.Lu et al. (2004), Nanoporous Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 
4, Imperial College Press, London, pp. 772-800. 
[45] Gaur Vivekanand et al. (2005), "Catalytic oxidation of toluene and m-xylene 
by activated carbon fiber impregnated with transition metals", Carbon. 43, 
pp. 3041-3053. 
[46] Greene Howard et al. (1996), "Energy efficient dual-function sorbent/catalyst 
media for chlorinated VOC destruction", Catalysis today. 27 (1), pp. 289-
296. 
[47] Guillemot M. et al. (2007), "Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) removal 
over dual functional adsorbent/catalyst system", Applied Catalysis B: 
Environmental. 75 (3–4), pp. 249-255. 
[48] Guisnet M. et al. (1999), "Catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds 
1. Oxidation of xylene over a 0.2 wt% Pd/HFAU(17) catalyst", Applied 
Catalysis B: Environmental. 20 (1), pp. 1-13. 
[49] Heynderickx M. Philippe et al. (2010), "Kinetic modeling of the total 
oxidation of propane over CuO-CeO2/g-Al2O3", Applied Catalysis B: 
Environmental. 95, pp. 26-38. 
[50] Hong Seong-Soo et al. (2003), "Catalytic combustion of benzene over 
supported metal oxides catalysts", Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering. 
20 (3), pp. 440-444. 
[51] Hu Chaoquan (2010), "Enhanced catalytic activity and stability of 
Cu0.13Ce0.87Oy catalyst for acetone combustion: Effect of calcination 
temperature", Chemical Engineering Journal. 159 (1–3), pp. 129-137. 
[52] Hu Chaoquan et al. (2009), "Catalytic combustion of dilute acetone over Cu-
doped ceria catalysts", Chemical Engineering Journal. 152 (2–3), pp. 583-
590. 
[53] Huang Shaoyong et al. (2008), "Complete oxidation of o-xylene over 
Pd/Al2O3 catalyst at low temperature", Catalysis today. 139 (1–2), pp. 15-
23. 
[54] I.Masel Richard (2001), Chemiscal Kinetics and Catalysis, Wiley - 
Interscience. 
[55] Jaramillo Josefa et al. (2010), "Oxidation of activated carbon by dry and wet 
methods: Surface chemistry and textural modifications", Fuel Processing 
Technology. 91 (11), pp. 1768-1775. 
[56] Joung Hea-Jung et al. (2014), "Catalytic oxidation of VOCs over CNT-
supported platinum nanoparticles", Applied Surface Science. 290, pp. 267-
273. 
[57] K. Muhammad S. et al. (2016), "Catalytic oxidation of volatile organic 
compounds (VOCs) – A review", Atmospheric Environment. 140, pp. 117–
134. 
105 
[58] Kim Ki-Joong et al. (2006), "Adsorption–desorption characteristics of VOCs 
over impregnated activated carbons", Catalysis today. 111 (3–4), pp. 223-
228. 
[59] Kim S. C. et al. (2008), "Complete oxidation of volatile organic compounds 
over Ce/Cu/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst", Environmental Technology. 29 (5), pp. 535-
542. 
[60] Kim Sang Chai (2002), "The catalytic oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons 
over supported metal oxide", Journal of Hazardous Materials. 91 (1–3), pp. 
285-299. 
[61] Kolade Mary A. et al. (2009), "Adsorptive reactor technology for VOC 
abatement", Chemical Engineering Science. 64 (6), pp. 1167-1177. 
[62] Ladera Rosa et al. (2013), "Catalytic valorization of CO2 via methanol 
synthesis with Ga-promoted Cu–ZnO–ZrO2 catalysts", Applied Catalysis B: 
Environmental. 142–143, pp. 241-248. 
[63] Lee Gwang-Ho et al. (2002), "Catalytic combustion of benzene over copper 
oxide supported on TiO2 preprared by Sol – gel method", J.Ind.Chem. 8 (6). 
[64] Li Lin et al. (2011), "Surface modification of coconut shell based activated 
carbon for the improvement of hydrophobic VOC removal", Journal of 
Hazardous Materials. 192 (2), pp. 683-690. 
[65] Li Yue et al. (2000), "Low-temperature water-gas shift reaction over Cu- and 
Ni-loaded cerium oxide catalysts", Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. 27, 
pp. 179-191. 
[66] Lillo-Ródenas M. A. et al. (2005), "Behaviour of activated carbons with 
different pore size distributions and surface oxygen groups for benzene and 
toluene adsorption at low concentrations", Carbon. 43 (8), pp. 1758-1767. 
[67] Liotta Leonarda (2010), "Catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds 
on supported noble metals", Applied Catalysis B Environmental. 100 (3), pp. 
403-412. 
[68] Liou Rey-May et al. (2009), "CuO impregnated activated carbon for catalytic 
wet peroxide oxidation of phenol", Journal of Hazardous Materials. 172, pp. 
498-506. 
[69] Liu Jian et al. (2011), "Adsorption dynamics of toluene in composite bed 
with microfibrous entrapped activated carbon", Chemical Engineering 
Journal. 173 (2), pp. 456-462. 
[70] Lu Chi-Yuan et al. (2007), "Simultaneous removal of VOC and NO by 
activated carbon impregnated with transition metal catalysts in combustion 
flue gas", Fuel Processing Technology. 88, pp. 557-567. 
[71] Mahalakshmy R et al. (2009), "Surface functionalities of nitric acid treated 
carbon-A density functional theory based vibrational analysis", Indian 
Journal of Chemistry. 48A, pp. 352-356. 
106 
[72] Marsh Harry et al. (2006), Activated carbon, Elsevier Science & Technology 
Books 
[73] Moreno-Castilla C. et al. (2000), "Changes in surface chemistry of activated 
carbons by wet oxidation", Carbon. 38 (14), pp. 1995-2001. 
[74] Niemantsverdriet J. W. (2007), Spectroscopy in Catalysis, Wiley-WCH. 
[75] O. Levenspiel (1972), Chemical Reaction Engineering, 2, Jonh Wiley & 
Sons, NewYork, USA. 
[76] Ordóñez Salvador et al. (2002), "Kinetics of the deep oxidation of benzene, 
toluene, n-hexane and their binary mixtures over a platinum on γ-alumina 
catalyst", Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. 38 (2), pp. 139-149. 
[77] Pakuła M. et al. (2005), "Voltammetric and FT-IR studies of modified 
activated carbon systems with phenol, 4-chlorophenol or 1,4-benzoquinone 
adsorbed from aqueous electrolyte solutions", Colloids and Surfaces A: 
Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 260 (1–3), pp. 145-155. 
[78] Patterson Michael J. et al. (2000), "The effect of carbon monoxide on the 
oxidation of four C6 to C8 hydrocarbons over platinum, palladium and 
rhodium", Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. 26 (1), pp. 47-57. 
[79] Pérez-Cadenas Agustín F. et al. (2006), "Pd and Pt catalysts supported on 
carbon-coated monoliths for low-temperature combustion of xylenes", 
Carbon. 44 (12), pp. 2463-2468. 
[80] Priyanka et al. (2014), "Catalytic oxidation of nitrobenzene by copper loaded 
activated carbon", Separation and Purification Technology. 125, pp. 284-
290. 
[81] Puziy Alexander M. et al. (2007), "Oxygen and phosphorus enriched carbons 
from lignocellulosic material", Carbon. 45, pp. 1941-1950. 
[82] R. Balzer et al. (2014), "Catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds 
(n-hexane, benzene, toluene, o-xylene) promoted by cobalt catalysts 
supported on γ-Al2O3-CeO2", Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering. 
31 (03), pp. 757-769. 
[83] Ramos M. E. et al. (2010), "Adsorption of volatile organic compounds onto 
activated carbon cloths derived from a novel regenerated cellulosic 
precursor", Journal of Hazardous Materials. 177 (1–3), pp. 175-182. 
[84] Rase Howard F. (1990), Fixed-Bed Reactor Design and Diagnostics, 
Elsevier. 
[85] Rouquérol J. et al. (1994), "Recommendations for the characterization of 
porous solids", Pure&Appl.Chem. 66, pp. 1739. 
[86] Ruthveen Douglas M. (1984), Principles of adsorption and adsorption 
processes, John Wiley & Sons. 
107 
[87] Saka Cafer (2012), "BET, TG–DTG, FT-IR, SEM, iodine number analysis 
and preparation of activated carbon from acorn shell by chemical activation 
with ZnCl2", Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 95, pp. 21-24. 
[88] Saqer Saleh M. et al. (2011), "Catalytic oxidation of toluene over binary 
mixtures of copper, manganese and cerium oxides supported on γ-Al2O3", 
Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. 103 (3–4), pp. 275-286. 
[89] Scott Raymond P. W. (2003), Principles and practice of chromatography, 
Chrom-Ed Book Series, Libraryforscience. 
[90] Shim Wang Geun et al. (2010), "Heterogeneous adsorption and catalytic 
oxidation of benzene, toluene and xylene over spent and chemically 
regenerated platinum catalyst supported on activated carbon", Applied 
Surface Science. 256, pp. 5566–5571. 
[91] Shiue Angus et al. (2010), "Vapor adsorption characteristics of toluene in an 
activated carbon adsorbent-loaded nonwoven fabric media for chemical 
filters applied to cleanrooms", Building and Environment. 45 (10), pp. 2123-
2131. 
[92] Sing K.S.W. et al. (1985), "Physisorption Data for Gas/Solid Systems, with 
Special Reference to the Determination of Surface Area and Porosity", Pure 
& Appl. Chem. 57, pp. 603-619. 
[93] Song Kwang Sup et al. (2001), "Kinetics of propane combustion over 
La0.66Sr0.34Ni0.3Co0.7O3 perovskite", Applied Catalysis A: General. 213 
(1), pp. 113-121. 
[94] Suzuki Motoyuki (1990), Adsorption Engineering, Elsevier Science. 
[95] Terzyk Artur P. (2001), "The influence of activated carbon surface chemical 
composition on the adsorption of acetaminophen (paracetamol) in vitro: Part 
II. TG, FTIR, and XPS analysis of carbons and the temperature dependence 
of adsorption kinetics at the neutral pH", Colloids and Surfaces A: 
Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 177 (1), pp. 23-45. 
[96] Tsonchevaa Tanya et al. (2013), "Catalytic VOCs elimination over copper 
and cerium oxide modified mesoporous SBA-15 silica", Applied 
Catalysis A: General. 453, pp. 1-12. 
[97] Upadhyay Santosh K. (2006), Chemical Kinetics and Reaction Dynamics, 
Springer, India. 
[98] Vannice M. Albert (2005), Kinetics of Catalytic Reactions, Springer. 
[99] Vass M. I. et al. (1996), "Complete oxidation of benzene on Co/Cr and 
Co/Cr oxide catalysts", Catalysis today. 29 (1–4), pp. 463-470. 
[100] Webb P.A. et al. (1997), Analytical Methods in Fine Particle Technology, 
Micromeritics Instrument Corp 
[101] Wu Jeffrey Chi-Sheng et al. (2000), "Low-temperature complete oxidation of 
BTX on Pt/activated carbon catalysts", Catalysis today. 63 (2–4), pp. 419-
426. 
108 
[102] Yuan Zhenle et al. (2011), "Hydrogenolysis of glycerol over homogenously 
dispersed copper on solid base catalysts", Applied Catalysis B: 
Environmental. 101 (3), pp. 431-440. 
[103] Zhan Haijuan et al. (2014), "Methanol synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation 
over La–M–Cu–Zn–O (M = Y, Ce, Mg, Zr) catalysts derived from 
perovskite-type precursors", Journal of Power Sources. 251, pp. 113-121. 
[104] Zhang Mingqian et al. (1997), "Catalytic deep oxidation of volatile organic 
compounds over fluorinated carbon supported platinum catalysts at low 
temperatures", Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. 13 (2), pp. 123-130. 
[105] Zhiqiang Luan et al. (1993), "The investigation for the deactivation 
mechanism of Cu-Cr impregnated carbon by XPS ", Carbon. 31 (7), pp. 
1179-1184. 
[106] Zhu J. et al. (2016), "Adsorption dynamics and rate assessment of volatile 
organic compounds in active carbon", Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 
18 (39), pp. 27175-27178. 
 	
 ! "# $% &'() * $+& 
,-'&)./0%1
2-&%)345
67,&)8%/9:
;'&)?!@$
&A)*B?B CC) )C$@ D#'EFFDAF%-4&)9
:%,-'&&A)*BGB C*)*)D@ D#'EFF.H&,-!)GG!*5
I&-%,&)CB B G )**)CD@ ,-'&@FF)!GG+
J,;&&-1&)?!G ?1,K@&F6&A :%'A;&&-1&)!L**1,K@&F6&A
<M6'7%##&4') F 3%N$&FF6&O%F&)9%#&
,-'&OFE) !+B1,K D6%,1O&+F)9%
:%,,F)@6)./0%1!O&+F%:4%9%#+CH!9+E?H#+*#, C!
PQQRS
PT
#+'&-%#F6U1&&-B-VW! ?L) >!*?G,XB+
.<6U1&D&) L!?L,XB+
/$'%@1%-%&D&) L!LC??,XB+
/$'%!GGG,XB+
.Z8DAF%-%#16,6'4&F6U1&&%U-%&F
7&N& !G#,#A!#,NAH) >!?L*,XB+
.Z8O&F%-%#16,6'4&F6U1&&%U-%&F
7&N& !G#,#A!#,NAH)!LG,XB+
[\Q
/$'%,1%-%&4%'6,&)!CLG?G1,KB+
.Z8DAF%-%#16,6'4&4%'6,&%U-%&F
7&N& !G#,#A!#,NAH)! *CL1,KB+
.Z8O&F%-%#16,6'4&4%'6,&%U-%&F
7&N& !G#,#A!#,NAH)!CL1,KB+
[P]
.Z8DAF%-%#4&+&-%&NAH^CBD_)?!C ?#,
.Z8O&F%-%#4&+&-%&NAH^CBD_)*!L C>#,
 	
 ! "# $% &'() * $+&,
-.'&)/01%2
3.&%)456
78-&)9%0:;
!!>/=0>0?,!@$
&A)*B,B CC) )C$@ D#'EFFDAF%.5&):
;%-.'&&A)*BGB C*)*)D@ D#'EFF/H&-.!)GG!*6
I&.%-&)CB B G )**)CD@ -.'&@FF)!GG+
J-<&&.2&),!G ,2-K@&F7&A ;%'A<&&.2&)!L**2-K@&F7&A
=M7'8%##&5') F 4%N$&FF7&O%F&):%#&
-.'&OFE) !+B2-K D7%-2O&+F):%
;%--F)@7)/01%2!O&+F%;5%:%#+CH!:+E,H#+*#- C!
I&'5&$&FF7&P.B.QR
! ! ! ! !C !* !, !G !L !? !
S
7
#
E
D
A
F
%
8
&
A
P
2
-
K
B
+
$
R
*
 
 *
*
T
UVWX
/01%20DAF%.%#
/01%20O&F%.%#
 	
 ! "# $% &'() * $+&
,-'&)./0%1
2-&%)345
67,&)8%/9:
;'&)?!@$
&A)*B?B CC) )C$@ D#'EFFDAF%-4&)9
:%,-'&&A)*BGB C*)*)D@ D#'EFF.H&,-!)GG!*5
I&-%,&)CB B G )**)CD@ ,-'&@FF)!GG+
J,;&&-1&)?!G ?1,K@&F6&A :%'A;&&-1&)!L**1,K@&F6&A
<M6'7%##&4') F 3%N$&FF6&O%F&)9%#&
,-'&OFE) !+B1,K D6%,1O&+F)9%
:%,,F)@6)./0%1!O&+F%:4%9%#+CH!9+E?H#+*#, C!
$%&JAHP#,Q
C * ? G L >    C
$
%
&
%
'
6
,
&
P
1
,
K
B
+
Q
!
!*
! 
! *
!
!*
!
$
%
&
%
'
6
,
&
P
1
,
K
B
+
R
#
,
Q
!
!*
! 
! *
!
!*
!
ST U
VWX
YZX[\]^
8_#F#A`6)56_/`%#&1/E1%&1%#
.`8O&F%-%#:6,6'4&$%&%'6,&P3+&Q
.`8O&F%-%#ABAN$%&%'6,&
 	
 ! "# $% &'() * $+& 
,-'&)./012/
3-&%)456
07,&)8%19/
:'&);)?!@$
&A)*BCB DD) )D$@ 2#'EFF2AF%-5&)9
/%,-'&&A)*BGB D*)*)2@ 2#'EFF=H&,-!)GG!*6
I&-%,&)DB B G )?)D$@ ,-'&@FF)!DG+
J,:&&-K&)C!CG?K,L@&F0&A /%'A:&&-K&)!>DK,L@&F0&A
;M0'7%##&5') F 4%N$&FF0&O%F&)9%#&
,-'&OFE) !+BK,L 20%,KO&+F)9%
/%,,F)@0)./012/!O&+F%/5%9%#+DH!9+ECH#+*#, D!
PQQRS
PT
#+'&-%#F0UK&&-B-VW! C*>D?) >!*>>,XB+
=;0UK&2&) !>D>,XB+
1$'%@K%-%&2&)  !CD*,XB+
1$'%;Y&#'0UK&2&) >!>GG,XB+
=Z82AF%-%#K0,0'5&F0UK&&%U-%&F
7&N& !G#,#A!#,NAH) >!?>,XB+
=Z8O&F%-%#K0,0'5&F0UK&&%U-%&F
7&N& !G#,#A!#,NAH)!GC>C,XB+
[\Q
1$'%,K%-%&5%'0,&)!D?*>CGK,LB+
=Z82AF%-%#K0,0'5&5%'0,&%U-%&F
7&N& !G#,#A!#,NAH)! CCK,LB+
=Z8O&F%-%#K0,0'5&5%'0,&%U-%&F
7&N& !G#,#A!#,NAH)!>?>K,LB+
[P]
=Z82AF%-%#5&+&-%&NAH^DB2_)C!G#,
=Z8O&F%-%#5&+&-%&NAH^DB2_)*!G*G #,
 	
 ! "# $% &'() * $+&,
-.'&)/01230
4.&%)567
18-&)9%2:0
;'&)<2=2?@!A$
&B)*C,C DD) )D$A 3#'EFF3BF%.6&):
0%-.'&&B)*CGC D*)*)3A 3#'EFF>H&-.!)GG!*7
I&.%-&)DC C G )@)D$A -.'&AFF)!DG+
J-;&&.K&),!,G@K-LA&F1&B 0%'B;&&.K&)!?DK-LA&F1&B
<M1'8%##&6') F 5%N$&FF1&O%F&):%#&
-.'&OFE) !+CK-L 31%-KO&+F):%
0%--F)A1)/01230!O&+F%06%:%#+DH!:+E,H#+*#- D!
I&'6&$&FF1&P.C.QR
! ! ! ! !D !* !, !G !@ !? !
S
1
#
E
3
B
F
%
8
&
B
P
K
-
L
C
+
$
R
*
 
 *
*
T
UVWX
/0123023BF%.%#
/012302O&F%.%#
 	
 ! "# $% &'() * $+&
,-'&)./012/
3-&%)456
07,&)8%19/
:'&);)?!@$
&A)*BCB DD) )D$@ 2#'EFF2AF%-5&)9
/%,-'&&A)*BGB D*)*)2@ 2#'EFF=H&,-!)GG!*6
I&-%,&)DB B G )?)D$@ ,-'&@FF)!DG+
J,:&&-K&)C!CG?K,L@&F0&A /%'A:&&-K&)!>DK,L@&F0&A
;M0'7%##&5') F 4%N$&FF0&O%F&)9%#&
,-'&OFE) !+BK,L 20%,KO&+F)9%
/%,,F)@0)./012/!O&+F%/5%9%#+DH!9+ECH#+*#, D!
$%&JAHP#,Q
D * C G ? >   
$
%
&
%
'
0
,
&
P
K
,
L
B
+
Q
!
!*
! 
! *
!
!*
!
$
%
&
%
'
0
,
&
P
K
,
L
B
+
R
#
,
Q
!
!*
! 
! *
!
!*
!
ST U
VWX
YZX[\]^
8_#F#A`0)60_1`%#&K1EK%&K%#
=`8O&F%-%#/0,0'5&$%&%'0,&P4+&Q
=`8O&F%-%#ABAN$%&%'0,&
 	
 ! "# $% &'() * $+& 
,-'&)./01
2-&%)345
16,&)7%87%'
9'&):);!!;$
&?)@A A *) ) $> B#'CDDB?D%-4&)E
0%,-'&&?)@A FA  )FG)B> B#'CDD<H&,-!)GG!*5
I&-%,&)FA A G )FG) B> ,-'&>DD)!* +
J,9&&-K&).!F@=K,L>&D1&? 0%'?9&&-K&)!*.*K,L>&D1&?
:M1'6%##&4') D 3%N$&DD1&O%D&)E%#&
,-'&ODC) !+AK,L B1%,KO&+D)E%
0%,,D)>1>F)O&+D%*0%#+.H!E+CH#+#, !>1K17%8E07%'!
PQQRS
PT
#+'&-%#D1UK&&-A-VW! *G@=F) @!F@.,XA+
<:1UK&B&) !.@@,XA+
8$'%>K%-%&B&) =!G ,XA+
8$'%:Y&#'1UK&B&)=!@G@,XA+
<Z7B?D%-%#K1,1'4&D1UK&&%U-%&D
6&N& !G#,#?!#,N?H)=!G*,XA+
<Z7O&D%-%#K1,1'4&D1UK&&%U-%&D
6&N& !G#,#?!#,N?H)!*@..,XA+
[\Q
8$'%,K%-%&4%'1,&)!FGG@=K,LA+
<Z7B?D%-%#K1,1'4&4%'1,&%U-%&D
6&N& !G#,#?!#,N?H)!. =K,LA+
<Z7O&D%-%#K1,1'4&4%'1,&%U-%&D
6&N& !G#,#?!#,N?H)!*= =@K,LA+
[P]
<Z7B?D%-%#4&+&-%&N?H^FAB_)=!.*G#,
<Z7O&D%-%#4&+&-%&N?H^FAB_)G!.G#,
 	
 ! "# $% &'() * $+&,
-.'&),/01
2.&%)345
16-&)7%87%'
9'&):);!!;$
&?)@A A *) ) $> B#'CDDB?D%.4&)E
0%-.'&&?)@A FA  )FG)B> B#'CDD<H&-.!)GG!*5
I&.%-&)FA A G )FG) B> -.'&>DD)!* +
J-9&&.K&),!F@=K-L>&D1&? 0%'?9&&.K&)!*,*K-L>&D1&?
:M1'6%##&4') D 3%N$&DD1&O%D&)E%#&
-.'&ODC) !+AK-L B1%-KO&+D)E%
0%--D)>1>F)O&+D%*0%#+,H!E+CH#+#- !>1K17%8E07%'!
I&'4&$&DD1&P.A.QR
! ! ! ! !F !* !, !G != !@ !
S
1
#
C
B
?
D
%
6
&
?
P
K
-
L
A
+
$
R
*
 
 *
*
*
T
UVWX
,/018B?D%.%#
,/018O&D%.%#
 	
 ! "# $% &'() * $+&
,-'&)./01
2-&%)345
16,&)7%87%'
9'&):);!!;$
&?)@A A *) ) $> B#'CDDB?D%-4&)E
0%,-'&&?)@A FA  )FG)B> B#'CDD<H&,-!)GG!*5
I&-%,&)FA A G )FG) B> ,-'&>DD)!* +
J,9&&-K&).!F@=K,L>&D1&? 0%'?9&&-K&)!*.*K,L>&D1&?
:M1'6%##&4') D 3%N$&DD1&O%D&)E%#&
,-'&ODC) !+AK,L B1%,KO&+D)E%
0%,,D)>1>F)O&+D%*0%#+.H!E+CH#+#, !>1K17%8E07%'!
$%&J?HP#,Q
F . =   F . =
$
%
&
%
'
1
,
&
P
K
,
L
A
+
Q
!
!*
! 
! *
!
!*
!
!*
!F
!F*
!*
!**
$
%
&
%
'
1
,
&
P
K
,
L
A
+
R
#
,
Q
!
!*
! 
! *
!
!*
!
!*
ST U
VWX
YZX[\]^
7_#D#?`1)51_8`%#&K8CK%&K%#
<`7O&D%-%#01,1'4&$%&%'1,&P3+&Q
<`7O&D%-%#?A?N$%&%'1,&
 	
 ! "# $% &'() * $+& 
,-'&)./01230
4-&%)567
18,&)9%2:0
;'&)<2=2??!@$
&A)*B.B CC).).$@ 3#'DEE3AE%-6&):
0%,-'&&A)*B?B C )?)C3@ 3#'DEE>F&,-!)GG!*7
H&-%,&)CB B G )*)C 3@ ,-'&@EE)!*? +
I,;&&-J&)K!K*KJ,L@&E1&A 0%'A;&&-J&)! GJ,L@&E1&A
<M1'8%##&6') E 5%N$&EE1&O%E&):%#&
,-'&OED) !+BJ,L 31%,JO&+E):%
0%,,E)@1)./01230!O&+E%06%:%#+CF!:+D.F#+*#, C!
PQQRS
PT
#+'&-%#E1UJ&&-B-VW! K*KCC) GC!.?.,XB+
><1UJ&3&) G!***,XB+
2$'%@J%-%&3&) * ! ,XB+
2$'%<Y&#'1UJ&3&) ?!C*,XB+
>Z93AE%-%#J1,1'6&E1UJ&&%U-%&E
8&N& !G#,#A!#,NAF) ?!*.,XB+
>Z9O&E%-%#J1,1'6&E1UJ&&%U-%&E
8&N& !G#,#A!#,NAF)!.?K,XB+
[\Q
2$'%,J%-%&6%'1,&)!CK?J,LB+
>Z93AE%-%#J1,1'6&6%'1,&%U-%&E
8&N& !G#,#A!#,NAF)!.K?J,LB+
>Z9O&E%-%#J1,1'6&6%'1,&%U-%&E
8&N& !G#,#A!#,NAF)!.KCJ,LB+
[P]
>Z93AE%-%#6&+&-%&NAF^CB3_)K!K#,
>Z9O&E%-%#6&+&-%&NAF^CB3_)*!C* #,
 	
 ! "# $% &'() * $+&,
-.'&)/012341
5.&%)678
29-&):%3;1
!!>?=3>3@@!A$
&B)*C/C DD)/)/$A 4#'EFF4BF%.7&);
1%-.'&&B)*C@C D )@)D4A 4#'EFF?G&-.!)HH!*8
I&.%-&)DC C H )*)D 4A -.'&AFF)!*@ +
J-<&&.K&),!,*,K-LA&F2&B 1%'B<&&.K&)! HK-LA&F2&B
=M2'9%##&7') F 6%N$&FF2&O%F&);%#&
-.'&OFE) !+CK-L 42%-KO&+F);%
1%--F)A2)/012341!O&+F%17%;%#+DG!;+E/G#+*#- D!
I&'7&$&FF2&P.C.QR
! ! ! ! !D !* !, !H !/ !@ !
S
2
#
E
4
B
F
%
9
&
B
P
K
-
L
C
+
$
R
*
 
 *
*
T
UVWX
/01234134BF%.%#
/0123413O&F%.%#
 	
 ! "# $% &'() * $+&
,-'&)./01230
4-&%)567
18,&)9%2:0
;'&)<2=2??!@$
&A)*B.B CC).).$@ 3#'DEE3AE%-6&):
0%,-'&&A)*B?B C )?)C3@ 3#'DEE>F&,-!)GG!*7
H&-%,&)CB B G )*)C 3@ ,-'&@EE)!*? +
I,;&&-J&)K!K*KJ,L@&E1&A 0%'A;&&-J&)! GJ,L@&E1&A
<M1'8%##&6') E 5%N$&EE1&O%E&):%#&
,-'&OED) !+BJ,L 31%,JO&+E):%
0%,,E)@1)./01230!O&+E%06%:%#+CF!:+D.F#+*#, C!
$%&IAFP#,Q
C * K G . ?   
$
%
&
%
'
1
,
&
P
J
,
L
B
+
Q
!
!*
! 
! *
!
!*
$
%
&
%
'
1
,
&
P
J
,
L
B
+
R
#
,
Q
!
!*
! 
! *
!
!*
!
!*
ST U
VWX
YZX[\]^
9_#E#A`1)71_2`%#&J2DJ%&J%#
>`9O&E%-%#01,1'6&$%&%'1,&P5+&Q
>`9O&E%-%#ABAN$%&%'1,&
 	
  !"#! $%&'(!() "*$
+,%$'-.+/0-.12
1,$#'345
.6+$'7. *89::.$
;%$'-'/<9<(!<!8?)@A"
$B')C(C(!)'@?'?"A  %DEEBE#,4$'/(
-#+,%$$B')C(@C(!)'('))A  %DEEFG$+,')5
H$,#+$')C(C(!')@'@@"A +,%$AEE')?*
=+;$$,I$'@J)JI+KA$E.$B -#%B;$$,I$'(!(I+KA$E.$B
LM.%6# > $4%'!E 3#N"$EE.$9#E$'/# $
+,%$9$ ED'!*CI+K .#+I9$*E'/#
-#++$ E'A.'-.+/0-.129$*E#()-4#/(# *)GA.I.7. *89::.$/*D(8)8(!
H$%4$"$EE.$0,C,O2
 ! (  @ )   ? J !
7
.
D
B
E
#
6
$
B
0
I
+
K
C
*
"
2
!
(
@
)
?
PQRSTUVWXTYUZ[QR
-.+/0-.128BE#,# 
-.+/0-.1289$E#,# 
 	
  !"#! $%&'(!() "*$+
,-%$'./,01./23
2-$#'456
/7,$'8/ *9:;;/$
?0=:=(!=!9@)+A"
$B')C(C(!)'+@'@"A  %DEEBE#-5$'0(
.#,-%$$B')C(+C(!)'('))A  %DEEFG$,-')6
H$-#,$')C(C(!')+'++"A ,-%$AEE')@*
>,<$$-I$'+J)JI,KA$E/$B .#%B<$$-I$'(!(I,KA$E/$B
LM/%7# ? $5%'!E 4#N"$EE/$:#E$'0# $
,-%$:$ ED'!*CI,K /#,I:$*E'0#
.#,,$ E'A/'./,01./23:$*E#().5#0(# *)GA/I/8/ *9:;;/$0*D(9)9(!
O
PQRSTUQUSUVWQX
FL/YI$$'!!JZ!(,[C*
%#-$'!!((Z!*CI,K"
\9? $I$-')Z)J*CI,K"
.'((@((J
8,'@)(I,KC*"
.#$%# .#$YI$ 'JJJJJJ
A#%$I/%.#EE9$I# %$'!( ,[
H$%5$
"$EE/$
1-C-]3
8/ D
BE#7$B
1I,KC*"3
!C^81-]C-9!3_
+J))+ @!! (!
J)@+ @@ @@!
@J+(+@ @J) !J)+
!J))!J J(+ !)
!(J)(J+ J)!@ !)!
!+J+) J@+ !J!
!J+()JJ+ !)) ((@)
!@J+)) !(J ((((
(J(+ !!) (+J+J
((J(@+J !J (()
(+J(++@+ !!(!+ (J)
 	
  !"#! $%&'(!() "*$!!
+,%$'-.+/0-.12
1,$#'345
.6+$'7. *89::.$
;%$'-'/<9<(!<!8?)@A"
$B')C(C(!)'@?'?"A  %DEEBE#,4$'/(
-#+,%$$B')C(@C(!)'('))A  %DEEFG$+,')5
H$,#+$')C(C(!')@'@@"A +,%$AEE')?*
=+;$$,I$'@J)JI+KA$E.$B -#%B;$$,I$'(!(I+KA$E.$B
LM.%6# > $4%'!E 3#N"$EE.$9#E$'/# $
+,%$9$ ED'!*CI+K .#+I9$*E'/#
-#++$ E'A.'-.+/0-.129$*E#()-4#/(# *)GA.I.7. *89::.$/*D(8)8(!
"#$=BG0 +2
( @  ? ! ( @  ?
"
#
$
#
%
.
+
$
0
I
+
K
C
*
2
(
@
?
!
!(
"
#
$
#
%
.
+
$
0
I
+
K
C
*
O
+
2
!
!)
(
()
)
@
@)
)
))
)
PQ RSTUVWXTYZ[Z\]WX^_`TU_	T\Z[_
-.+/0-.12
Fa:BE#,# BCBN"#$#%.+$
Phụ lục 2: PHỔ HỒNG NGOẠI 
 Mẫu 8%Cu-AC sau xử lý nhiệt 
 	
   !"# $ %
 &!'
()
*& 
'+,-
.'
/!''001
(
0+2-30-30456$
 7'88'55'5$6  &!6 99':;;%
&!7'885';<'$6 =&
(':8<85';':$6
9'(& 4&
% 77>
?
, 7 .
 @=&
ABCDEFGH IJK
 !@99(@&'*
 !. 
'L
6 97/!
M= '>N($8
% !*?9'
% !,7'L
:4( 
& O9 , ! .!?
9P&
ABCDQFGJH RESTUVCDWESXYQZ[W\SC	VCDK
 !@99(@&'(& $
% 7=7>
 !. 
']25:^($=3_;!8
6 97/!
M= ';>N($8
% !*?9'4<#
% !,7'` 9
$ O
L.
(&  
6 P]a^
b @]>N8%
($^
$ O
> 
]_^
 :;; 5; ;
 :;:; 5: ;
5 ## <#5 
 	
   !"# $ %
 &!'
()
*& 
'+,-
.'
/!''001
(
0+2-30-30456$
 7'88'55'5$6  &!6 99':;;%
&!7'885';<'$6 =&
(':8<85';':$6
9'(& 4&
% 77>
?
, 7 .
(& @AB
  5  ; : # <
(
1
%
!
@
B
;
;
;
CDEFGH	IHJKJLMNJOHK
(1% !@ B4P($=Q7%8RS34
R;!8T
 	
   !"# $ %
 &!'
()
*& 
'+,-
.'
/!''001
(
0+2-30-30456$
 7'88'55'5$6  &!6 99':;;%
&!7'885';<'$6 =&
(':8<85';'#$6
9'(& 4&
% 77>
?
, 7 .
(& @AB
; ; ;; : :; # #; <
(
1
>
;
;
CDCEFEGEHIJKGL
##
:;:;
:;;
(1
> 
4M($=N7%8OP34
O;!8Q
 	
   !"# $ %
 &!'()*+,
-& 
'./0
1'
2!''334
(
3.50634(*$6783*9$
 :';$9  &!9 ??'>%
&!:';'=$9
?'( ()*( B,-=C*6 !
%!DD'E+,%
=
%=/
,,% D=*;*
 DA&
FGHIJKLM NOP
 !D??(D&'-
 !1 
',
9 ?:2!
QA 'RS($<
% !-T?'
% !/:',
;*( 
& U? / ! 1!T
?V&
FGHIWKLOM XJYZ[\HI]JY^_W`a]bYH	\HIP
 !D??(D&'(& $
% :A:R
 !1 
'B5@C,Q(4($A*6
 !1 
*@**
9 ?:2!
QA 'RS($<
% !-T?'*
% !/:'c?
$ U
,1
(&  
9 VBdC
e D
B
!<%C
$ U
R 
B+C
 @ =#; =
 = @ 
= @;> ;;> @
 ;=# @> @
@ ; ;@; =
 	
   !"# $ %
 &!'()*+,
-& 
'./0
1'
2!''334
(
3.50634(*$6783*9$
 :';$9  &!9 ??'>%
&!:';'=$9
?'( ()*( B,-=C*6 !
%!DD'E+,%
=
%=/
,,% D=*;*
(& BFC
  =  @ ; # >
(
4
%
!
B
C
*
;
>
GHIJKL	MLNONPQRNSLO
(4% !B C*T($AU:%<E+6*
E@!<V
 	
   !"# $ %&
 '!()*+,-
.' 
(/01
2(
3!((445
)
4/61745)+$7894+:$
 ;($:  '!: ??(>%
'!;((&$:
?() )*+) B-.&C+7 !
%!DD(E,-%
&
%&0
--% D&+<+
)' BFC
@  @ & &@  @ @ @@ 
)
5
G
>
<
>
HIHJKJLJMNOPLQ
<
<&#
@
&
@
)5
G 
+R)$AS;%=E,7+
E@!=T
 	
   !"# $ %
 &!'($)*+',-
.& 
'/01
2'+ 
*3+
4!''553
(
5/61+51+5*#,7$
 8'9:#:;'9'<
7  &!7 =='<,%
&!8'9:#:;;';9';;$7 )&
('<::#;'<9'<$7
='($)*+(=' &!',-2'+ 
*3+>% ?8
'#*9*;
 ?)&
@ABCDEFG HIJ@KL
 !?==(?&'.
 !2 
'>
7 =84!
M) 'NO($:
% !.P='
% !08'>
,*( 
& Q= 0 ! 2!P
=R&
@ABCJEFSG TDUVWXBCYDUZIJH[Y\UB	XBCL
 !?==(?&'(& $
% 8)8N
 !2 
']6;,^($)+-<!:
7 =84!
M) '<NO($:
% !.P='*;;
% !08'_=
$ Q
>2
(&  
7 R]`^
a ?
]
!:%^
$ Q
N 
]-^
  # ;,
 ;; # ,
; ;9 ;< ;
 #< ,;; 
< ,9 ;<;9 #
, 9 ,< ;9
# <; , ,
 	
   !"# $ %
 &!'($)*+',-
.& 
'/01
2'+ 
*3+
4!''553
(
5/61+51+5*#,7$
 8'9:#:;'9'<
7  &!7 =='<,%
&!8'9:#:;;';9';;$7 )&
('<::#;'<9'<$7
='($)*+(=' &!',-2'+ 
*3+>% ?8
'#*9*;
(& @AB
  ;  < , # 9
(
3
%
!
@
B
;
<
,
#
9
CDEFGH	IHJKJLMNJOHK
(3% !@ B*P($)Q8%:R-+*
R<!:S
 	
   !"# $ %&
 '!()$*+,(-.
/' 
(012
3(, 
+4,
5!((664
)
6072,62,6+#-8$
 9(:;#;&(:(<
8  '!8 ==(<-%
'!9(:;#;&&(&:(&&$8 *'
)(<;;#&(<:(<$8
=()$*+,)=( '!(-.3(, 
+4,>% ?9
(#+:+&
)' @AB
<  < & &<  < < << - -< # #< :
)
4
C
&
<
-
#
:
DEDFGFHFIJKLHM
<&
:
-:
#<
&:
&&
)4
C 
+N)$*O9%;P.,+
P<!;Q
 	
   !"# $ %
 &!'($)*+',-.
/& 
'0(((
1'+ 
*2+
3!''442
(
4#4*5,6$
 7'.8.#,'99'9
6  &!6 ::',%
&!7'.8.#'8'
6 )&
('.,.#8'99'$6
:'8**#
 ;)&
?@ABCD>	EF GHIJ@KLMN>?O@KPHIGQORK>	N>?S
 !;::(;&'(& $
% 7)7T
 !1 
'UV85W($)*+* !1 
*,**5
6 :73!
X) '8TY($.
% !/Z:'*,,#9
% ![7'\
$ ]
\1
(&  
6 ^U_W
` ;
U
!.%W
$ ]
T 
U-W
 ,9 8# 9
 89 99 #5
9 5 , 9,
 95 5558 ,
8 88 5 
5 588# #5988 
 	
   !"# $ %
 &!'($)*+',-.
/& 
'0(((
1'+ 
*2+
3!''442
(
4#4*5,6$
 7'.8.#,'99'9
6  &!6 ::',%
&!7'.8.#'8'
6 )&
('.,.#8'99'$6
:'8**#
(& ;<=
  9  8 5 # ,
(
2
%
!
;
=
*
*
*
*,
*5
*
*
>?@ABC	DCEFEGHIEJCF
(2% !; =*K &!:($)*+L7%.M-+*
M8!.N
 	
   !"# $ %&
 '!()$*+,(-./
0' 
(1)))
2(, 
+3,
4!((553
)
5#5+6-7$
 8(/9/#-(&&(&
7  '!7 ::(-%
'!8(/9/#(9(
7 *'
)(/-/#9(&&($7
:(9++#
)' ;<=
 9  9 & &9  9 9 99 6 69 # #9 -
)
3
>
6
-
6
?@?ABACADEFGCH
699#
99
&6
6
9&
-&
)3
> 
+I '!:)$*+,J8%/K.,+
K9!/L
 	
   !"# $ %
 &!'($)*+',
,& 
'-./
0'+ 
*1
2!''334
(
353*67$
 8'9695:':'6$7  &!7 ;;'::6%
&!8'9695''<$7 )&
('9695'<':$7
;'($)*+
=,; &!1% >8
6**5
 >)&
?@ABCDEFGA	HI JKLMCNOPQABRCNSKLJTRUNA	QABV
 !>;;(>&'(& $
% 8)8W
 !0 
'XY65Z($)*+* !0 
*<**5
7 ;82!
[) '6W\($9
% !,=;'*<66
% !.8'1
$ ]
10
(&  
7 ^X_Z
` >
X
!9%Z
$ ]
W 
XaZ
 #< 5:5: 5
 	
   !"# $ %
 &!'($)*+',
,& 
'-./
0'+ 
*1
2!''334
(
353*67$
 8'9695:':'6$7  &!7 ;;'::6%
&!8'9695''<$7 )&
('9695'<':$7
;'($)*+
=,; &!1% >8
6**5
(& ?@A
6  6  6 : :6  6 6
(
4
%
!
?
A
*5
*6
*
*:
*
*
BCDEFG	HGIJIKLMINGJ
(4% !? A*O &!;($)*+P8%9QR+*
Q6!9S
 	
   !"# $ %&
 '!()$*+,(-
-' 
(./0
1(, 
+2
3!((445
)
464+78$
 9(:7:6&(&(7$8  '!8 ;;(&&7%
'!9(:7:6((<$8 *'
)(:7:6(<(&$8
;()$*+,
=-; '!2% >9
7++6
)' ?@A
  &  7 6 # <  & & & &&
)
5
B
&
7
6
#
CDCEFEGEHIJKGL
#<
)5
B 
+M '!;)$*+,N9%:OP,+
O7!:Q
4/27/2017 
Project 26-04 
4/27/2017 
Project 26-04 
Spectrum 1 
Element Line Type Weight % Weight % Sigma Atomic % 
C K series 81.92 0.43 89.22 
O K series 11.47 0.36 9.37 
Cu L series 6.21 0.28 1.27 
K K series 0.38 0.05 0.13 
Al K series 0.02 0.04 0.01 
Total 100.00 100.00 
4/27/2017 
Project 26-04 
Spectrum 2 
Element Line Type Weight % Weight % Sigma Atomic % 
C K series 80.92 0.39 88.58 
O K series 12.06 0.24 9.90 
Cu L series 6.51 0.34 1.34 
Al K series 0.06 0.03 0.03 
K K series 0.45 0.04 0.15 
Total 100.00 100.00 
4/27/2017 
Project 26-04 
Spectrum 3 
Element Line Type Weight % Weight % Sigma Atomic % 
C K series 81.42 0.44 88.85 
O K series 11.82 0.38 9.67 
Cu L series 6.15 0.28 1.26 
K K series 0.56 0.06 0.02 
Al K series 0.05 0.04 0.20 
Total 100.00 100.00 
 	
	
		
	
		
 ! "#$%"& '()& *+),-.$/& 0,1&
*,2-34 5067558
42+,+39:;
*<)+3=,76=#)(
>)-33? ! "?65?9#@;='?;='?"""7&/A%*B0
*,+C3DE FE "&GG3A&3"D0B *,2-B,HH3"%& F/1
2-C3DE FE "&G!3&G3"&0B I2+5)3$EDE "&/A3A"3"D0B
(H350674 J558% FE& E "&"%
*,+KI2+
LM	NO	N	
P
(,-KH)H5K2352+,+0+1+,C6H+2)(
,-)<+,)(3Q(
B,H+C>-RI,3"%""ST*50E)(
*)1(,-4JH3"%"""""
*)1(,-(:+C3Q
$ $F75+,+(2,UH,:,)-,<-J+)HV2+)(%
LM	O	N	
P
(,-KH)H5K2352+,+0+1+,C4V)C,)(
,-)<+,)(3W ! @""$GX50674 7 ASG7 G7&&7 "&&
B,H+C>-RI,3 A%"/ST*50E)(
*)1(,-4JH37G% $D!F
*)1(,-(:+C3Q
0,U
Q<+
52+,+,
B,V)WYX
Z,()K
W-E1X
0,U
(S(+,)(
W[X
& &!G%! "%" A&G &"% $
 G$!%G "%""G$/ &"% $
G G$D%" "%"&AD$ &"% $
 	
	
		
	
		
 ! "#$%"& '()& *+),-.$/& 0,1$
*,2-34 5067558
42+,+39:;
*<)+3=,76=#)(
>)-33? ! "?65?9#@;='?;='?"""7&/A%*B0
*,+C3DE FE "&GG3A&3"D0B *,2-B,HH3"%& F/1
2-C3DE FE "&G!3&G3"&0B I2+5)3$EDE "&/A3A"3"D0B
(H350674 J558% FE& E "&"%
52+,+KLM
& " &$" &F" &D" "" " $" F" D" G"" G " G$"
5
6
*
)
1
(
,
-
K
,
%
%
M
7"%""$A
7"%""$"
7"%""GA
7"%""G"
7"%"" A
7"%"" "
7"%""&A
7"%""&"
7"%"""A
"%""""
N
O	PQR	STTU	VT	N
56*)1(,-K,%%M7&"E)(
 	
	
		
	
		
 ! "#$%"& '()& *+),-.$/& 0,12
*,3-45 6078669
53+,+4:;<
*=)+4>,87>#)(
?)-44@ ! "@76@:#A'@'@"""8&/B%*C0
*,+D4EF 2F "&GG4B&4"E0C *,3-C,HH4"%& 2/1
3-D4EF 2F "&G!4&G4"&0C I3+6)4$FEF "&/B4B"4"E0C
(H460785 J669% 2F& F "&"%
63+,+KLM
& " &$" &2" &E" "" " $" 2" E" G"" G " G$"
6
7
(
N
(
+
,
)
(
&"% B
&"% G"
&"% GB
&"% $"
&"% $B
&"% B"
&"% BB
&"% 2"
&"% 2B
O
P	
	QR	O
67(N(+,)(8&"F)(
$ 28ST3+)(HU+H-NDJ+)(N-H)()()H+3+%
 	
	
		
	
		
 ! "#$%"& '()& *+),-.$/& 0,1&
*,2-34 506789
42+,+3:;<
*=)+3
>)-33? ! "?65?:#@<A'?<A'?"""7&/$%*B0
*,+C3DE FE "&F&"3$F3FGB *,2-B,HH3"%& 8 1
2-C3DE FE "&F$3&83$ 0B I2+5)3$EDE "&/G3$G3$$0B
(H350674 J7K&L),-)=+,)(% E& E "&"%
*,+MI2+
NO	PQ	P	
R
(,-MH)H5M2352+,+0+1+,C6H+2)(
,-)=+,)(3S(
B,H+C>-TI,3"%""UV*50E)(
*)1(,-4JH3"%"""""
*)1(,-(;+C3S
$ $875+,+(2,WH,;,)-,=-J+)HX2+)(%
NO	Q	P	
R
(,-MH)H5M2352+,+0+1+,C6H+2)(
,-)=+,)(3Y ! @""$FZ50674 7 GUF7 F7&&7 "&&
B,H+C>-TI,3 G%"$UV*50E)(
*)1(,-4JH37F% F&F&
*)1(,-(;+C3S
0,W
S=+
52+,+,
B,X)Y[Z
\,()M
Y-E1Z
0,W
(U(+,)(
Y9Z
& $"%D "%""!/" &"% G
 F$D%& "%"&&F! &"% 8
F F8%D "%&D" " &"%F$
 	
	
		
	
		
 ! "#$%"& '()& *+),-.$/& 0,1$
*,2-34 506789
42+,+3:;<
*=)+3
>)-33? ! "?65?:#@<A'?<A'?"""7&/$%*B0
*,+C3DE FE "&F&"3$F3FGB *,2-B,HH3"%& 8 1
2-C3DE FE "&F$3&83$ 0B I2+5)3$EDE "&/G3$G3$$0B
(H350674 J7K&L),-)=+,)(% E& E "&"%
52+,+MNO
& " &$" &8" &D" "" " $" 8" D" F"" F " F$"
5
6
*
)
1
(
,
-
M
,
%
%
O
7"%"&8
7"%"&$
7"%"& 
7"%"&"
7"%""D
7"%""8
7"%""$
7"%"" 
P
Q	RST	UVVW	XV	P
56*)1(,-M,%%O7&"E)(
 	
	
		
	
		
 ! "#$%"& '()& *+),-.$/& 0,12
*,3-45 607829
53+,+4:;<
*=)+4
>)-44? ! "?76?:#@<A'?<A'?"""8&/$%*B0
*,+C4DE FE "&F&"4$F4FGB *,3-B,HH4"%& 2 1
3-C4DE FE "&F$4&24$ 0B I3+6)4$EDE "&/G4$G4$$0B
(H460785 J8K&L),-)=+,)(% E& E "&"%
63+,+MNO
&$" &2" &D" "" " $" 2" D" F"" F " F$"
6
7
(
P
(
+
,
)
(
&"% $
&"% 2
&"% D
&"%F"
&"%F 
&"%F$
&"%F2
Q
R	
	ST	Q
67(P(+,)(8&"E)(
$ 28UV3+)(HW+H-PCJ+)(P-H)()()H+3+%
                  
	
   
   
    
  
  
  
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
    
 
 
 !"#$$
 
 !"#$$
  
 !"#$$
%&!'() * (+
 * #)  ,
*-$ #!(  
 
.(&! ) 	
# ( #)
	!/#(
!0(  ,#&+! ,#&+!
! 	!
!! 	!!
         
               
	
   
   
   
    
  
  
  
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
    
   
   
   
   
    
   
   
   
   
    
 
 
 
 
 !"##
 
 !"##
 
 !"##
  
 !"##
$% &'( )*'*
+"(  ,
+-#"
 '  
.'/% ( 	
"'"
(
	/ 0"'
/ 1' ,"%* / ,"%* 
	
  	   	 
        
                                 
	
   
   
   
   
   
    
   
  
  
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
    
   
   
 
	 !"##
$
	 !"##
	 !"##
%&	 '(
	) *
+, -"(-
		.")  /
.0#" (	  $
1(
&	 	) $
"(")
	
 2"(
	
 3(	 /"&- 	
 /"&- 
	 (#
   
   
 
        
        
                                 
	
   
   
   
    
  
  
  
   
   
   
   
   
 
	 !"#$$
 
	 !"#$$
 
	 !"#$$
 
%&	!'(
	) *+
, (-
	 	. #)  /
.0$ #!( 	  
1(
&	!	 ) 
# ( #)
	
!2#(
	
!3( 	 /#&-!	
 /#&-!
! !
!! !
!
        
      
	
 
 
 
 
 
	 !"##
$
$  $
	 !"##
$
$
%&	 '(
	) 
*(+
		,") -
,.#" (	  
/(
&	 	) 
"(")
	
 0"(
	
 1(	 -"&+ 	
 -"&+